scholarly journals Islam among the Turkmen of Stavtopol Krai and Astrakhan Oblast.

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-234
Author(s):  
Olga Brusina
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Regional Administration ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Astrakhan Oblast ◽  
Almost All

The article is devoted to the role of Islam in culture and social life of the Turkmen of southern Russia. The study is based on the author's field materials collected in 2007–2015 in the Stavropol and Astrakhan Regions. The ethnic group of the Russian Turkmen was formed in the XVII–XIX centuries and currently counts about 17,000 people. The Turkmen are Sunni Muslims, most of their customs and rituals are associated with Muslim prayers and symbolism. At the same time, the Turkmen are not among the zealous Muslims, in their spiritual culture there are folk customs and beliefs that are very superficially associated with Islam. In the Soviet period, the Russian Turkmen maintained their religion, secretly carried out Islamic rites and rules, despite the anti-religious state policy. Currently, the religiousness of the Turkmen varies greatly, but almost all families hold major religious ceremonies. Mosques play the role of community centers, social life in the Turkmen settlements is closely intertwined with religious life, and the mullahs are local leaders and take part in self-government bodies. Propaganda of fundamentalist Islam has not bypassed the Turkmen, as many regions of the North Caucasus. A peculiar situation has developed: young people have become involved in religion much more than old honored people, educated in the Soviet ideals. Residents of the Turkmen settlements and imams of mosques are trying to resist the spread of fundamentalist ideas. The situation is particularly difficult in the Stavropol Territory; so the regional administration is trying to control any cultural and religious activities on the ground, sometimes suspecting “Wahhabi sentiments” among quite loyal citizens, such as the Turkmen. It is important that the Turkmen are almost the only people of this region who, traditionally practicing Islam, retain complete loyalty to the Russian population and the Russian state

scholarly journals Russians in the republics of the North Caucasus: frontiers of geo-demographic retreat (the first half of the 21st century)

2017 ◽  
pp. 109-132
Author(s):  
Sergei Sushchiy
Keyword(s):  
Age Distribution ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
The North ◽  
Demographic Dynamics ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The article analyzes the geo-demographic dynamics of the Russian population of the republics of the North Caucasus in the post-Soviet period, registering the pace of reduction for each republic and studying the central role of migration in this depopulation process. Currently, the Russian population of the North Caucasus has returned to the level of the mid-1930s. The Republics of Chechnya and Ingushetia have lost almost all of their Russian population, while Dagestan has lost a significant part of its, too. Although demographic losses in other republics of the region have not been so great, a rapid reduction in the number of Russians has become a steady trend of the entire North Caucasus. In order to determine the corridor of the most likely demographic dynamics of Russians in the region up until 2050, a series of calculations was carried out, establishing that by 2030 the number of Russians in the North Caucasus will be reduced to 690-780 thousand people, and by mid-century – to 490-700 thousand. No less a threat will come from the deterioration of the age distribution of the local Russian population, which could lead to its demographic "collapse" in the period 2060-2070.

scholarly journals Абречество как одна из форм социального протеста

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.T. Agieva
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Protest ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Comparative

Феномен абречества исследуется в русле комплекса проблем, связанных с историей национально-освободительной борьбы народов Северного Кавказа. Методологической основой явился принцип эволюционного развития, примененный к анализу социальных процессов. Материалами стали архивные источники, исследования историков, данные толковых и энциклопедических словарей. Прослежена эволюция значения термина абрек , изучено развитие самого абречества как формы социального протеста, привлечен фактографический материал, касающийся жизни одного из самых известных абреков Ингушетии Зелимхана Гушмазукаева. Термин абрек , первоначально означавший разбойника и изгоя, постепенно изменил смысл, приобретя значение борца за свободу против царских войск и администрации. Суть и внутреннее содержание абречества со временем эволюционировали аналогичным образом. Наличие у абречества социальной опоры обусловило вывод о том, что оно было ответом горского общества на политическое бесправие и экономические проблемы.The article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of abrechestvo in line with a complex of scientific problems related to the history of the national liberation struggle of the peoples of the North Caucasus against the colonialist policy of the tsarist administration. The methodological basis was the principle of evolutionary development applied to social processes. The author used a set of methods inherent in historical science (historical-chronological, historical-comparative, diachronic, and others), as well as methods related to the interpretation of texts and concepts. The materials for the research were archival sources, studies of historians and data from explanatory and encyclopedic dictionaries. The term abrek is analyzed in detail, its variations in the languages of different peoples of the North Caucasus are given. Further, the author traces the evolution of the meaning of this concept in the Russian language for more than 120 yearsfrom the dictionaries of the mid-19th century to the last edition of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia. The development of abrechestvo as a phenomenon of social life is investigated. The factual material relating to the activities of one of the most famous abreks of Mountain Ingushetia, Zelimkhan Gushmazukaev, is involved. The author comes to the conclusion that the term abrek, originally meaning a robber and an outcast, changed its meaning over the century, acquiring, in addition to a romantic connotation, the meaning of a freedom fighter against the tsarist troops and administration. Similarly, over time, the essence and inner content of abrechestvo evolved: from a forced exile and vagrancy to activities of social protest and of fighting for justice. These ideals were supported by the majority of representatives of the North Caucasian ethnic communities, who openly supported abreks, not fearing the possible reprisals from the authorities. At the same time, public consciousness quite clearly separated true abreks from those who did evil under their name and authority. The author claims that abreks resorted to robberies only selectively and avoided murders. They used the stolen property for buying weapons, for helping the needy and families who lost their breadwinners. Abreks had societys support, which led the author to the conclusion that it was a response of the highlanders society to political lawlessness and economic problems that constantly accompanied its development during the pre-Soviet period.The article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of abrechestvo in line with a complex of scientific problems related to the history of the national liberation struggle of the peoples of the North Caucasus against the colonialist policy of the tsarist administration. The methodological basis was the principle of evolutionary development applied to social processes. The author used a set of methods inherent in historical science (historical-chronological, historical-comparative, diachronic, and others), as well as methods related to the interpretation of texts and concepts. The materials for the research were archival sources, studies of historians and data from explanatory and encyclopedic dictionaries. The term abrek is analyzed in detail, its variations in the languages of different peoples of the North Caucasus are given. Further, the author traces the evolution of the meaning of this concept in the Russian language for more than 120 yearsfrom the dictionaries of the mid-19th century to the last edition of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia. The development of abrechestvo as a phenomenon of social life is investigated. The factual material relating to the activities of one of the most famous abreks of Mountain Ingushetia, Zelimkhan Gushmazukaev, is involved. The author comes to the conclusion that the term abrek, originally meaning a robber and an outcast, changed its meaning over the century, acquiring, in addition to a romantic connotation, the meaning of a freedom fighter against the tsarist troops and administration. Similarly, over time, the essence and inner content of abrechestvo evolved: from a forced exile and vagrancy to activities of social protest and of fighting for justice. These ideals were supported by the majority of representatives of the North Caucasian ethnic communities, who openly supported abreks, not fearing the possible reprisals from the authorities. At the same time, public consciousness quite clearly separated true abreks from those who did evil under their name and authority. The author claims that abreks resorted to robberies only selectively and avoided murders. They used the stolen property for buying weapons, for helping the needy and families who lost their breadwinners. Abreks had societys support, which led the author to the conclusion that it was a response of the highlanders society to political lawlessness and economic problems that constantly accompanied its development during the pre-Soviet period.

THE POST-SOVIET STATE AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF ISLAM IN KABARDIN-BALKARIA

Kavkazologiya ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 233-245
Author(s):  
A.A. TATAROV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Conflict ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Religious Actors ◽  
Post Soviet Period

Since the 1990s, the North Caucasus has experienced various conflicts between state and religious actors, sometimes with dreadful consequences. A comprehensive perspective on these outbursts of conflict is often constrained by the sole focus on the revival and internal dynamics of Islam in the post-Soviet period. The changes in the Russian state since the 2000s, which were in the nature of recentralization and strengthening of the state’s monopoly over violence and the state’s control over organizations, can be considered as an important factor influencing the legal existence of opposition groups or organizations. The case study of Kabardino-Balkaria, traditionally a stable republic of the North Caucasus, contributes to understandings of how the transformation of the state in Russia since the late 1990s influenced the development of religious conflict and the institutionalization of Islam.

scholarly journals ON THE QUESTION OF ETHNO-LINGUISTIC CONTACTS OF MOUNTAIN JEWS WITH THE PEOPLES OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS (BASED ON ANTHROPONYMIC MATERIALS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-260
Author(s):  
Yuriy I. Murzakhanov
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Functional Nature ◽  
Language Communication ◽  
Almost All

The purpose of our research is to study the specifics of ethnolanguage contacts between mountain Jews and the peoples of the North Caucasus, which allows us to trace the ethnocultural Parallels that existed in the past between them. As you know, language is an important historical source, and since language communication involves interaction between members of an ethnic group, ethnographic group, or subethnos, it can be stated that each language is characterized by the totality of all forms of its existence: a spoken language with its division into territorial dialects, a literary language in oral and written varieties, a special cult language, etc. Accordingly, studies on the language contacts of mountain Jews with the peoples of the North Caucasus (of course, structurally diverse and genetically unrelated peoples) are of great value from the point of view of not only linguistics, but also history and Ethnography. The study of the anthroponic Fund of the North Caucasian mountain Jews is also of great interest in this regard. Anthroponymy, due to its special functional nature, is subject to rapid changes, and its composition is heterogeneous. The mountain Jews of the North Caucasus attached special importance to the naming ceremony. In the second half of the XIX – early XX century, the anthroponymicon of mountain Jews was dominated by Jewish names, but in addition to them, there was also a significant layer of names of Persian and Turkic origin, as well as names that arose on the mountain-Jewish soil proper. During the Soviet period, borrowed names (of Latin, Greek, and Slavic origin) became the predominant foreign-language names among the mountain Jews of the North Caucasus, which is typical for almost all the Caucasian peoples of the Caucasus.

Problems of preserving the norms of Adyge khabz in the context of globalization (based on the materials of a sociological study)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
Z.Kh. Guchetl ◽  
◽  
O.I. Kuskarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Ethical Codes ◽  
The North

In this article, the authors comprehend the moral and ethical phenomenon of "Adyge habz the problems of its preservation and development in modern society in the context of globalization. The study of traditions is undoubtedly relevant in modern conditions, when many ethnic groups persistently retain interest in past values, their origins and prospects. The authors note that this problem is relevant not only for the Adygs, but also for other peoples of the North Caucasus, which have their own analogues of national moral and ethical codes. Based on the results of the conducted sociological research, it is concluded that the role of Adyghism (adygag) in the system of traditional ethno-cultural values of the Adyghes has decreased, and therefore there is a need to revive and develop the national identity of the Adyghes.

Don historian P.G. Chernopitsky: “The main thing for him was the truth”

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12-1) ◽  
pp. 150-167
Author(s):  
Alexey Grishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
State University ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Collective Farm ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Life Path ◽  
Main Thing

The article tells about the life path and research work of the Don agricultural historian P.G. Chernopitsky. The stages of scientific creativity are determined, the main scientific works in the context of the era are considered, its position on the debatable problems of the Don and North Caucasus history, in particular, on the essence and stages of decossackization is determined. The contribution of P. G. Chernopitsky to the study of the socio -economic history of the Soviet pre -collective farm village, collectivization, the famine of 1932-1933 in the North Caucasus, the history of the Don Cossacks in the Soviet period is demonstrated. Relations with colleagues at Rostov State University are highlighted.

Ideology and Historical Concepts: the Evolution of Ideas about the Caucasian War in the XX – XXI Centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
Tatˈjana Aleksandrovna Nevskaja ◽  
Alla S. Kondrasheva
Keyword(s):  
General Concept ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
General Direction ◽  
The North ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Evolution Of Ideas ◽  
Marxist Concept ◽  
Ideological Attitudes

In the article, the authors attempted to consider changes in the general concept of the Caucasian war during the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries, depending on the political and ideological attitudes inherent in various historical stages. The key moments of this complex and ambiguous phenomenon are analyzed, which still cause heated discussions in science and society (name, dating, reasons, Caucasian muridism, problems of Muhajirism).It is indicated that historiography of the beginning of the twentieth century, as in the earlier period, did not dispute the legality of the establishment of Russian orders in the region. It is shown that in the Soviet period, the assessment of the movement of highlanders in the East and West Caucasus depended not only on a change in the historical paradigm, but also on a change in the general direction of state policy in the field of ideology (“national liberation struggle against tsarism”, “Shamil is a protege of Sultan Turkey and British colonialists","the struggle against the colonial policy of tsarism and against their own feudal lords"). Attention is drawn to the fact that the collapse of the USSR, the destruction of the Marxist concept of history, the development of national and separatist movements, the beginning of the Islamic revival in the North Caucasus contributed to the beginning of the active process of revising the assessments and events of the Caucasian War, which was the most striking event in the history of many peoples.The article concludes that, despite the abundance of work, scientists have not only yet to illuminate the little-studied aspects of the Caucasian war, but also to give an objective interpretation to many of its stages, based on scientific approaches, and not following political orders for the sake of one or another ideology.

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