scholarly journals Recovery of the country’s economy from recession to stable growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-131
Author(s):  
Borys DUNAEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Net Income ◽  
The Government ◽  
Stable Growth

Since 2008 the economies of highly developed countries have not been able to get out of the financial crisis in twelve years, and have been in a state of depression and teetered on the brink of deflation. This crisis coincided in 2020 with the onset of the global recession in real gross domestic product (GDP) caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The state of the economy in Ukraine requires looking for ways and tools to overcome the crisis in the decline in GDP in the face of population decline and the ongoing global crisis. The growth of the Ukrainian economy is constrained by the tax burden, external debt and insufficient investment in productive capital. To ensure the stable development of the country’s economy, government regulation of the expanded reproduction of capital, which is available and which works in the manufacturing sector, is necessary. The main source of investment in the manufacturing sector is depreciation deductions from capital involved in production. With investments that are less than depreciation, only a narrowed reproduction of capital is possible, that is, capital is consumed. Anyone who uses depreciation deductions for other purposes destroys their own production. Investments in excess of depreciation charges are possible if there is a net investment. The government should regulate net investment at the rate of net income through incentive taxation. The capital that operates in the manufacturing sector can be regulated by the coefficient of consumer demand through existing incentives. With expanded reproduction of capital, inflationary self-regulation of market equilibrium through the central bank’s money circulation system and the rate of tax on production income, which is not more than the optimal rate, ensure constant growth of real GDP. Achieving the goal of overcoming the recession with the subsequent stable growth of GDP is possible with a state policy based on the current laws of the economy and private property rights.

The Current State and Development Prospects of Self-Regulation in the Russian Construction Industry

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Belova ◽  
L. G. Vorona-Slivinskaya ◽  
E. V. Voskresenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Insurance Contracts ◽  
Construction Design ◽  
State Register ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Government ◽  
Development Prospects

The presented study aims to examine the current state and development prospects of self-regulation in the Russian construction industry.Aim. The study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the current state and development prospects of self-regulation as an institution of public administration, identify the problems of self-regulation in the construction industry, and formulate proposals on solving the identified problems.Tasks. The authors complete the following tasks to achieve the set aim: examine the regulatory framework of the activities of self-regulatory organizations in the construction industry — construction, design, and engineering surveying; analyze the current state and positive trends of self-regulation in the field of construction; identify problems in the activities of self-regulatory organizations in the construction industry — construction, design, and engineering surveying — and development prospects of the examined alternative to government regulation.Methods. The methodological basis of the study comprises the fundamental provisions of the modern economic theory, theories of public and municipal administration and legal sciences. The information base includes regulatory and legal acts of the Russian Federation on self-regulation in the construction industry, data from the State Register of Self-Regulatory Organizations, and statistics in the field of construction.Results. At the current stage of development of self-regulation in the construction industry, the most efficient mechanism for this institution involves guaranteed compensation for damage caused due to shortcomings in the works and services during construction, renovation, capital repairs of construction objects, engineering surveying, design. The victims should be compensated not out of insurance payments under civil insurance contracts, but rather out of the compensation funds of self-regulatory organizations.Conclusion. This study makes it possible to assess the institution of self-regulation in the construction industry — construction, design, and engineering surveying — as an efficient institution for proper protection of the interests of consumers of construction works and services and those of the government. 

The Supreme Court's ‘Return’ to Economic Regulation

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 91-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Fourteenth Amendment ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Government ◽  
Substantive Reason

There is a standard historical lore of the Supreme Court's role in the economy and it runs as follows. The due process clause, like the rest of the Fourteenth Amendment, was enacted after the Civil War to help blacks. The Supreme Court proceeded to empty the amendment of its protections for minorities and then, from the turn of the century on, used the due process clause to protect business from government regulation. It did so (1) by interpreting the word person in the amendment to include the corporation and (2) by finding that the clause not only for-bade the government from interfering with private property unless it followed fair procedures, but also forbade the government to do so unless it had a good, substantive reason. Substantive due process meant that no statute regulating property was constitutional unless it was reasonable, and the Court was the final arbiter of reasonableness. The Court's approach to reasonableness was that free market laissez-faire was the rule, and government regulation the exception.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN PPH BADAN FINAL BERDASARKAN PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NO. 46 TAHUN 2013 PADA CV. YELLOW DUCK BANJARBARU

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudi Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Tax Amnesty ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Come

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of the final corporate income tax based on Government Regulation no. 46 of 2013 on the CV. Yellow Duck Banjarbaru. This research uses descriptive data analysis method. Research conducted by the authors to give the conclusion, that: the implementation of Final Income Tax by Government Regulation No. 46 of 2013 on the CV. Yellow Duck Banjarbaru, concludes that: New tariff calculation based on PP. 46 of 2013 there is no need for fiscal correction, because the calculation is not from net income, but from gross income. So hopefully in the future, from the results of research provide input on the CV. Yellow Duck, to apply and make payments in the years to come. Implementation of the final corporate income tax based on Government Regulation no. 46 of 2013 on the CV. Yellow Duck Banjarbaru with annual gross turnover of less than Rp. 4.800.000.000, - that is Rp. 2.283.408.000, - in the period of 2016 with the rate of Corporate Tax 1% then obtained the total value of corporate income amounting to Rp. 22.834.080, -. While the tax amnesty is the government policy given to taxpayers about forgiveness / forgiveness of taxes, and in exchange for the pardon the taxpayer is required to pay the ransom, obtained the value of corporate tax on the basis of tax amnesty rate of 0.5% with less gross revenue Rp. 4.800.000.000, - on the CV. Yellow Duck period 2016 is Rp. 11.417.040, -.Keywords: PP 46 Year 2013, Corporate Income, CV. Yellow DuckAbstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis penerapan PPh badan final berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 46 Tahun 2013 pada CV. Yellow Duck Banjarbaru. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data metode deskriftif. Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh penulis memberikan kesimpulan, bahwa: penerapan PPh Badan Final berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 46 Tahun 2013 pada CV. Yellow Duck Banjarbaru, memberikan kesimpulan bahwa: Perhitungan tarif baru berdasarkan PP No. 46 tahun 2013 tidak perlu dilakukan koreksi fiskal, karena perhitungannya bukan dari laba bersih, melainkan dari peredaran bruto. Sehingga diharapkan kedepannya, dari hasil penelitian memberikan masukan pada pihak CV. Yellow Duck, untuk diterapkan dan dilakukan pembayaran pada tahun-tahun kedepannya. Penerapan PPh badan final berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 46 Tahun 2013 pada CV. Yellow Duck Banjarbaru dengan nilai peredaran bruto per tahun perusahaan kurang dari Rp. 4.800.000.000,- yaitu sebesar Rp. 2.283.408.000,- pada periode tahun 2016 dengan tarif PPh Badan 1% maka diperoleh nilai total PPh Badan sebesar Rp. 22.834.080,-. Sementara dengan adanya tax amnesty yaitu kebijakan pemerintah yang diberikan kepada pembayar pajak tentang forgiveness/ pengampunan pajak, dan sebagai ganti atas pengampunan tersebut pembayar pajak diharuskan untuk membayar uang tebusan, diperoleh nilai PPh Badan berdasarkan tarif tax amnesty 0,5% dengan peredaran bruto kurang dari Rp. 4.800.000.000,- pada CV. Yellow Duck periode 2016 adalah sebesar Rp. 11.417.040,-.Kata kunci : Peraturan Pemerintah 46 Tahun 2013, Penerpan PPh Badan, CV. Yellow Duck

scholarly journals DAMPAK PERLAKUAN PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMOR 46 TAHUN 2013 ATAS PAJAK PENGHASILAN PADA UMKM DI GRESIK

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Faiqotul Ilmia ◽  
Sri Andriani
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Government ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

In achieving the desired development by Indonesia, the government requires revenue from the State Tax Revenue and Non-Tax Revenues. One of the efforts undertaken by the Directorate General of Taxation (DGT) is enacted Government Regulation No. 46 of 2013, the tax base used is the gross turnover of each month at 1 % final income tax rates. The emergence of these regulations is to provide convenience for taxpayers in determining the amount of income tax payable, but enactment of these rules in the middle of giving trouble for taxpayers in the calculation, depositing and reporting taxes for the year 2013. Purpose of this study was to determine the impact of treatment of PP 46 of 2013 on income tax on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Gresik skull cap industry. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach with the aim of obtaining a picture of the object that is easily observed in the form of words on the focus of research on the impact of the enactment of Regulation 46 of 2013. The 3 (three) object of research is no skull cap Industry SMEs in Gresik . Data analysis aims to simplify the data processed, making it easy to read and interpret. Data were collected by means of observation, interviews, documentation. Analysis of the data through three stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The results showed that the enactment of Regulation 46 of 2013 not only creates difficulties in terms of computation, depositing and reporting just as effective mid-year, but still there who do not know the regulations in terms of both has been the enactment of these regulations and in terms of the calculation mechanism. As for other effects of the government’s enactment of legislation, namely the amount of income tax payable is higher than the income tax calculations using norm bookkeeping or net income.

scholarly journals Wages versus Fringe Benefits in the Large-scale Manufacturing Sector of Pakistan

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1385-1397
Author(s):  
Zafar Mahmood ◽  
Mohammad Ali Qasim
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Fringe Benefits ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Labour Unions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Old Age Benefits

In pursuit of its labour welfare policy and to provide protection against certain contingencies, the government plays a crucial role in introducing and encouraging the payment of fringe benefits.l The proportion of total remunerations which make up fringe benefits is influenced by preferential treatment under income tax laws.2 For example, social security and employee's old-age benefits schemes are financed, respectively, t~ough contributions by the employers at 7 percent and 5 percent of the wages of secured workers. These expenses are reduced if an employer pays more in the form of fringe benefits than wages. Some other gains, including reduction in labour turnover, increase in labour productivity and creation of a favourable public image of the enterprise encourage employers to offer fringe benefits rather than wages. On the other hand, interests of labour unions are to protect or to get an increase in thcic total pay package. Workers will prefer fringe benefits if, with their introduction, net income rises and savings are made by group purchases of some benefits. Thus, these benefits affect decision of labour supply and demand, and enhance welfare.

scholarly journals Analysis on the Ecological Basis of Resource Recycling

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Liu ◽  
Yufeng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Hierarchy Theory ◽  
Ecological Civilization ◽  
Industry Development ◽  
Recycling Industry ◽  
Resource Recycling ◽  
Ecological Theories ◽  
The Government ◽  
Resource Circulation

Resource recycling is one of the most important content of ecological civilization construction in China, which is beneficial to reduce the overuse of primary resources exploitation, to reduce the environmental pollutions during the process of resource extraction and waste disposal, and to realize the sustainable development of human economy and society. Resource recycling is a reflection of ecological economic development. Ecology provides a theoretical support for the resource circulation industry development. The ecological theories have played a guiding role. However, there are not enough academic researches to systematically summarize and analyze the relation and connection between ecology and resource recycling. Therefore, we based on the ecological theories to analyze the theoretical basis and application for resources recycling. The results showed that the ecological threshold theory, ecological balance theory, Overall hierarchy theory, the food chain (web) theory, niche theory and so on can be used to explain the resource circulation system such as resources recycling building concepts, resources recycling industry development foundation and the government's role in promoting resources circulation process. Based on the application of ecological theory for constructing the resource circulation system, further analysis of the scientific laws for the government regulation may help understand the concept of resource circulation and essence of circular economic system operation.

scholarly journals Self-regulation of pharmaceutical activity in Ukraine: opinion of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Б. П. Громовик ◽  
О. Б. Панькевич ◽  
Г. І. Білущак
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Pharmacy Technicians ◽  
The Government

The Sustainable Development Goals for 2016–2030, approved in September 2015 at the United Nations Summit, are possible only if the institution of self-regulation of pharmaceutical activities (SRFD) is built and further effective cooperation of public authorities with self-regulatory pharmaceutical organizations (SRPhO). The results of the study of sources of scientific literature show that various aspects of the formation of SRPhA in Ukraine have been studied by a number of domestic researchers. Despite this, a number of little-studied and debatable issues remain that require further research. The aim of the work was to study the opinion of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians on the understanding of the essence and necessity of introducting SRPhA in Ukraine, their readiness to become members of SRPhO. To reach this goal, the following methods were used: questionnaires, mathematical statistics, generalization and interpretation of results. The primary data were taken from 894 questionnaires, 827 of qualitatively completed face-to-face and part-time questionnaires were selected and processed, they were conducted in the majority (16 out of 25) of regions controlled by the Government of Ukraine. According to the results of a questionnaire survey of pharmaceutical specialists (PhS), including 67.1% of pharmacists and 32.9% of pharmacy technicians, the respondents' level of acquaintance with the basic principles of self-regulation of certain markets is extremely low: 17.7% among pharmacists and 15.1% among pharmacy technicians. Nevertheless, 38.2% of the surveyed pharmacists and 36.8% of other respondents have a positive attitude to the possibility of SRPhA, the principle of obligation of which for all market participants was fully supported by 14.0% of pharmacists and 16.2% of pharmacy technicians. Instead, almost two-thirds of respondents (64.5% and 62.9% of the relevant groups) believe that only pharmaceutical specialists can be members of the SRPhO, and 25.4% of pharmacists and 21.3% of pharmacy technicians are willing to become its members voluntarily. Thus, found the similarities of both groups of PhS regarding their familiarity with the basic principles of self-regulation of individual markets, their attitude to the possibility and binding nature of SRPhA, membership in the SRPhO and attitude to this membership. At the same time, the survey showed their insufficient understanding of the essence and necessity of SRPhA implementation. Given the development of SRPhA in well-developed countries and it’s nurturing at the legislative level of Ukraine, there is a need to promote the idea of SRPhA among PhS and contact audiences, which are endowed with control functions, and those who do not have such functions.

scholarly journals Problems of the impact of the demographic crisis in Japan on the economic security of the country

2019 ◽  
pp. 130-137
Author(s):  
Петр Кобец ◽  
Petr Kobec ◽  
Игорь Ильин ◽  
Igor' Il'in
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The Future ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The object of the study was the processes associated with the coming demographic crisis in Japan. The relevance of the work is justified by the findings of the last census of the population of Japan in 2015, which showed that in five years the number of residents decreased by 0.8%. The analysis carried out by the team of authors allowed us to suggest that as the population of the country gets older, and the younger generation gives birth to children less and later, a demographic crisis is inevitably approaching in the country. On the basis of the study, the team came to the conclusion that the driving forces of demographic processes are changes in the field of migration and fertility. The authors believe that the decline in fertility in Japan is unprecedented in many respects and raises concerns about the future of the country. Currently, Japan is the tenth most populated country. However, among the 20 economically developed countries, it is the only country whose population has been declining since 2010. Due to population decline, Japan's economy may significantly reduce its growth rate in the future. However, the government is committed to a strict policy regarding the entry into the territory of Japan of migrant workers, which could positively lead to the development of the situation. Further reduction of the population of Japan can negatively affect not only economic prospects of the country, but also its economic security.

TIMELY AND ADEQUATE MEASURES TO SUPPORT THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY AND POPULATION DURING THE PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-70
Author(s):  
Oksana M. Makhalina ◽  
◽  
Viktor N. Makhalin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Budget Support ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Global Background

The article considers measures of state support for the population and economy of Russia and summarizes the world experience of the budget support in some foreign countries affected by the coronavirus pandemic. The research and generalization performed in the following areas: applied forms of support, methods of financing, particularities in supporting the financial sector, manufacturing sector, small and medium business, population, social sphere, health care, support of regions. The study took into account two negative factors: the rapid spread of COVID-19 and its harmful impact on the global economy; the collapse in oil prices and the depreciation of the ruble. Under the influence of those factors, the Russian economy in the second quarter of 2020, according to Rosstat, declined by 8% year – on-year, and for the first half of the year-by 3.4%. The country’s GDP, according to the Ministry of economic development, decreased by 4.3% in annual terms, and for 8 months from the beginning of this year by 3.6%.Given the circumstances, the Government of the Russian Federation and the Bank of Russia developed a national plan for the recovery of the Russian economy in 2020–2021, which was adopted and approved by the Government on September 23, 2020. The consequences of COVID-19 have negatively affected the actions of most European companies in Russia. With more than half of them (56%), sales fell, and a third of companies (33%) had to cut their advertising and marketing research budgets (21%).The article assesses the economic situation of Russia against the global background. Although the economies of the US, UK, and EU countries have fallen much more deeply than the Russian one, they will recover sooner than we do, since these countries have invested significantly more money in supporting their economies than Russia. We have allocated no more than 3% of GDP to support the economy, while in developed countries at least 10%, and in Germany – 22%.The pandemic has hit small and medium-sized businesses the hardest for two reasons: a reduction in the number of consumers and increasing costs, and, first of all, rental rates. To restore small and medium-sized businesses, it is proposed to provide monetary support directly to the population in order to raise effective demand, or partially remove the tax and administrative burden on entrepreneurs. In conclusion, taking into account foreign experience and the real state of the economy, recommendations for its recovery are formulated.

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