Ethical Issues, Discrimination and Social Responsibility Related to HIV-Infected Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 311-323
Author(s):  
Alice MURARIU ◽  
Carmen HANGANU ◽  
Livia BOBU ◽  
Celina Silvia STAFIE ◽  
Carmen SAVIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Specialized Treatment ◽  
Continue Treatment ◽  
Future Career ◽  
Medical Legislation ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

The aim of the present study was to assess the attitude of students attending 4th and 6th year of the Faculty of Dental Medicine in Iasi towards HIV-seropositive patients. A questionnaire was elaborated, containing 14 ethic statements related to some aspects they may encounter in their future career: the observance of confidentiality and the rights of HIV/AIDS infected patients, the refusal of dedicated treatment and the appreciation of discrimination in this situation. The results have identified some negative aspects regarding the above mentioned issues, mainly in terms of the refusal of specialized treatment. A percentage between 47.4% and 38.4% of the students strongly agreed to the affirmations according to which the risk of cross-infection and the lack of some safety conditions at work may be a reason for the refusal to provide dental treatment. The responses referring to discrimination suggest that there is a negative attitude towards the following aspects: the treatment of HIV-infected patients in different offices, the refusal to continue treatment after confirmation of the diagnosis, the refusal to cooperate with an infected colleague. Only 57.8% of the subjects considered the refusal of treatment as discrimination, with no statistical differences between the years of study. The results suggest both the need to modify the academic curriculum by introducing some ethics and medical legislation courses, and the adoption of a strategy for the increase of empathy and social responsibility in relation to this group of discriminated persons.

Responding to Social Responsibilities and Ethics - A Study of Refractory Industry in Odisha

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saikat Gochhait
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Ethical Practices ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
Industrial Markets ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Profit Maximisation

Businesses work in a wide social environment in which they have a responsibility to a range of stakeholders including the community. The term Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) refers to the responsibility that modern business organizations have to creating a healthy and prosperous society. Ethical practices in refractory marketing help marketers distinguish between right and wrong behavior. Adherence to ethics is essential in industrial markets as mutual trust among buyers and sellers is the key to long-term success. Marketing has evolved from a production-centric approach to a societal marketing approach that lays greater emphasis on the ethical issues in marketing. With the advent of globalization, corporations continue to evolve, grow in power, and influence the process of consolidation. Corporations are in positions of power that allow them to do greater damage to others when they act unethically or socially in an irresponsible manner. The rights theory encompasses a variety of ethical philosophies holding that certain human rights are fundamental and must be respected by other humans. The economic theories of the firm cannot be segregated of ethical considerations as they have crucial impact on how the firm concentrates on economic power, formulate the rules of law. Profit maximisation has always been the driving force and an undercurrent behind the development of corporate. But profit is not made in vacuum, it always has an associated cost, some of which is always externalized (Rhee, 2008). Corporate law has an ethical foundation and the debate on values necessarily revolves round the activities of the firm. This research paper on the basis of secondary sources of data collected from reports, research papers and Internet, focuses on corporate social responsibility (CSR) of TATA Group with reference to Tata Krosaki Refractories Ltd, Bajoria Group with reference to IFGL Refractories Ltd (Odisha), OCL Refractories Ltd, Sarvesh Refractories, and Manishree Refractories (Odisha). The study intends to understand the scope of corporate social responsibility and get an insight in CSR and ethical practices in the light of the case study of the refractory industries in Odisha.

Integrating New Visions of Education Models and CSR 2.0 Towards University Social Responsibility (USR)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1633-1655
Author(s):  
Catalina Soriana Sitnikov ◽  
Claudiu Bocean ◽  
Sorin Tudor
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Education Business ◽  
New Framework

Currently, the adoption of a specific approach to business activities that highlights the strategic importance of corporate social responsibility hereafter CSR is the most important element influencing the existence and continuity of an organization. Thus, there is not a surprise that universities shall identify, in terms of own activities, the possibility to lead their orientation beyond teaching-learning process, towards the operations and institutional activities. At the same time, recent decades have experienced the failure of CSR as a way of doing business, govern or provide solutions and evaluate ethical issues and, thus, of the need to apply and implement a new approach - CSR 2.0. The transition from the current CSR, or 1.0, to CSR 2.0 requires the adoption of five new principles—creativity, scalability, responsiveness, glocality, and circularity—and embedding them within organizations management and culture. The paper will unfold towards two steps: the first, dedicated to the correlation between education (Blessinger's models and frameworks elements) with business (based on higher education business models), and the second, represented by integrating the new built model with the concepts and principles of CSR 2.0 developed by Visser. The new framework can be used to manage the context and processes of a socially responsible university as part of a world influenced by CSR 2.0 principles.

Homegrown Kenya: the horticultural industry under fire on CSR

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
George O. K'Aol ◽  
Francis Wambalaba
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Labor Policies ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact

Subject area Corporate social responsibility (CSR). Study level/applicability The Homegrown case is designed for teaching corporate social responsibility and business ethics at undergraduate and graduate levels. The case may be used on a variety of courses including: corporate social responsibility, business ethics and corporate social responsibility, and business ethics. Case overview In May 2003, the headline of the East African newspaper screamed “The Kenyan Horticultural Industry under fire.” The industry was accused of exploitative labor policies with respect to working conditions, workers' welfare, sexual harassment, and exposure to harmful pesticides by the key stakeholders led by the Kenya Human Rights Commission. The stakeholders had announced plans to conduct national and international campaigns against the flower growing and exporting companies in Kenya. Mr Richard Fox, the Managing Director of Homegrown was worried that the publicity had adversely tarnished the image and reputation of the horticultural industry in Kenya as a whole, including Homegrown. He wondered how best to respond to these allegations. Should Homegrown wait to see what the competitors and other stakeholders would do, as these were industry-wide problems or should Homegrown take the lead? And if so, what should be the scope of the programs, given the diverse nature of the issues? He had to make decision quickly. Expected learning outcomes The case provides opportunity for students to analyze, discuss, and debate topical issues in CSR. At the end of the case, students should be able to: identify emerging CSR and ethical issues facing the horticultural industry in Kenya; analyze the cost of implementing CSR programs in business organizations; evaluate the impact of CSR programs on business performance; justify and defend choices on CSR, and ethical decisions. Supplementary materials Not included.

scholarly journals Attitude of Medical Students University of Baghdad toward Psychiatry:Clinical significance and as future career

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-227
Author(s):  
Maha S. Younis ◽  
Abbas alrubayee Fadhil Mahdi
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Future Career ◽  
Medical Discipline ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
And Training ◽  
Important Branch ◽  
Question Survey

Background: Psychiatry is an important branch of medicine and has been an integral part of the academic curriculum in Baghdad College of Medicine since its establishment. Medical students have a different attitude towards it as a medical profession like other specialties of medicine and as future medical career. Objectives: This study aims to explore the attitudes of medical students towards psychiatry in general and as a future career after their course of clerkship in the Department of Psychiatry in Baghdad Teaching Hospital. Patients and Methods: During the year 2016, 158 male and female students of fifth and sixth years participated in a brief five-question survey derived from the international questionnaire-Attitude towards Mental Illness (AMI) assessing their perspectives toward importance of psychiatry as medical discipline to study and as their future career choice. Results:   The female to male ratio was 2:1. Of all the respondents, 86.6% indicated the clinical significance of psychiatry as a profession. Only 23% said that they would choose psychiatry as their future career. Nearly half of them attributed improvement of their attitudes to the positive effect of tutoring. Generally, there were no prominent gender differences in the responses  Conclusion: The vast majority of the students had a positive attitude towards psychiatry in general yet it wasn’t preferred as their future career. It is thought that education and training of psychiatry may ameliorate the negative attitude towards the clinical importance but it may not affect their career aspiration.

scholarly journals Knowledge and attitudes of dental patients towards cross-infection control measures in dental practice

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-273
Author(s):  
Adel A. Mousa ◽  
Nadia M. Mahmoud ◽  
Azza M. Tag El Din
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Dental Clinics

The knowledge and attitudes of 460 dental patients attending outpatient dental clinics in Alexandria, Tanta, and El-Mansoura universities were studied. Every patient was interviewed individually using a questionnaire concerning the routine use of protective gloves, masks and spectacles. The results revealed that 90% of the patients expected dentists to wear gloves, 73% expected them to wear face masks and 37% to wear spectacles. Most patients believed that gloves were for the patient’s protection while face masks and spectacles were for the dentist’s protection. About 50% of patients believed that they could contract infectious diseases during dental treatment;the more educated, the greater the concern of infection. Tanta patients were more concerned about cross infection than other patients

scholarly journals Small Business Attitudes Towards Ethical Issues: Survival Or Ethically Correct?

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Colin Cant
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Moral Dilemma ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Ethical Behaviour ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Small Business Development

Small businesses play a vital role in most economies worldwide. These businesses are in many instances the creators of jobs and in many instances barely surviving. In Africa, in general, and South Africa in particular, there are huge pressures on small business development and to assist in alleviating poverty and help with social mobility. Many small business entrepreneurs are forced into business in order to survive which in turn may lead to them being less ethically inclined and more focussed on survival. This in itself can lead to a moral dilemma for them. It is therefore important to consider the attitude employees have towards ethical issues in the business sector, and to what extent they would compromise on these issues in order to survive. The main purpose of the study is therefore to determine the attitude employees of small businesses in South Africa have towards the ethical environment in which they operate. The research followed a quantitative approach where a survey questionnaire was used as the data collection method. The results indicate that employees of small businesses have a negative attitude towards the ethical responsibilities of the organisation in which they operate. Alternatively, respondents do understand what is meant by ethics and what it entails. Their attitude regarding their perception of what an organisation should commit to in order to be ethical shows that respondents understands what constitutes ethical behaviour.

Legal and Technical Issues of Privacy Preservation in Data Mining

2011 ◽  
pp. 1158-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Wahlstrom ◽  
John F. Roddick ◽  
Rick Sarre ◽  
Vladimir Estivill-Castro ◽  
Denise de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Private Information ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Personal Privacy ◽  
Customer Data ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Very Large Databases

To paraphrase Winograd (1992), we bring to our communities a tacit comprehension of right and wrong that makes social responsibility an intrinsic part of our culture. Our ethics are the moral principles we use to assert social responsibility and to perpetuate safe and just societies. Moreover, the introduction of new technologies can have a profound effect on our ethical principles. The emergence of very large databases, and the associated automated data analysis tools, present yet another set of ethical challenges to consider. Socio-ethical issues have been identified as pertinent to data mining and there is a growing concern regarding the (ab)use of sensitive information (Clarke, 1999; Clifton et al., 2002; Clifton and Estivill-Castro, 2002; Gehrke, 2002). Estivill-Castro et al., discuss surveys regarding public opinion on personal privacy that show a raised level of concern about the use of private information (Estivill-Castro et al., 1999). There is some justification for this concern; a 2001 survey in InfoWeek found that over 20% of companies store customer data with information about medical profile and/or customer demographics with salary and credit information, and over 15% store information about customers’ legal histories.

scholarly journals The Diagnosis and Prevention of Coronavirus Disease in Dental Clinic – A Review Article

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (F) ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
Bassel Tarakji ◽  
Mohammad Zakaria Nassani ◽  
Faisal Mehsen Alali ◽  
Nasser Raqe Alqhtani ◽  
Abdullah Bin Nabhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Specific Protocol ◽  
Dental Office ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Chain Reaction Test

AIM: This review aims to highlight the route of transmission, clinical features, diagnosis, prevention, and protection requirements for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in dental clinics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This review is built on specific protocol, two independent reviewers, each focused on articles related to COVID-19 and infection control in dental clinics, while the third independent reviewer resolved any conflicting article of interest. RESULTS: Respiratory droplets are the main routes of transmission of COVID-19. The main symptoms are fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test on respiratory tract specimens is the most commonly used technique to detect COVID19. Combined nose and throat swabs and rectal swab are recommended to avoid false results. Personal protective equipment and evaluation are essential for every patient before starting any dental treatment, and following the instructions for infection control to avoid the spread of COVID19. In dental office, suspected patient with COVID-19 or presence of symptoms such as losing sense of smell and taste, in these cases dental treatment, must be postponed for 14 days. Evaluation of patient body temperature, screening, and answering questions related to contact COVID19 are crucial to make the decision to start or delay dental treatment to avoid COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Strict infection control procedures should be recommended. Patients recovered recently from COVID-19 may have treatment deferred for 28 days from onset of symptoms to avoid cross-infection. Anti-restrictive valves dental handpieces should be used to avoid cross-infection of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Informed Consent for Dental Treatment: A Survey on Dental Practitioners’ Perception, Awareness and Understanding

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
MAI Khan ◽  
A Taleb
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Undergraduate Level ◽  
Ethical Reason ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Right To Refuse Treatment ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All

A survey was conducted on dental surgeons’ perception of ethics concerning informed consent. Forty-six dentists employed in different private and government dental colleges and private dental clinics, responded to a questionnaire, which contained ten questions related to the ethics of informed consent. The Study revealed that the dentists were aware of legal and ethical issues related to informed consent, and majority of them relied on verbal consent (82.6%) rather than a written consent for any form of treatment. All the dentists (100%) agreed to the importance of informed consent for patients, and almost all the participants (97%) agreed that patients hold the right to refuse treatment or take legal action if they were not informed properly, although 19% of the participants did not consider failure in obtaining informed consent as an offence. Sixty-three percent of the participants did not agree to the notion that a written consent would make dentistry difficult while the remaining 37% feared that dentistry would be difficult if written consent was made mandatory. The survey also revealed that participants were keen to learn more about principles of medical ethics and felt ethics be taught more elaborately in the undergraduate level. In conclusion it was suggested that dentists should obtain a written consent for ethical reason or legal safeguard or at least keep a written account of the type of consent given by the patient.DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.3329/bjdre.v2i2.16241 Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education Vol.2(2) 2012: 31-35

Corporate Social Responsibility ‐ Is it a Viable Tool for Development?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Nartowski
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
The Political ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Broad Term ◽  
The World ◽  
Corporate Social

The topic of CSR, or Corporate Social Responsibility, continues to grow in todays political, economical, and social spheres. Despite the fact that CSR is an immense driver for development projects around the world, there is little academic work that evaluates the effects of CSR and makes a judgment on this issue. Firstly, this study will define and organize the broad term of CSR as its meanings range from natural preservation projects to human resource benefits. Through the organization of the term CSR into various categories, one can better understand the complexities and ethical issues surrounding this avenue of funding. Secondly, this study will evaluate the effects of major CSR projects around the world. By examining the political, economical, and social advantages and disadvantages of some of the worlds largest CSR funded projects, a verdict will be made on this issue.

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