scholarly journals Assessing the species diversity in non-conservation areas: A first systematically camera trapping survey in Batang Angkola Landscape, North Sumatra, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
Anton Ario ◽  
Sarmaidah Damanik ◽  
Ahsan Rabbani ◽  
Berto Dionisius Naibaho ◽  
Abdul Rojak Hasibuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Camera Trapping ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
North And South

Assessing the species diversity in non-conservation areas is crucial to understanding for conservation interventions and management. We used camera trapping to investigate the species diversity in the Batang Angkola Landscape in North Sumatra. The study on species diversity in the area was conducted in 5 months from February to June 2020. The aim of this study is to assess the species diversity in Batang Angkola landscape as a reference for the improvement of the management and policy with a special interest in proving the existence of wildlife species in the landscape. We compiled a species diversity, richness and evenness investigated conducted a test to Shannon wiener analyses. Based on 1,283 photograph at 60 camera traps stations during 2,923 trap days, we identified 27 different species (24 species are terrestrial mammals, 2 species are birds, and 1 species is reptile), including five classified as threatened according to the IUCN. Based on the calculation of the Relative Abundance Indices for each species per 100 trap days, pig-tailed macaque  had the highest RAI (3.63 photograph /100 trap days), followed by wild boar and muntjac were (1.33 and 1.27 photographed/100 traps days respectively). Based on Shannon Weiner analysis shows the analysis of species diversity (H), which showed that in the northern and southern areas it was moderate (2.40 and 2.45 respectively). The level of evenness between north and south areas shows high evenness (0.77 and 0.79 respectively). The level of species richness between north and south shows moderate to high levels in the two areas (3.95 and 4.42 respectively). Our findings suggest that Batang Angkola Landscape supports a high species richness. Continued survey efforts need to be combined with detailed ecological data collection and effective management in the region.Menilai keanekaragaman spesies di kawasan non-konservasi sangat penting untuk memahami upaya pengelolaan dan intervensi konservasi. Kami menggunakan camera trap untuk menyelidiki keanekaragaman spesies di Bentang Alam Batang Angkola di Sumatera Utara. Kajian keanekaragaman jenis di kawasan ini dilakukan selama 5 bulan dari Februari hingga Juni 2020. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji keanekaragaman jenis di bentang alam Batang Angkola sebagai acuan perbaikan tata kelola dan kebijakan, spesifik pada membuktikan keberadaan spesies satwa liar. Data keanekaragaman spesies, kekayaan dan kemerataan yang kami kumpulkan, dianalisis dengan Shannon wiener. Berdasarkan 1.283 foto di 60 stasiun perangkap kamera selama 2.923 hari rekam, kami mengidentifikasi 27 spesies berbeda (24 spesies mamalia darat, 2 spesies burung, dan 1 spesies reptil), termasuk lima jenis yang diklasifikasikan sebagai satwa terancam menurut IUCN. Berdasarkan perhitungan Indeks Kelimpahan Relatif untuk setiap spesies per 100 hari rekam, beruk memiliki RAI tertinggi (3,63 foto / 100 hari rekam), disusul babi hutan dan kijang (masing-masing 1,33 dan 1,27 foto / 100 hari rekam). Berdasarkan analisis Shannon-Weiner untuk keanekaragaman jenis (H) menunjukkan bahwa di wilayah utara dan selatan dalam kategori sedang (masing-masing 2,40 dan 2,45). Tingkat kemerataan antara wilayah utara dan selatan menunjukkan tingkat kategori kemerataan yang tinggi (masing-masing 0,77 dan 0,79). Tingkat kekayaan spesies antara utara dan selatan menunjukkan kategori tingkat sedang hingga tinggi di kedua wilayah tersebut (masing-masing 3,95 dan 4,42). Temuan kami menunjukkan bahwa Bentang Alam Batang Angkola mendukung kekayaan spesies yang tinggi. Upaya survey lanjutan perlu digabungkan dengan pengumpulan data ekologi yang terperinci dan pengelolaan yang efektif di wilayah tersebut.

scholarly journals Survey of large and medium-sized terrestrial mammals in the Serra do Brigadeiro State Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Check List ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Valle Nunes ◽  
Leandro Moraes Scoss ◽  
Maressa Rocha Prado ◽  
Gisele Mendes Lessa
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Camera Trapping ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Canis Lupus Familiaris ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Monitoring Programs

The aim of this study was to survey the species of large and medium-sized terrestrial mammals occurring at Serra do Brigadeiro State Park (SBSP). Data was compiled from two studies carried out in 2008. Data was collected through sand plots and camera traps. Thirteen species were recorded, one that had not been registered before (Leopardus wiedii) and one exotic (Canis lupus familiaris). Species richness estimate for camera trapping was 13.53±1.75. For the sand plots, estimate was lower (9±1.73 species). The low number of inventories focusing on large and medium-sized terrestrial mammals in the Mantiqueira region of the Atlantic forest and the presence of the domestic dogs within the Park limits emphasizes the need for monitoring programs to identify the major threats to preserved areas in the region.

Biodiversity, conservation, and hotspot atlas of Costa Rica:  a dung beetle perspective (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1457 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
BERT KOHLMANN ◽  
ÁNGEL SOLÍS ◽  
ORTWIN ELLE ◽  
XINIA SOTO ◽  
RICARDO RUSSO
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Different Levels

This paper is an analysis of the distribution of areas of high species richness and endemicity based on dung beetles living in the different Holdridge life-zones of Costa Rica by using a geographic information system (GIS). Endemism was examined in relation to whether the species were shared with Nicaragua and/or Panama, or if they were strictly Costa Rican. The species composition of dung beetle distributions in the sampling areas and life-zones was evaluated. Species distribution was also analyzed in relation to altitudinal levels. The species richness and endemicity maps served as a base for doing a gap analysis and defining four different levels of high priority conservation areas. We also investigated what percentage of these priority areas is under some type of protection or conservation scheme and which of these areas should be enlarged. Also considered is the feasibility that these areas under protection have for enlargement, considering possible problems and interactions with present land-use. We include a list of all the recorded dung beetle species for Costa Rica, as well as their presence in the different Holdridge life-zones and their endemicity status. This study clearly demonstrates the need to include insects in biodiversity-endemicity studies because different and more detailed results are obtained in relation to vertebrate and plant-based studies.

scholarly journals Wildlife inventory from camera-trapping surveys in the Azores (Pico and Terceira islands)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Lamelas-Lopez ◽  
Xose Pardavila ◽  
Isabel Amorim ◽  
Paulo Borges
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Camera Trapping ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Cory’S Shearwater ◽  
Native Birds ◽  
The Impact

The present publication provides a dataset from five camera-trapping sampling campaigns on two islands of the Azorean archipelago (Pico and Terceira islands), between 2013-2018. This dataset was obtained as a by-product of campaigns designed for different purposes. The sampling campaigns were designed to: (i) study the ecology of introduced mammals; (ii) assess the impact of introduced mammals on native birds (Azores woodpigeon - Columba palumbus azorica and Cory's shearwater - Calonectris diomeda borealis), through nest predation; and (iii) obtain information about the impact of vertebrates on agricultural systems, particularly on Azorean traditional vineyards. A total of 258 sites and 47 nests were sampled using camera traps. These sampling campaigns provided a large data series that allowed the creation of a vertebrate wildlife inventory. We obtained a total of 102,095 camera-trap records, which allowed us to to identify 30 species of vertebrates: one amphibian, one reptile, 17 birds and ten mammal species. This represented 100% of the amphibians and terrestrial mammals, 58% of the breeding birds and 50% of the reptile species known for Pico and/or Terceira islands. Concerning the colonisation status of the species, we recorded 15 indigenous (native non-endemic or endemic) and three introduced bird species; all known terrestrial amphibians, reptiles and mammals in the Azores are introduced species. The data collected contribute to increasing knowledge on the distribution of vertebrate species on Pico and Terceira islands, where most existing records of some species were only available to Island level (e.g. mustelids and hedgehogs). None of the identified species was previously unknown to the study area.

scholarly journals Differences of terrestrial mammal species diversity between natural forest and edge forest areas in Batutegi Protected Forest, Lampung, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Robithotul Huda ◽  
Yossa Istiadi ◽  
Dolly Priatna
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Grid Cell ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
The Core ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Muntiacus Muntjak

This research is an explorative quantitative survey by testing differences in species of terrestrial mammals found in natural forest (core) and edge forest (ecoton) areas. The data collection was obtained by using camera traps installed for 3 months based on a grid cell 2 x 2 km, with a total of 16 camera traps placed in core area and another 17 were in ecotone. The object of this research was medium (0.3 kg) to large terrestrial mammals. The t test was used to determine the differences the species diversity of mammals between two research areas. The study shows that there are 22 species of terrestrial mammals with a total of 552 individuals, which is distributed in both research areas. In the core area there are 18 species with 237 individuals, while in the ecotone there are 18 species with 315 individuals. Analyses the species richness index was 17.8171 for the core area while 17.8262 for the ecotone area. Similarity index in both study areas ranged from 0.7106 to 1. While the value of diversity index (Shannon-Wiener) in the core area H '= 2.2038 and in the ecotone area H' = 2.0541. Three species with the greatest relative abundance values are Porcupine (Hystrix brachyura), Barking Deer (Muntiacus muntjak), and Wild Boar (Sus scrofa). Based on the t tests of the two research areas, which are core area and ecotone, obtained tcount 0.41365 (p 0.05), it can be interpreted that the diversity of terrestrial mammals species in the core and ecotone areas is not the same.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif survei eksploratif dengan melakukan pengujian perbedaan terhadap jenis mamalia teresterial yang ditemukan di wilayah hutan alam (inti) dan wilayah hutan tepi (ekoton). Pendataan mamalia teresterial menggunakan camera trap yang dipasang selama 3 bulan berdasarkan grid cell 2 x 2 km, dengan 16 camera trap dipasang di areal inti dan 17 lainnya di ekoton. Objek penelitian adalah mamalia teresterial berukuran sedang (0,3 kg) hingga mamalia besar. Uji t digunakan untuk menentukan perbadaan keragaman jenis mamalia teresterial pada dua areal penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 22 jenis mamalia teresterial dengan total 552 individu, yang tersebar di kedua areal penelitian. Pada areal inti terdapat 18 jenis dengan 237 individu, sedangkan pada areal ekoton ditemukan 18 jenis dengan 315 individu. Analisis indeks kekayaaan jenis menunjukkan nilai 17,8171 untuk areal inti dan 17,8262 untuk areal ekoton. Indeks kemerataan pada kedua areal penelitian berkisar antara 0,7106 hingga 1.  Sedangkan nilai indeks keragaman (Shannon-Wiener) pada areal inti H’ = 2,2038 dan pada areal ekoton H’= 2,0541. Tiga jenis mamalia teresterial dengan kelimpahan relatif terbesar yaitu Landak (Hystrix brachyura), Kijang (Muntiacus muntjak), dan Babi hutan (Sus scrofa). Berdasarkan uji beda terhadap dua areal penelitian yaitu areal hutan alam (areal inti) dan areal tepi hutan (ekoton) didapatkan thitung 0,41365 (p 0,05), maka dapat diartikan bahwa keragaman jenis mamalia teresterial di areal inti dan ekoton tidak sama.

scholarly journals Applying camera traps to detect and monitor introduced mammals on oceanic islands

Oryx ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Lucas Lamelas-López ◽  
Iván Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Camera Trapping ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Survey Technique

Abstract The introduction of mammal predators has been a major cause of species extinctions on oceanic islands. Eradication is only possible or cost-effective at early stages of invasion, before introduced species become abundant and widespread. Although prevention, early detection and rapid response are the best management strategies, most oceanic islands lack systems for detecting, responding to and monitoring introduced species. Wildlife managers require reliable information on introduced species to guide, assess and adjust management actions. Thus, a large-scale and long-term monitoring programme is needed to evaluate the management of introduced species and the protection of native wildlife. Here, we evaluate camera trapping as a survey technique for detecting and monitoring introduced small and medium-sized terrestrial mammals on an oceanic island, Terceira (Azores). Producing an inventory of introduced mammals on this island required a sampling effort of 465 camera-trap days and cost EUR 2,133. We estimated abundance and population trends by using photographic capture rates as a population index. We also used presence/absence data from camera-trap surveys to calculate detection probability, estimated occupancy rate and the sampling effort needed to determine species absence. Although camera trapping requires large initial funding, this is offset by the relatively low effort for fieldwork. Our findings demonstrate that camera trapping is an efficient survey technique for detecting and monitoring introduced species on oceanic islands. We conclude by proposing guidelines for designing monitoring programmes for introduced species.

scholarly journals Community structure and diversity of tropical forest mammals: data from a global camera trap network

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1578) ◽  
pp. 2703-2711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Ahumada ◽  
Carlos E. F. Silva ◽  
Krisna Gajapersad ◽  
Chris Hallam ◽  
Johanna Hurtado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Camera Trapping ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Terrestrial Mammal ◽  
Mammal Communities

Terrestrial mammals are a key component of tropical forest communities as indicators of ecosystem health and providers of important ecosystem services. However, there is little quantitative information about how they change with local, regional and global threats. In this paper, the first standardized pantropical forest terrestrial mammal community study, we examine several aspects of terrestrial mammal species and community diversity (species richness, species diversity, evenness, dominance, functional diversity and community structure) at seven sites around the globe using a single standardized camera trapping methodology approach. The sites—located in Uganda, Tanzania, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Suriname, Brazil and Costa Rica—are surrounded by different landscape configurations, from continuous forests to highly fragmented forests. We obtained more than 51 000 images and detected 105 species of mammals with a total sampling effort of 12 687 camera trap days. We find that mammal communities from highly fragmented sites have lower species richness, species diversity, functional diversity and higher dominance when compared with sites in partially fragmented and continuous forest. We emphasize the importance of standardized camera trapping approaches for obtaining baselines for monitoring forest mammal communities so as to adequately understand the effect of global, regional and local threats and appropriately inform conservation actions.

scholarly journals POTENSI IKAN KARANG DI PERAIRAN PESISIR NEGERI HUKURILA, KECAMATAN LEITIMUR SELATAN KOTA AMBON

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
Dicky Sahetapy ◽  
Debby Selanno ◽  
Novianty Tuhumury
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Underwater Visual Census ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Reef Fish Species ◽  
High Species Richness

The Study was conducted on April to May 2019 in the coastal waters of Hukurila village, Leitimur Selatan District of Ambon city with the aims to analyzed taxon composition, species diversity, density, standing stock, potency of target species  and status of reef fish. Reef fish data were collected at four reef stations using UVC method. The result showed that there were 192 species of reef fish inhabit coral reef of Hukurila village. Pomacentridae, Labridae and Chaetodontidae have high species richness, while other seven families have low species richness. Relative diversity of reef fish in the study area can be classified in poor to moderate category, and the estimated number of species of reef fish was 369 species. Species diversity of reef fish is high, with low species dominance  in the community and species evenness of reef fish in their community is in stable condition. Density of reef fish between reef station ranged of 2.9-4.0 ind. m-2. Furthermore, the standing stock of reef fish ranged of 28,840-40,400 ind.ha-1 and biomass of target reef fish species ranged of 1.67-5.14 (± 3.53) tons ha-1 of coral reefs. Status of reef fish in the coral reef of Hukurila village belong to high category. ABSTRAK Penelitian dilakukan dari April sampai Mei 2019 di perairan pesisir Negeri Hukurila, Kecamatan Leitimur Selatan Kota Ambon dengan tujuan menganalisis komposisi taksa, diversitas spesies, densitas, sediaan cadang, potensi ikan karang spesies target dan status ikan karang. Data ikan karang dikumpulkan dari 4 stasiun dengan metode underwater visual census (UVC). Ditemukan 192 spesies ikan karang Menempati terumbu karang Hukurila. Famili Pomacentridae, Labridae, Chaetodontidae memiliki kekayaan spesies tinggi, sementara tujuh famili memiliki kekayaan spesies rendah. Diversitas relatif ikan karang di areal studi termasuk  kategori miskin hingga moderat, dan diestimasi jumlah spesies ikan karang pada habitat terumbu Negeri Hukurila sebanyak 369 spesies. Diversitas spesies ikan karang tinggi, dengan dominansi spesies rendah dalam komunitas dan keserasian spesies ikan karang dalam kondisi Stabil. Densitas ikan karang antara stasiun terumbu berkisar antara 2.9 - 4.0 ind/m2. Sediaan cadang ikan karang antara stasiun terumbu berkisar antara 28.840 - 40.400 ind/ha dan potensi spesies target berkisar 1,67-5,14 (± 3,53) ton/ha terumbu karang. Kondisi ikan karang di terumbu Negeri Hukurila termasuk kategori tinggi. Kata kunci:   Ikan karang, keanekaragaman spesies, kepadatan, sediaan cadang, potensi

scholarly journals Riqueza de especies y abundancia de mamíferos en el Centro de Rescate y Refugio de Vida Silvestre Valle Alto, provincia de Manabí (Ecuador)

2019 ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Ramón Horacio Zambrano ◽  
Victor Alfonso Centeno ◽  
Carlos Solórzano ◽  
Sofía Crespo Gascón ◽  
José Guerrero Casado
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Dasypus Novemcinctus ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Leopardus Pardalis ◽  
Wildlife Refuge ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Coast Region

Species richness and abundance of mammals in the Valle Alto Wildlife Rescue Centre and Wildlife Refuge, province of Manabí (Ecuador) Resumen Las poblaciones de mamíferos de la Región Costa de Ecuador han sido principalmente estudiadas dentro de las áreas protegidas, y son escasos los estudios realizados fuera de sus límites. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la riqueza de mamíferos en el Centro de Rescate y Refugio de Vida Silvestre Valle Alto en la provincia de Manabí mediante el uso de cámaras de foto-trampeo (168 noches/trampa en dos años) y transectos a pie para observaciones directas de los animales arborícolas. Las cámaras registraron 14 especies, y otras 4 especies fueron avistadas directamente. De estas 18 especies, 5 se encuentran amenazadas de extinción en Ecuador (a nivel nacional) según criterios de la UICN, y 4 casi amenazadas. Además, algunas de las especies registradas, como el yaguarundí (Herpailurus yagouaroundi), el perro de Sechura (Lycalopex sechurae), el margay (Leopardus wiedii) o el perezoso de dos dedos (Choloepus hoffmanni) cuentan con pocos registros en la región Costa. Las especies más abundantes fueron el armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus), el guatuso (Dasyprocta punctata) y el ocelote (Leopardus pardalis). Estos datos sugieren que los bosques fuera de las áreas protegidas pueden albergar una importante comunidad de mamíferos incluyendo especies catalogadas como amenazadas, y su preservación es necesaria para asegurar la conservación de la fauna silvestre a nivel nacional. Palabras clave: cámaras trampas; mamíferos terrestres; diversidad de especies; fauna silvestre. Abstract The mammals populations of the Coast Region of Ecuador have been mainly studied inside of protected areas, and very few studies have been conducted out of their limits. This work shows the mammals species richness in the Valle Alto Wildlife Rescue Centre and Wildlife Refuge located in the Manabí province using camera traps (168 nights/traps in two years) and walking transects to detect arboreal mammals by direct observations. The camera traps recorded 14 species, and others 4 species were directly observed. Of this 14 species, 5 are classified as threatened to extinction in Ecuador (at national scale) according to the IUCN criteria, and 4 of them are listed as near threatened. Moreover, some of the recorded species, such as the Sechuran fox (Lycalopex sechurae), the jaguarondi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi), the margay (Leopardus wiedii) or the brown-throated Sloth (Choloepus hoffmanni), have few records in the Coast Region of Ecuador. The most abundant species were the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus), the agouti (Dasyprocta punctata) and the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis). These results suggest that forests not included in the protected areas can harbour an important community of mammals including threatened species, and therefore its preservation is also necessary in order to conserve the wildlife species at a national scale. Keywords: camera traps; terrestrial mammals; species diversity, wildlife.

scholarly journals Gastropod Community In The Intertidal Of Likupang Coast, Kampung Ambon, East Likupang District, North Minahasa Regency

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Evelina Hermanses ◽  
Jety K Rangan ◽  
Alex D Kambey
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Evenness ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Gastropod Species ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Coral Sand ◽  
Density Analysis ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Richness Index

This study was aimed at finding Gastropod species and studying the community structure in the coastal area of Kampung Ambon, Likupang, through species density, diversity, evenness and dominance analyses. It was carried out in August 2017. The study employed transect method with quadrats by placing the on the area covered with coral-sand mix substrates. Density analysis found total numbers of 168 individuals with mean density of 7 ind/m². Spesies of the highest indiviual numbers was Cypraea annulus with a total of 98 individuals. Species diversity (H’) was 0.632773. This value reflects that the species diversity is moderate. Species richness index was R ˃ 4 reflecting that there is high species richness. Species evenness index was ˃ 0,5 meaning that the gastropods in the area are sufficiently even. Dominance index ranged from 0.27 to 0.47 indicating no species dominance in the study site.Key Words : Gastropod,  density, diversity, evenness, dominance ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari jenis-jenis gastropoda apa saja yang ditemukan dan mempelajari struktur komunitas melalui analisis kepadatan, keanekaragaman, kekayaan, kemerataan, dan dominasi spesies di daerah intertidal perairan Kampung Ambong Likupang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2017.  menempatkan  pada  satu  macam   habitat   yaitu  kawasan   yang didominasi oleh substrat karang yang bercampur pasir. Hasil analisis kepadatan menunjukkan bahwa di ketiga transek pengamatan jumlah individu yang diperoleh berjumlah 168 individu dengan kepadatan rata-rata per kuadrat 7 ind/m². Spesies dengan individu yang terbanyak adalah Cypraea annulus dengan jumlah individu sebanyak 98 individu. Keanekaragaman spesies yang diperoleh yaitu H’ = 0.632773. Nilai ini tergolong pada tingkat keanekaragaman sedang. Indeks kekayaan diperoleh nilai R ˃ 4, kriteria ini tergolong pada indeks kekayaan yang tinggi. Indeks kemerataan spesies diperoleh nilai ˃ 0,5 yang berarti spesies yang ada cukup merata, dan indeks dominasi diperoleh pada kisaran 0,27 – 0,47 yang menunjukkan tidak ada dominansi spesies di lokasi penelitian.Kata Kunci : Gastropoda, kepadatan, keanekaragaman, kekayaan, dominasi

scholarly journals A comparison of eDNA to camera trapping for assessment of terrestrial mammal diversity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Leempoel ◽  
Trevor Hebert ◽  
Elizabeth A. Hadly
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Camera Trapping ◽  
Taxonomic Resolution ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Terrestrial Mammal ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Frequent Monitoring ◽  
Terrestrial Environments

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) is one of the most promising approaches to meet the demand for the fast and frequent monitoring of ecosystems needed to tackle the current decline in biodiversity. However, before eDNA can establish itself as a robust alternative for mammal monitoring, comparison with existing approaches is necessary, yet has not been done. Moreover, much is unknown regarding the nature, spread and persistence of DNA shed by animals into terrestrial environments, or the optimal experimental design for understanding these potential biases.To address some of these challenges, we compared the detection of terrestrial mammals using eDNA analysis of soil samples against confirmed species observations from a long-term (∼9-yr) camera trapping study. At the same time, we considered multiple experimental parameters, including two sampling designs, two DNA extraction kits and two metabarcodes of different sizes.All mammals consistently recorded with cameras were detected in eDNA. In addition, eDNA reported many small mammals not recorded by camera traps, but whose presence in the study area is otherwise documented. A long metabarcode (≈220bp) offering a high taxonomic resolution, achieved a similar efficiency as a shorter one (≈70bp) and a phosphate buffer-based extraction gave similar results as a total DNA extraction method for a fraction of the price. Our results support that eDNA-based monitoring should become a valuable part of terrestrial mammal surveys. Yet, the lack of coverage of mammal mitochondrial genomes in public databases must be addressed before eDNA can be used to its full potential.

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