scholarly journals Screening for Urease-Producing Bacteria from Limestone Caves of Sarawak

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armstrong Ighodalo Omoregie ◽  
Nurnajwani Senian ◽  
Phua Ye Li ◽  
Ngu Lock Hei ◽  
Dominic Ong Ek Leong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Urease Activity ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Calcite Precipitation ◽  
Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Urease Production

Urease is a key enzyme in the chemical reaction of microorganism and has been found to be associated withcalcification, which is essential in microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) process. Three bacterialisolates (designated as LPB19, TSB31 and TSB12) were among twenty-eight bacteria that were isolated fromsamples collected from Sarawak limestone caves using the enrichment culture technique. Isolates LPB19, TSB31and TSB12 were selected based on their quick urease production when compared to other isolates. Phenotypiccharacteristics indicate all three bacterial strains are gram-positive, rod-shaped, motile, catalase and oxidasepositive. Urease activity of the bacterial isolates were measured through changes in conductivity in the absence ofcalcium ions. The bacterial isolates (LPB19, TSB12 and TSB31) showed urease activity of 16.14, 12.45 and 11.41mM urea hydrolysed/min respectively. The current work suggested that these isolates serves as constitutiveproducers of urease, potentially useful in inducing calcite precipitates.

scholarly journals Microbially induced calcite precipitation using Bacillus velezensis with guar gum

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Dikshit ◽  
Animesh Jain ◽  
Arjun Dey ◽  
Sujit Kamilya ◽  
Abhishake Mondal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Calcite Precipitation ◽  
Ph Profile ◽  
Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation

AbstractThe present study was performed to explore the efficiency of microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) via locally isolated bacterial strains. Strains were isolated from soil and were screened for urease activity as well as microbial precipitation. Among all screened isolates, a carbonate precipitating soil bacterium was subjected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. This strain was identified as Bacillus velezensis. The MICP characteristics of this strain were explored under three different media compositions and significant amount of precipitation in all cases was observed. Highest amount of precipitation was seen with guar as a biopolymer additive medium under experimented conditions. Activity of isolated strain with reference to pH profile, and ammonia concentration and total reducing sugar was further explored under media supplemented with four concentrations of guar (0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% w/v). Microstructural analysis of microbial precipitation was performed with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis, which confirmed the presence of calcium carbonate in different phases. The strain was subjected to bio-cementation and locally available sand was successfully consolidated. XRD results confirmed the presence of calcium carbonate on consolidated samples.

scholarly journals Microbial degradation of polyethylene (PE)

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Kumari ◽  
R. C. Aanad ◽  
Neeru Narula
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Co2 Evolution ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
Compost Treatment

Thirty two bacterial isolates were obtained from soil by soil burial method followed by enrichment culture technique in film culturing (FC) media. Bacterial isolates differing in morphology were selected, purified and maintained at 4°C. Thirty % of these isolates were found to be Gram negative and 50% showed positive starch hydrolysis test and were screened for their ability to degrade Low Density Polyethylene (untreated, UV and heat strips) in film culturing media and percent weight loss of polyethylene after 4th week was determined. Among various isolates, highest degradation was by Is 3, Is 22 and Is 31 to the range of 25–27%, of UV treated polyethylene strips. High temperature (40°C), was found to enhance degradation rate of polyethylene more effectively by 24–28% compared to low temperature at 30°C (18–21%). Degradation of treated polyethylene strips (UV, heat steam) was up to 4% by compost treatment as studied by using CO2 evolution, an estimation tool to analyze % degradation. Bacterial activity was also affected by various environmental factors like sunlight, temperature, oxygen etc.

scholarly journals Combining Culture-Dependent and Independent Approaches for the Optimization of Epoxiconazole and Fludioxonil-Degrading Bacterial Consortia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2109
Author(s):  
Diogo Alexandrino ◽  
Ana Mucha ◽  
Maria Paola Tomasino ◽  
C. Marisa R. Almeida ◽  
Maria Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bacterial Consortia ◽  
First Time ◽  
Culture Dependent

Epoxiconazole (EPO) and fludioxonil (FLU) are two widely used fluorinated pesticides known to be highly persistent and with high ecotoxicological potential, turning them into pollutants of concern. This work aimed to optimize two degrading bacterial consortia, previously obtained from an agricultural soil through enrichment with EPO and FLU, by characterizing the contribution of their corresponding bacterial isolates to the biodegradation of these pesticides using both culture-dependent and independent methodologies. Results showed that a co-culture of the strains Hydrogenophaga eletricum 5AE and Methylobacillus sp. 8AE was the most efficient in biodegrading EPO, being able to defluorinate ca. 80% of this pesticide in 28 days. This catabolic performance is likely the result of a commensalistic cooperation, in which H. eletricum may be the defluorinating strain and Methylobacillus sp. may assume an accessory, yet pivotal, catabolic role. Furthermore, 16S rRNA metabarcoding analysis revealed that these strains represent a minority in their original consortium, showing that the biodegradation of EPO can be driven by less abundant phylotypes in the community. On the other hand, none of the tested combinations of bacterial strains showed potential to biodegrade FLU, indicating that the key degrading strains were not successfully isolated from the original enrichment culture. Overall, this work shows, for the first time, the direct involvement of two bacterial species, namely H. eletricum and Methylobacillus sp., in the biodegradation of EPO, while also offering insight on how they might cooperate to accomplish this process. Moreover, the importance of adequate culture-dependent approaches in the engineering of microbial consortia for bioremediation purposes is also emphasized.

scholarly journals Glyphosate Utilization as the Source of Carbon: Isolation and Identification of new Bacteria

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1582-1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mohsen Nourouzi ◽  
T. G. Chuah ◽  
Thomas S. Y. Choong ◽  
C. J. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Providencia Alcalifaciens ◽  
Mixed Bacteria ◽  
Aminomethyl Phosphonic Acid

Mixed bacteria from oil palm plantation soil (OPS) were isolated to investigate their ability to utilize glyphosate as carbon source. Results showed that approximately all of the glyphosate was converted to aminomethyl-phosphonic acid (AMPA) (99.5%). It is worthy to note that mixed bacteria were able to degrade only 2% of AMPA to further metabolites. Two bacterial strainsi.e. Stenotrophomonas maltophiliaandProvidencia alcalifacienswere obtained from enrichment culture. Bacterial isolates were cultured individually on glyphosate as a sole carbon source. It was observed that both isolates were able to convert glyphosate to AMPA.

scholarly journals Characterizations of novel pesticide-degrading bacterial strains from industrial wastes found in the industrial cities of Pakistan and their biodegradation potential

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12211
Author(s):  
Noreen Asim ◽  
Mahreen Hassan ◽  
Farheen Shafique ◽  
Maham Ali ◽  
Hina Nayab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
16S Rrna Analysis ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Considerable Degradation ◽  
Different Strains

Background Lack of infrastructure for disposal of effluents in industries leads to severe pollution of natural resources in developing countries. These pollutants accompanied by solid waste are equally hazardous to biological growth. Natural attenuation of these pollutants was evidenced that involved degradation by native microbial communities. The current study encompasses the isolation of pesticide-degrading bacteria from the vicinity of pesticide manufacturing industries. Methods The isolation and identification of biodegrading microbes was done. An enrichment culture technique was used to isolate the selected pesticide-degrading bacteria from industrial waste. Results Around 20 different strains were isolated, among which six isolates showed significant pesticide biodegrading activity. After 16S rRNA analysis, two isolated bacteria were identified as Acinetobacter baumannii (5B) and Acidothiobacillus ferroxidans, and the remaining four were identified as different strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1A, 2B, 3C, 4D). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed their evolution from a common ancestor. All strains showed distinctive degradation ability up to 36 hours. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains 1A and 4D showed highest degradation percentage of about 80% for DDT, and P. aeruginosa strain 3C showed highest degradation percentage, i.e., 78% for aldrin whilst in the case of malathion, A. baumannii and A. ferroxidans have shown considerable degradation percentages of 53% and 54%, respectively. Overall, the degradation trend showed that all the selected strains can utilize the given pesticides as sole carbon energy sources even at a concentration of 50 mg/mL. Conclusion This study provided strong evidence for utilizing these strains to remove persistent residual pesticide; thus, it gives potential for soil treatment and restoration.

scholarly journals Mineralisation of natural rubber (poly cis 1-4 isoprene) by co-cultured bacterial strains isolated from rubber plantation area

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manasa Muralidharan ◽  
Veena Gayathri Krishnaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
16S R Rna ◽  
Physico Chemical

<p><strong>Objective:</strong> To isolate Natural Rubber degrading Bacterial co-cultures from rubber plantation soil and to characterize and identify the organisms by 16s r RNA sequencing.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Cocultures of the bacteria were isolated from the contaminated site by enrichment culture technique. Plate assay method and liquid assay method by using Mineral Salt Medium was followed for screening of bacteria for its capacity to mineralize Natural rubber. Degradation was confirmed by Spectrophotmetric and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) studies.Natural rubber degraded by the cocultures were studied at different concentrations and the physico-chemical analysis were optimized (pH, temperature, carbon and nitrogen sources)</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Isolated organism was identified as <em>Bacillus cohnii</em> and <em>Brevundimonas naejangsanensis</em>. The co-cultures were able to utilize the Natural rubber which was confirmed by Spectrophotometric and FTIR studies. From the current study it was evaluated that Natural rubber was mineralized up to 50 % where optimum concentration was 10 %.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> From current investigation, it can be concluded that our isolated bacterial cocultures <em>Bacillus cohnii</em> and <em>Brevundimonas naejangsanensis</em> have the capacity to mineralize Natural rubber and hence such isolated cocultures can be used in removal of from waste Natural rubber products in the environment.</p>

scholarly journals Molecular Diversity of Chlorpyrifos Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Apple Orchard Soils of Himachal Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anish Kumar Sharma ◽  
Jyotsana Pandit ◽  
Khyati Harkhani
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Orchard Soils

A total of seventy-two bacterial isolates were obtained employing enrichment culture technique from apple orchard soils contaminated with chlorpyrifos. Pure cultures of bacterial isolates were obtained using streak plate method on mineral salt medium. Bacterial isolates were characterized on the basis of morphology, culture and biochemical properties. Six bacterial isolates exhibited high extracellular organophosphorus hydrolase activity along with high tolerance towards high concentrations of chlorpyrifos. Genomic DNA extraction from bacterial isolates was done with phenol/chloroform method. Molecular Diversity of six chlorpyrifos degrading bacterial isolates was done employing RAPD-PCR technique by using 25 decamer primers, where amplification was showed by only 20 primers. A total of 337 amplified bands and 64 unique bands ranging in size from 100 to 4900bps were produced after RAPD analysis. The similarity coefficient estimated by Jaccard’s coefficient for these bacterial isolates was found to range between 31 to 64 percent.

scholarly journals Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Pesticide Degrading Bacteria in Polluted Soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kehinde Sowunmi ◽  
Suliat Morenike Shoga ◽  
Oluwabukola Mabel Adewunmi ◽  
Adewale Felix Oriyomi ◽  
Lukman Sowunmi
Keyword(s):  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Living System ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Quality Check ◽  
Pure Bacterial Cultures

AbstractPesticides are the substances for preventing, destroying, repelling any pest. Due to bulk handling or accidental release, they are accumulated in soil which leads to occasional entry into ecosystem that shows lethal effect on living system. An enrichment culture technique was used to isolate bacterial strains from organophosphate soil degrading high concentration of the selected pesticides. Five pure bacterial cultures were isolated. All five isolates were characterized on the basis of molecular and biochemical features like biodegradation test and substrate specificity, phosphate solubilization and screened for pesticide residue, pH, and extraction of DNA, quantity and quality check and salt tolerance. The organophosphate isolates were also tested for quantitative production. The screening of pesticide tolerance was done at for fungicides and insecticides.

STUDIES ON SOME BACTERIAL DISEASES IN OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO TREATMENT

2018 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Viola Zaki ◽  
Ahmed EL-gamal ◽  
Yasmin Reyad
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Total Prevalence

he present research carried out to study the common bacterial infections in Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) in Manzala area at Dakahlia governorate and possible antimicrobial agents used for treatment. A total number of 400 fish were randomly collected from Manzala private farms at Dakahlia governorate and subjected to the clinical, bacteriological and histopathological examination. The highest prevalence of bacterial isolates during the whole period of examination of naturally infected O.niloticus was recorded for A.hydrophila (22.66%), followed by V.alginolyticus (19.01%), V.parahemolyticus (13.80%), Streptococcus spp. (12.24%), A.caviae (11.72%), V.cholera (10.16%), A.salmonicida (7.55%), while the lowest prevalence was recorded for Klebsiella oxytoca (2.86%). The seasonal highest total prevalence of bacterial isolates from examined naturally infected O. niloticus was recorded in spring (30.21%), followed by autumn (28.39%), then summer (22.40%) and the lowest prevalence was recorded in winter (19.01%). Histopathological findings of the tissue samples which collected from different organs of naturally infected O.niloticus revealed that spleen show marked hemosiderosis and sever hemorrhage, gills showsever congestion of lamellar capillaries with marked aneurysm, necrosis and hemorrhage of lamellar epithelium and liver show sever hydropic degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, Ciprofloxacin was the most effective antibiotic against all isolated bacterial strains

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