scholarly journals Effects of rural-urban migration on socio-economic conditions of migrant households in district Peshawar, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Absar Ul Hassan ◽  
Noor P. Khan ◽  
Muhammad T. A Shah ◽  
Nimra Khan ◽  
Naushad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Family System ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
The Government ◽  
Migrant Households

This study was focused to identify the effects of rural-urban migration on the socio-economic conditions of migrant households in District Peshawar, Pakistan.Total150 respondents sampled through proportionate sampling technique from four different locations of Peshawar city participated in the study. Data were collected from the sampled respondents on a structured questionnaire through face-to-face interview technique. Results show that the majority of the respondents migrated during 2001 and 2010. Along with the poverty and social amenities, other major reasons behind the migration in the study area were access to quality education, the war against terrorism, employment opportunities, and health issues. Majority of the joint families converted to the nuclear family system after the migration. Their economic conditions were enhanced.  As far as pre and post-migration facilities were concerned, positive changes were observed in the research area. It is recommended that the government and concerned authorities should ensure the provision of basic socio-economic facilities and off-farm employment opportunities to the rural people so that the ratio of urban migration could possibly be minimized.

scholarly journals Rural-Urban Migration in Nigeria, Implication on the Development of the Society: Anambra State as the Focus of the Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Anselem C. Nweke
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
The Government

This paper examines the implication of rural- urban migration on Nigeria Society using Anambra state as focus of the study. Cities have been growing both through natural increase and through stampede from rural areas in Nigeria. People migrate to urban areas based on the prevailing conditions they fund themselves and the reasons for the migration vary from one individual to another depending on the situation that informs the decision to migrate. In most rural areas, the effect of rural-urban migration was a rapid deterioration of the rural economy leading to poverty and food scarcity. The cause of the phenomenon has been described as the push factors in the rural areas and the pull factors in the urban areas. The objective of this paper is to identify the implication of rural-urban migration on Nigeria society. It is a survey research. Thus, 1200 questionnaire were distributed among the selected local governments in Anambra State. The analysis was run using Runs test and mode analysis. The result of the analysis found the effect of people migrating from rural areas to urban centres on the society to include: increase in prostitution in the urban centres; increase in squalor settlement in the urban centres; and people are doing all sorts of odd jobs in order to survive in urban centres. The paper therefore recommends that the government should make and implement a policy on provision of functional social amenities such as electricity, pipe borne water etc. in the rural areas. Good schools and qualified teachers should be made available in the rural areas and establishment of industries in both rural and urban areas that will to an extent accommodate unemployed youths.

The Impact of the Crisis on Migration in Thailand

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 297-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongyuth Chalamwong
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Current Economic Crisis ◽  
Thai Government ◽  
Seeking Help ◽  
Bubble Economy ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
The Government ◽  
Excessive Speculation ◽  
The Impact

Thailand's current economic crisis resulted from the bursting of the bubble economy that developed from a combination of excessive speculation and liberalization of the finance system. Not only is Thailand expected to post a negative 5.5 percent economic growth and 9.4 percent inflation by the end of 1998, but it will also experience a reversal of rural-urban migration trends. The Thai government is stepping up enforcement against illegal foreign workers and is seeking help from neighboring states in facilitating the reintegration of their workers. At the same time the government targets to send at least 215,000 Thai workers to other countries.

scholarly journals Role of Sociocultural Factors in Depression among Elderly of Twin Cities (Rawalpindi and Islamabad) of Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saira Javed
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Family System ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Twin Cities

This research was conducted to examine the role of sociocultural factors on depression among elderly of twin cities (Rawalpindi and Islamabad) of Pakistan. 310 older adults participated in the present study. Through convenient sampling technique, face to face interview was carried out for data collection. Urdu translated Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form and demographic sheet were used to test hypotheses. Descriptive statistics andt-test were used for data analysis. Results showed significant mean differences among gender, marital status, family system, and status of employment on depression. Financial crisis, feeling of dejection because of isolation, and trend of nuclear family system have been observed as strong predictors of depression in older adults.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Determining Factors of Stunting among School-Aged Children in a Rural Nigerian Community: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-422
Author(s):  
Adaobi Mary-Ann Okafor ◽  
Chinaza Mary Ikwumere ◽  
Uchechukwu Dominica Egumgbe ◽  
Chidimma Bibian Eze ◽  
Chiamaka Glory Obitulata
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Family System ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Determining Factors

Stunting, an indicator of chronic childhood under-nutrition, is a challenging community health issue among rural Nigerian school children. This study assessed the prevalence and determining factors of stunting among school-aged children (SAC) in a rural Nigerian community. Three hundred and eighty SAC from government primary schools in Achi, Oji-River Local Government Area, Enugu state were selected for the study using multistage sampling technique. Structured and validated questionnaire, anthropometric measurements and biochemical assessments of serum zinc, presence of malaria and intestinal parasites were used for data collection.Stunting, underweight, thinness and overweight prevalence were 21.1%, 17.0%, 16.6% and 10.0%, respectively. Zinc deficiency, malaria and intestinal parasitemia existed in 12.5%, 27.5% and 35.0%, respectively. SAC who were males, 6-8 years, of the third birth order, underweight, overweight, zinc deficient and had intestinal parasitemia had higher odds of being stunted. Having secondary education, farming as an occupation and low monthly income among the mothers; nuclear family system and household size of ≥ 9 were other determinants of stunting observed in the study. These findings suggest the need for targeted intervention against the major determinants of stunting in the area.

scholarly journals Effect of Rural-Urban Migration on Food Security of Rural Households in Kwande Local Government Area of Benue State

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sedoo Lordaah ◽  
Agba Solomon ◽  
Nwafor Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Level Of Significance

This study investigated the effect of rural-urban migration on food security of rural households in Kwande local government area of Benue State, Nigeria. Using multistage sampling technique and a semi-structured questionnaire as instrument, data for the study was collected from a sample of three hundred and eighty four (389) rural dwellers in the state. The study revealed the major causes and determined the effect of rural-urban migration of the food security of Kwande local government area and suggested measures to reduce the rate of rural-urban migration. Given that the F- statistics of 98.094 is significant at 1% level of significance, it implies that the computed F- value was higher than the F-tabulated value of (1.94) at 5% level of significance and (2.51) at 1% level of significance. Therefore, and the alternative hypothesis which states that factors such as search for job, quest for skill acquisition, search foe better education, quest for marriage, insecurity, social amenities, and natural disasters are the determining factors of rural urban migration was accepted. Therefore, the study concluded that reduction rural-urban migration and improvement in food security are dependent on these factors. Based on the effects of rural-urban migration, it was recommended that government/policy makers come up with policies that would lead to increased rural development and farm mechanization.

scholarly journals Agricultural production, food and nutrition security in rural Benin, Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (60) ◽  
pp. 8388-8400
Author(s):  
OO Ikelegbe ◽  
◽  
DA Edokpa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
Food And Nutrition Security ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

Although agriculture is t he major economic activity in Nigerian rural areas , its inhabitants are among the most vulnerable to food and nutrition insecurity. Therefore, any effort aimed at minimizing food and nutrition insecurity must start from rural areas. This study examines agricultural production, food and nutrition security in rural areas of the Benin region in Nigeria , highlighting the major constraints . A measure of household food and nutrition security used in this study is based on dietary intake, real wage rates, employment , and incidence of illness and adequacy norms. This study is based on a food frequency questionnaire survey administered using systematic random sampling technique , participatory assessment technique, interviews with stakeholders and published materials . So me indices employed in measuring food and nutrition security i n this paper are physical access , which is measured in relation to availability of agricultural infrastructure such as roads , while economic access is measured in terms of income, expenditure and estimated profit margins. Two pre - tested questionnaires were administered in 20 rural communities in the Benin region to elicit information from respondents were analysed using simple descriptive techniques like charts, tables and percentages. Subsistence agriculture is the main stay of the studied rural economies and is dependent mainly on rain - fed, low - technology - driven cultivation with no access to modern farm inputs. Farming alone is the main source of income for 57% of the respondents , while fishing and trading account for the other 43%. T he study reveal s that although 60% of respondents are engaged in agriculture, their access to food and nutrition is in secure due in part to unstable incomes , seasonality of harvest and inadequate health and sanitary conditions . Also, lack of storage facilities in these rural communities has increased post - harvest losses and has reduced farmers ’ /household incomes , thereby worsening their food insecurity situation . The study also found that rural - urban migration result s in shortage of manpower for agricultural activities . L ack of access to fertilizer and poor infrastructure are major factors for the decline in agricultural production in the last five years in the sampled communities. The study recommends t he need for a considerable and sustained government investment in agriculture and the provision of basic facilities to support education, health care, sanitation and safe drinking water supply . This will help to ensure food and nutrition security and help to curtail rural – urban migration .

scholarly journals The Incidence and Implications of Migratory Selection in Nsukka Area of Enugu State South-East Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Basil U.E ◽  
Emmanuel N.A.
Keyword(s):  
Urban Migration ◽  
Migrant Group ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Rural Industrialization ◽  
Significant Spatial Variation ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
Better Than

Rural-Urban Migration is a common feature of developing countries and is known to be selective of migrants with certain qualities esteemed better than nonmigrants This research, therefore, examined the incidence of migratory selection on Nsukka area of Enugu State, Southeastern Nigeria. The survey research design was adopted for the study and 4 local government areas, 16 communities and 910 households were covered. Tables and graphs based on percentages and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used in data presentation and analysis. The result of the study showed that migration is selective of single educated males and of people aged 15 -29; the most migrant group being the unemployed (31%) and farmers (31%). It equally established no significant spatial variation on the incidence of migratory selection across the area. It is recommended that the government should take serious steps to enhance rural industrialization and agricultural productivity as this will go a long way in downgrading the rush to out-migrate by the younger generation.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION OF YOUTHS ON RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN OGBOMOSO SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OYO STATE. NIGERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
A. O. OKETAYO ◽  
Y. L. OLALEYE
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

The study examined the effect of rural-urban migration of youth on rural development in Ogbomoso South Local Government Area of Oyo State. Rural-urban migration is a phenomenon that most developing nations of the world are experiencing due to the gross neglect of the rural areas. In Nigeria, the issue of rural-urban migration is quite alarming owing to the discriminatory centralization of facilities in the urban areas as well as widening income gap between the urban and rural areas. This study adopted a descriptive survey research design while purposive sampling technique was used in selecting 300 from Ogbomoso south LGAs.  The data collected was tested by using Pearson product moment correlation and ANOVA. The study established that self-help project had significant relationship with youth out-migration (r = .351*, N= 300, P < .05), community economy  also had significant relationship with out-migration (r = .277*, N= 300, P < .05), care for elderly had negative significant relationship with out-migration(r = -.182*, N= 300, P < .05) and cultural practices also had significant relationship with out-migration (r = .198*, N= 300, P < .05). The study recommended  that; government should decentralize its developmental projects and programmes in order to accommodate the rural areas. Government should make agriculture attractive for rural dwellers so that they could see it as a profitable occupation and there should be economic incentives to promote adaptation of indigenous skills and technologies in the rural areas. 

scholarly journals Effect of Rural-Urban Migration on Education and Economics Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Abdulraheem Mukhtar Iderawumi ◽  
Iderawumi Mubarakat Abiodun
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
The Government

Over the years, demands for education have become progressively more insistent, more persuasive and complex. The kind of education given impinges on society in a variety of ways to meet an ever-widening range of needs. This research is to examine the effect of rural-urban migration on education and economic development with reference to Ibarapa East Local Government Area of Oyo State. The man and specific motives are to find out the causes of rural-urban migration how it affects the students’ performance and aimed at examining its effect on productivity level of Ibarapa East Local Government Area. The instrument used for collecting the data is the questionnaire. Hypotheses were formulated, whereas simple percentage methods were used to analyze the data. The finding shows that there are the different impacts of rural-urban migration on education and development of Ibarapa East Local Government causes short fall of the labour force, short of qualified and low productivity especially in the agricultural sector. Rural-urban migration contributes to the high rate of unemployment. It increases the number of juvenile delinquencies crimes and other social vices in the society, and it has effect on the educational development of the study area. Based on all the findings, recommendation was made that the government should provide social and infrastructural facilities such as good road network, regular supply of electricity and so on for rural dwellers. And also with the various youth programs, it could be possible to reduce rural-urban migration, most especially when the young ones are exposed to sustainable livelihood activities that they could embark upon.  

scholarly journals Knowledge of prevention of COVID-19 among the general people in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study in Rajshahi district

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243410
Author(s):  
Md. Masud Rana ◽  
Md. Reazul Karim ◽  
Md. Abdul Wadood ◽  
Md. Mahbubul Kabir ◽  
Md. Mahidul Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government

Background Until now, no vaccine or effective drug is available for the control, prevention, and treatment of COVID-19. Preventive measures are the only ways to be protected from the disease and knowledge of the people about the preventive measures is a vital matter. Objectives The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of the general people in Rajshahi district, Bangladesh regarding the COVID-19 preventive measures. Methodology This cross sectional study was conducted from March 10 to April 25, 2020. Data were collected with a semi-structured questionnaire from 436 adult respondents selected by using a mixed sampling technique. Frequency analysis, chi-square test, and logistic regression model were utilized in this study. SPSS (IBM, Version 22) was used for data analysis. 95% confidence interval and p-value = 0.05 were accepted for statistical significance. Results Only 21.6% of the respondents had good knowledge of the COVID-19 preventive measures. The highest 67.2% of them knew that washing hands with soap could prevent the disease, but contrarily, the highest 72.5% did not know that avoidance of touching mouth, nose, and eyes without washing hands was a preventive measure. Only 28.4% and 36.9% of the respondents knew that maintaining physical distancing and avoiding mass gatherings were measures of prevention of COVID-19 respectively. The younger age (≤25 years), low family income (≤15,000 Bangladeshi Taka (BDT), occupation others than business and service, and nuclear family had the lower odds of having no/less knowledge about the preventive measures. Conclusions The knowledge level of the general people regarding prevention of COVID-19 was alarmingly low in Bangladesh. The government of Bangladesh, health policy makers and donor agencies should consider the findings and take immediate steps for improving knowledge of the public about prevention of the disease.

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