scholarly journals Problems of the impact of the demographic crisis in Japan on the economic security of the country

2019 ◽  
pp. 130-137
Author(s):  
Петр Кобец ◽  
Petr Kobec ◽  
Игорь Ильин ◽  
Igor' Il'in
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The Future ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The object of the study was the processes associated with the coming demographic crisis in Japan. The relevance of the work is justified by the findings of the last census of the population of Japan in 2015, which showed that in five years the number of residents decreased by 0.8%. The analysis carried out by the team of authors allowed us to suggest that as the population of the country gets older, and the younger generation gives birth to children less and later, a demographic crisis is inevitably approaching in the country. On the basis of the study, the team came to the conclusion that the driving forces of demographic processes are changes in the field of migration and fertility. The authors believe that the decline in fertility in Japan is unprecedented in many respects and raises concerns about the future of the country. Currently, Japan is the tenth most populated country. However, among the 20 economically developed countries, it is the only country whose population has been declining since 2010. Due to population decline, Japan's economy may significantly reduce its growth rate in the future. However, the government is committed to a strict policy regarding the entry into the territory of Japan of migrant workers, which could positively lead to the development of the situation. Further reduction of the population of Japan can negatively affect not only economic prospects of the country, but also its economic security.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Demographic Policy on the Economic Security of Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
V. N. Mironova
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Demographic Policy

The subject of the research is demographic processes reflected in the population dynamics and fertility and mortality indices as well as the state of migration that might compensate for the natural population decline. The purposes of the research were to reveal the main threats to the economic security of the country due to ill-timed resolution of demographic problems and propose measures to overcome the negative trends. The research was based on studying the demographic processes in Russia and a number of other countries to make sure the country is in the mainstream of the changes taking place in developed economies. However, there are certain deviations in a number of indices demonstrating a demographic crisis that has not been overcome and tends to aggravate. The research makes it clear that the demographic situation in Russia has been gradually deteriorating alternating with short periods of improvement of demographic indicators. It has been established that the state demographic policy is the most important mechanism to combat the demographic crisis, providing other relevant conditions are observed. In furtherance of the above-mentioned, the Concept of the Demographic Policy developed under the Presidential Decree of May 2018 was examined. It is noted that based on political decisions, tools are being developed to mitigate the emerging threats to the national economic security. It is concluded that the importance of numerous measures taken periodically by the government including substantial financial injections to support fertility and overcome high mortality rates cannot be overestimated. Along with that, current demographic problems cannot be solved only by financial support of low-income families, hence a well-thoughtout system approach is required. Fragmentary measures to improve the demographic situation in the country can yield a temporary positive effect but are unable to change the situation totally.

scholarly journals A Johansen Cointegration Test for the Relationship between Remittances and Economic Growth of Japan

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suwastika Naidu ◽  
Atishwar Pandaram ◽  
Anand Chand
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Economic Growth Rate ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Remittance inflows have been a key stimulus to economic growth of many developing countries. There is scant literature available on the impact of remittance inflows and outflows on the economic growth of the large developed countries. For instance, there is little literature on the impact of remittance inflows and outflows on the economic growth rate of Japan. Hence this research objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between ‘remittance inflows’ and ‘outflows’ on the ‘economic growth rate’ of Japan. The paper by utilizing the World Bank data set and the econometric model namely the Granger Causality Model to test and analysis the impact of remittance inflows and outflows on the economic growth rate of Japan. The findings show that in the long run, a 1% increase in remittance outflows will decrease GDP growth rate by 0.000793%. In the short run, a 1% increase in remittance outflows and inflows will decrease GDP growth rate by 0.000599% and 0.000327% respectively. The Japanese government should encourage retired Japanese workers to return to the labour market and effectively contribute to the workforce and retired workers can be re-trained so that less foreign migrant workers are needed and this will reduce remittance outflow. 

Stock Market Reaction on Green-Bond Issue: Evidence from Indian Green-Bond Issuers

2021 ◽  
pp. 097226292110225
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar Verma ◽  
Rohit Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Bond Issue ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: A green bond is a financial instrument issued by governments, financial institutions and corporations to fund green projects, such as those involving renewable energy, green buildings, low carbon transport, etc. This study analyses the effect of green-bond issue announcement on the issuer’s stock price movement. It shows the reaction of the stock price after the issue of green bonds. Methodology: This study is based on secondary data. Green-bond issue dates have been collected from newspaper articles from different online sources, such as Business Standard, The Economic Times, Moneycontrol, etc. The closing prices of stocks have been taken from the NSE (National Stock Exchange of India Limited) website. An event window of 21 days has been fixed for the study, including the 10 days before and after the issue date. Data analysis is carried out through the event study method using the R software. Calculation of abnormal returns is done using three models: mean-adjusted returns model, market-adjusted returns model and risk-adjusted returns model. Findings: The results show that the issue of green bonds has a significant positive effect on the stock price. Returns increase after the green-bond issue announcement. Although the announcement day shows a negative return for all the samples taken for the study, the 10-day cumulative abnormal return (CAR) is positive. Thus, green-bond issues lead to positive sentiments among investors. Research implications: This research article will help the government issue more green bonds so that the proceeds can be utilized for green projects. The government should motivate corporations and financial institutions to issue more green bonds to help the economy grow. In India, very few organizations have issued a green bond. It will be beneficial if these players issue green bonds, as it will increase the firms’ value and boost returns to the investors. Originality/value: The effect of green-bond issue on stock returns has been analysed in some studies in developed countries. This is the first study to examine the impact of green-bond issue on stock returns in the Indian context, to the best of our knowledge.

“Air pollution arrested not imprisoned”: The impact of laws invoked on Covid-19 city lockdowns

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Mensah Aboagye ◽  
◽  
Nana Osei Owusu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Air pollution continues to be an environmental problem that poses a lot of health risks to the young and aged. Developed countries have invested heavily to curb this environmental problem, causing severe threats to human lives, yet the results do not look convincing. In developing countries, the situation is difficult than they can imagine, resulting in governments borrowing to fight what looks like a lost battle [1-3]. The in-depth study of this environmental menace - air pollution, suggests that the government enacts stringent measures to help fight this battle. This is because air pollution has natural (volcanic eruption) and anthropogenic (human activities) causes. In December 2019, the deadly Coronavirus (Covid-19) outbreak was soon declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organisation (WHO) [4]. Majority of countries have had their share of the impact of this outbreak. Many countries resorted to city lockdown to strictly control the movement of people and economic activities as recommended by WHO.

Shrinking metropolitan area: Costly homeownership and slow spatial shrinkage

Urban Studies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1113-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatomo Suzuki ◽  
Yasushi Asami
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Long Life ◽  
New Residents ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

With a simple model of land use and market arbitrage, this paper investigates the impact of population decline – when existing homeowners compete to attract a small number of new residents – on homeownership and land use. We show that, if a strictly positive cost is required for ownership abandonment, selling used houses is impossible in the periphery, while leasing is possible. We also show that only long-life-quality houses, which require a larger initial investment and sustain greater utility for longer than conventional ones, attract new residents to the periphery. Social welfare may decrease, because the government has to maintain the slowly shrinking, less densely inhabited urban area.

scholarly journals Impact of Organizational Commitment on Intention to Quit Among Psychaitric Nurses: Evidence from Pakistan

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashifa Yasmin ◽  
Prof. Dr. Najib Ahmad Marzuki
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Intention To Quit ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

<p><em>Shortage of the nurses is an important issue in the developing and developed countries. The aim of this paper is to determine the impact of organizational commitment on intention to quit among psychiatric nurses. Based on the model of casual turnover this study assessed the direct effect of organizational commitment on nurse’s intention to quit. The cross sectional data was collected from three hundred five nurses of psychiatric hospitals in Punjab, Pakistan. Structural equation modeling was applied to achieve the objectives. The results revealed that affective commitment and normative commitment have significant impact while continuous commitment has not significant effect on nurse’s intention to quit.  So, the commitment of nurse to hospital goals, missions, and values is not enough to predict her intention to quit from job in the hospital. This study recommends that, the government and policy makers should look beyond forces in their internal and external environment, when considering how to reduce employee’s turnover intentions. This study recommends that future researchers should examine the impact of work environment on intention to quit though burnout as a unit variable. This study contributes socially and economically.</em></p><p><em> </em></p>

scholarly journals Recovery of the country’s economy from recession to stable growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-131
Author(s):  
Borys DUNAEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Net Income ◽  
The Government ◽  
Stable Growth

Since 2008 the economies of highly developed countries have not been able to get out of the financial crisis in twelve years, and have been in a state of depression and teetered on the brink of deflation. This crisis coincided in 2020 with the onset of the global recession in real gross domestic product (GDP) caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The state of the economy in Ukraine requires looking for ways and tools to overcome the crisis in the decline in GDP in the face of population decline and the ongoing global crisis. The growth of the Ukrainian economy is constrained by the tax burden, external debt and insufficient investment in productive capital. To ensure the stable development of the country’s economy, government regulation of the expanded reproduction of capital, which is available and which works in the manufacturing sector, is necessary. The main source of investment in the manufacturing sector is depreciation deductions from capital involved in production. With investments that are less than depreciation, only a narrowed reproduction of capital is possible, that is, capital is consumed. Anyone who uses depreciation deductions for other purposes destroys their own production. Investments in excess of depreciation charges are possible if there is a net investment. The government should regulate net investment at the rate of net income through incentive taxation. The capital that operates in the manufacturing sector can be regulated by the coefficient of consumer demand through existing incentives. With expanded reproduction of capital, inflationary self-regulation of market equilibrium through the central bank’s money circulation system and the rate of tax on production income, which is not more than the optimal rate, ensure constant growth of real GDP. Achieving the goal of overcoming the recession with the subsequent stable growth of GDP is possible with a state policy based on the current laws of the economy and private property rights.

scholarly journals The Importance of Economic Security in Shaping Cultural Behaviors Influenced by Progressive Globalization Processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Daniel Kucharek
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Economic Migration ◽  
Diverse World ◽  
The Impact

One of the most transparent manifestations of globalization processes currently occurring is the phenomenon of economic migration. It is associated with the movement of large masses of people from poor, economically underdeveloped regions often disturbed by armed conflicts to economically developed countries with already shaped prosperity. Migration processes pose many economic, social and cultural problems that discourage the population of wealthy countries from receiving incoming migrants. This article was organized in order to firstly consider the impact of economic migration on the phenomenon of changes in the population structure and thus cultural changes that might result from it. The next stage of the conducted analysis refers to the problem of commodification of artworks created within the area of culture. An important effect of the conducted research is to draw attention to the phenomenon of blurring differences, and, as a result, the emergence of widely accepted, supranational cultural patterns. Finally, the undertaken research identifies possible opportunities and threats for sustainable development of culture on an economically diverse world.

Economic diplomacy: pandemic effect

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-97
Author(s):  
Tatyana Leonidovna Musatova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
New World ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Diplomacy ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic crisis on the foreign policy and diplomacy of states, including economic diplomacy. ED is interpreted as a multi-sided multi-faceted activity, an integral part of foreign policy aimed at protecting the national interests and economic security of the country. Given the interdepartmental nature of the ED, the presence of numerous actors and agents, not only state, but also public and business structures, political and foreign economic coordination on the part of the Foreign Ministries is of great importance, and this role of foreign policy departments is increasing during the pandemic crisis. The activity of the ED of Russia in 2020 was generally successful, among the main results: active participation of diplomats in the anti-epidemic work of the Government of the Russian Federation, including export flights, provision of emergency assistance by compatriots abroad, assistance to foreign countries; measures to promote the Russian vaccine in the world, establish its production abroad, and thus win new world markets for medicines; settlement of the pricing crisis on the world oil market with the leading role of Russia and Saudi Arabia; adjustment of double taxation agreements with a number of foreign countries, taking into account the domestic economic needs of the country; the growing experience of BRICS, this interstate association, which did not know the crisis, including its fight against epidemiological diseases, during the period of Russia’s presidency in the BRICS; further steps to deepen integration within the EAEU; Russia’s success in the eastern direction of foreign policy, in the development of trade exchanges and epidemiological cooperation with the ASEAN and APEC states. The new world crisis has become a catalyst for the convergence of ED methods with scientific and public diplomacy, with other diplomatic cultures that can be combined under the general name of civil diplomacy. Such a separation is required to protect the legacy of professional diplomacy, the popularity and use of which methods is growing significantly. ED, as an integral part of official diplomacy, is presented as a mediator between classical and civil diplomacy. It provides civil society with an example of the more rigorous, pragmatic, resultsoriented work that the current pandemic crisis requires.

scholarly journals Study of the Modified Logistic Model of Chinese Electricity Consumption Based on the Change of the GDP Growth Rate under the Economic New Normal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Xin Cui ◽  
Wenhui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
The Future ◽  
Industry Layout

In the context of the new normal, the global economy is entering a deep adjustment period, and the driving forces of development are also constantly changing. As a result, China’s economy has also entered a “new normal” phase in which it is growing in a manageable and relatively balanced manner. In addition, the new normal characteristics of the power industry’s development in China are also very significant, and they affect the adaptability of traditional power forecasting methods. By analyzing the new characteristics of China’s economic development and the changing electricity demand in recent years, this paper quantitatively studied the effect of the national economy on the consumption of electricity. Meanwhile, a modified logistic model based on the change of the gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate is constructed to make a reasonable prediction of the future power consumption in China. Subsequently, by calculating the elasticity of electricity consumption in the future, it is found that the coefficient decreases each year, which indicates that electricity consumption in China is following a new trend. Based on the research results, this paper proposes rational suggestions for China’s power development, and they are expected to provide references for the power planning and power industry layout in China.

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