scholarly journals Brain Drain or Brain Bank? The Impact of Skilled Emigration on Poor-Country Innovation

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Agrawal ◽  
Devesh Kapur ◽  
John McHale
Keyword(s):  
Brain Drain ◽  
Poor Country ◽  
Brain Bank ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Brain drain or brain bank? The impact of skilled emigration on poor-country innovation

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Agrawal ◽  
Devesh Kapur ◽  
John McHale ◽  
Alexander Oettl
Keyword(s):  
Brain Drain ◽  
Poor Country ◽  
Brain Bank ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Brain drain and brain gain in Russia: Analyzing international migration of researchers by discipline using Scopus bibliometric data 1996–2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Subbotin ◽  
Samin Aref
Keyword(s):  
Brain Drain ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Donor Country ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Science System ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Net Migration ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Five Disciplines ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe study international mobility in academia, with a focus on the migration of published researchers to and from Russia. Using an exhaustive set of over 2.4 million Scopus publications, we analyze all researchers who have published with a Russian affiliation address in Scopus-indexed sources in 1996–2020. The migration of researchers is observed through the changes in their affiliation addresses, which altered their mode countries of affiliation across different years. While only 5.2% of these researchers were internationally mobile, they accounted for a substantial proportion of citations. Our estimates of net migration rates indicate that while Russia was a donor country in the late 1990s and early 2000s, it has experienced a relatively balanced circulation of researchers in more recent years. These findings suggest that the current trends in scholarly migration in Russia could be better framed as brain circulation, rather than as brain drain. Overall, researchers emigrating from Russia outnumbered and outperformed researchers immigrating to Russia. Our analysis on the subject categories of publication venues shows that in the past 25 years, Russia has, overall, suffered a net loss in most disciplines, and most notably in the five disciplines of neuroscience, decision sciences, mathematics, biochemistry, and pharmacology. We demonstrate the robustness of our main findings under random exclusion of data and changes in numeric parameters. Our substantive results shed light on new aspects of international mobility in academia, and on the impact of this mobility on a national science system, which have direct implications for policy development. Methodologically, our novel approach to handling big data can be adopted as a framework of analysis for studying scholarly migration in other countries.

scholarly journals The Impact of Globalization on “Brain Drain” in Developing Countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 1490-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zhatkanbaeva ◽  
J. Zhatkanbaeva ◽  
E. Zhatkanbaev
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
The Impact

On the Brain Drain of Africans to America: Some Methodological Observations

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Nii-Amoo Dodoo ◽  
Baffour Takyi ◽  
Jesse Mann
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Relative Comparisons ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

AbstractRecurring debates about the impact of the brain drain— the developing world's loss of human capital to more developed countries—has motivated estimation of the magnitude of the phenomenon, most recently by the World Bank. Although frequently cited as a key contributor to Africa's wanting development record, what constitutes the "brain-drain" is not always clearly defined. Today, in the absence of an accounting system, resolution of the definitional and measurement question depends on relative comparisons of measurement variants, which will identify definitional shortcomings by clarifying the merits and demerits of these variants, and thereby suggest corrective imputations. This paper compares the World Bank's approach to a chronological precedent (Dodoo 1997) to clarify the value of variant comparisons. The resultant implications for corrections are also discussed.

Globalization, Migration, and the Challenges of Development in Africa

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Akokpari
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
African Development ◽  
Development Feature ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Migrant Remittances ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe paper argues that, while globalization is a catalyst for international migration, its impact on Africa's development remains polemical. Generally, discussions on the impact of international migration on African development feature two contrasting views. One view, which is gradually gaining currency, points to tangible benefits from migration in the form of migrant remittance, which recent World Bank reports identify as the second largest form of capital flow to Africa after foreign direct investments (FDI). This view thus sees the impact of international migration on African development as positive. This paper, however, takes a different view and argues that the adverse effects of international migration on Africa, in the form of brain drain—the emigration of Africa's trained professionals—far outweighs the perceived advantages associated with migrant remittances. Consequently, on the aggregate, Africa's development suffers under the weight of international migration. The paper thus suggests the formulation of workable policies by the AU to manage the brain drain. Such policy measures should include a conscious attempt to address the root causes of the so-called "push factors" which instigate the emigration of Africa's brains in the first instance.

scholarly journals Climate Change and Possible Impacts on Travel and Tourism Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Ritika KC ◽  
Ija Giri ◽  
Udhab Raj Khadka
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Poor Country ◽  
Ecological Gradient ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
Outburst Floods ◽  
Glacial Lake Outburst Floods ◽  
Livelihood Options ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Whitewater Rafting ◽  
The Impact

Nepal is a diverse country with lowlands of Terai to the highest mountains attracting many tourists and visitors to make visits. So, the tourism in Nepal is primarily nature-based as tourists are mostly attracted by the spectacular landscapes, majestic mountains, glaciers, lakes, rivers and biodiversity across its diverse ecological gradient. Mountaineering, trekking, whitewater rafting and jungle safari tours are the main forms of nature-based tourism activities in our country. Climate change is affecting Nepal in a number of ways and the travel and tourism sector cannot remain untouched. Various studies on climate change shows increased weather uncertainties and extremities resulting into long dry period and intense rain during monsoon leading to increased water induced disasters like floods, inundation, landslides, cloudburst floods, and glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) which are projected to continue in future as well. This has affected natural landscapes, and Himalayas influencing every walk of life and livelihood options. Though the impacts of climate change can be observed in the whole world, poor country like Nepal is likely to suffer most due to limited resources to cope with and adapt to the effects of climate change. In this paper, an effort has been made to review the impact of climate change on the travel and tourism sector in Nepal through the study of previous literatures on climate changes.  

Glocalizing cures for China’s brain drain ills

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Kim ◽  
Ryan Michael Allen
Keyword(s):  
Brain Drain ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Geographic Proximity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how the Chinese Central Government’s plan to alleviate brain drain, called the Thousand Talents Plan, has been glocalized by three major local governments: Shanghai, Tianjin, and Guangdong. Design/methodology/approach The lens of glocalization pays special attention to the impact of local reactions to global forces. Materials from the Recruitment Program of Global Experts for three major cases were examined for glocal characteristics. An analysis of each case was carried out to compare the strategies and implementations to explore the individual glocalizations and larger national similarities. Findings The findings show that each of the localities has distinct regional variations in their strategies: Shanghai utilized its economic prowess, Tianjin focused on clustering experts, and Guangdong maximized its geographic proximity to Hong Kong. At the same time, all three policies were still rooted in human capital development theory, with a keen emphasis to attracting migrants with greater propensity for staying long term in China. Originality/value The study of brain drain is important because it is a problem that plagues communities around the world, especially non-western societies. While China’s tactics to combat brain drain have been examined, the consideration of glocalization in the cases of Shanghai, Tianjin, and Guangdong have not been carried out.

scholarly journals Curbing Unemployment and Brain Drain Among Nigerian Youths Through Islamic Financing Instruments

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Ibraheem Alani AbdulKareem ◽  
Kamoru Mutiu Olaide ◽  
Onimajesin Salihu Isiaka
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Islamic Finance ◽  
Nigerian Government ◽  
The Impact

The alarming increase in graduates/youths unemployment across the globe is disturbing. Graduates/youths unemployment that leads to brain drain is a complex problem facing developing countries, of which Nigeria is not spared. It is on this premise that necessitated the purpose of writing this paper is to ameliorate the issue of graduate/youth unemployment through the adoption of Islamic financing instruments as a solution to curb this high rate of graduates/youths unemployment in Nigeria. Going by the focus of this paper, Islamic financing instruments which have been seen to be under-utilized but if aggressively encouraged by the Nigerian government through easy access to funding by graduates/youths, which is a catalyst to entrepreneurship among graduates/youths to reduce unemployment that has been combating them and the nation at large. The method employed for this study is conceptual in nature. It reviewed previous literature whereby understanding the roles played by Islamic financing in curbing the menace of brain drain and unemployment among graduates/youth were gained. Based on the understanding of reviewed literature, this study has documented that Islamic finance instrument has played a significant role in SMEs. The study also found out that the impact of harnessing SMEs through Islamic finance instruments cannot be ignored in any society. Thus, it is suggested that the Nigerian government should embrace Islamic financing to reduce the population of graduates/youths who have recently, as a matter of no job, partake in ENDSARS protests and roaming the streets aimlessly across Nigeria. The implication of study on the Nigeria government and policymaker in term of adoption of Islamic finance instruments was to address the issues of SMEs in order to tame the menace on unemployment and brain drain, thereby retaining our graduate/youths to contribute their quotas through their skills/potentials for the betterment of the country.

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