DETERMINANTS OF INCOME SECURITY AMONG PENSIONABLE RETIRED PERSONS IN KENYA

Retirees’ income security constitutes a key concern for nations aiming to secure their ageing populations. Kenya has a growing retirement sector with about 252,000 retired civil servants who are on pension and a significant number of private sector retirees who receive a gratuity at retirement. Though formally retired workers may receive a pension, studies consistently report low pensions uptake and inadequate incomes for those retired as well as an increasing national and societal burden. This paper explores the key determinants of income security among 978retired persons who were receiving dues on their retirement savings. Guided by the life cycle and third age theory, the study investigated whether retirees’ socio-economic attributes, pre-retirement financial status, retirees’ benefit package, retirees’ utilization of retirement savings and investments and pre-retirement preparation correlated with income security. A mixed-method study design was used combining survey and case study approaches. Cluster, purposive and random sampling methods were employed to select retirees under the four categories of retirement schemes in Kenya across 18 selected counties of Kenya. Hypotheses were tested using the Chi square test of significance and comparison of means (t-test) specifically to illustrate the relationship between socio-economic indicators, pre-retirement factors and income security at retirement. Logistic regression procedure was employed to isolate the significant factors that predict income security in retirement. The binary logistic regression analysis confirm that retirees with higher education had 26% higher chances of enjoying income security, those who earned higher pre-retirement salary had 25% higher chances of having a secure income at retirement, those knowledgeable about pensions had 35% higher chances of being income secure while those who had planned for their retirement had 14% higher chances of achieving income security. The study recommends crafting of a robust retirement planning package, financial and health plans for retirees’ income security and sustainable livelihoods.

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Roosting selection by red and blue Lory (Eos histrio Muller, 1776) in Karakelang Island North Sulawesi

Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea ◽

10.18330/jwallacea.2017.vol6iss1pp61-71 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

Diah Irawati Dwi Arini ◽

Satyawan Pudyatmoko ◽

Erny Poedjirahajoe

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Chi Square ◽

Canopy Density ◽

North Sulawesi ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Parrot Species ◽

Roost Trees ◽

Selection Of ◽

Analyze Data

The Red and blue lory is an endemic parrot species from Talaud Islands, North Sulawesi. The use of existing resources is suspected that occurs of selection including the roosting trees. The research aims to identifying the characteristics of Red and Blue Lory roost tree and determining variables in its selection. We measured 14 variables to identify the characteristics and selection of roost tree. Mann-Whitney test, T-test, Chi-sqare test and Binary Logistic Regression were employed to analyze data. We detected 11 roost trees in study field, there are Gehe (Pometia coriacea Radkl) nine individual, Binsar (Ficus variegata) and Lawean (Sterculia sp) one individual. The Chi-square test identified five variables which related to roost tree selection, i.e; branch-free bole length, canopy diameter, canopy density and the number of trees around the roost tree on diameter 20 - 40 cm and > 41 cm. The Logistic regression analysis detected three variables that gave the most influence on roost tree selection, but branch-free bole length gave the most influence on roost tree selection.

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The contingent valuation for the preservation of three urban green parks

Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais ◽

10.6008/cbpc2179-6858.2020.003.0021 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 251-263

Author(s):

José Francisco dos Reis Neto ◽

Michelle Da Rosa Lopes ◽

Celso Correia de Souza ◽

Marlucy Ferreira Machado Xavier

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Well Being ◽

Environmental Conservation ◽

Local Economy ◽

Environmental Research ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Chi Square ◽

Urban Green ◽

Chi Square Test

Urban green parks, considered as natural resources, should be seen as strategic elements for conservation of natural resources, socialization, health and well-being, since it significantly influences the local economy. The research sought to quantify the Willingness to Pay (WTP) for environmental conservation and its influencing factors, indicated by the population using three urban parks in Campo Grande, MS, Brazil: Parque das Nações Indígenas (PNI); Parque Ayrton Senna (PAS); and Parque Matas do Segredo (PMS). It was a quantitative approach, interviewing 824 users from the three parks object of the research, highlighting those who know and frequent the parks. A structured questionnaire was used, divided into groups of variables to identify the perceptions of socioeconomic, maintenance and preservation of parks, satisfaction with the equipment offered, and with the environmental preservation and maintenance of the Parks. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were used to compare the independence between the proportions obtained for each Park, at the level of significance at p <0.05, bilateral. A binary logistic regression analysis of discrete variables was also performed to identify the factors that may influence the user of the Park to WTP of environmental conservation. As a result, it was identified that there is satisfaction in the Parks, in relation to the questions: place for social interaction, appearance, attractiveness, calm, cozy, beautiful and clean environment. In relation to WTP, it was identified that the people who attend the Parks are willing to pay for the protection and environmental conservation of these. This article has its academic importance in contributing to the knowledge of the importance of Urban Green Parks, as well as providing indications for the evolution of others socio-environmental research projects. Under the business scope, it provides data and conclusions for the direction of public policies enlist the population and entrepreneurs to strengthen the preservation and maintenance.

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Retrospective Analysis of Bladder Cancer Morphology and Depth of Invasion Under Cystoscopy

10.21203/rs.3.rs-863072/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hu chen ◽

Yang hong ◽

Bai yu ◽

Li ruiqian ◽

Li Jun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bladder Cancer ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Depth Of Invasion ◽

Independent Factor ◽

Spearman Correlation ◽

Invasion Depth ◽

Chi Square ◽

Tumor Morphology ◽

Chi Square Test

Abstract Background: The pathological diagnosis of bladder cancer workup relies on cystoscopy, however, due to sampling restriction, the depth of local invasion is often understaged. Methods: A total of 386 patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma underwent follow-up. The data collected included age, sex, tumor size, surgical options, histologic grade, invasive depth, lymph node metastasis, and oncological outcomes, and the patients were divided into coral-like and crumb-like groups. These data were analyzed with the chi-square test, binary logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier analysis, univariable and multivariable logistic regression and Spearman correlation test. Results: Bladder tumor morphology was moderately correlated with invasion depth (ρ=0.492, p<0.001; Spearman correlation), which was associated with invasion status (HR = 8.27; 95% CI: 4.3–15.79, p<0.001). Tumor morphology was not an independent factor for OS but was associated with PFS. Outer invasion depth was an independent factor that was significantly associated with inferior OS and PFS. Conclusions: Tumor morphology (coral-like and crumb-like) under cystoscopy was related to the depth of invasion. The outer invasive depth of BC was an independent factor that was significantly associated with inferior OS and PFS.

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VARIOUS FACTORS INVOLVED DURING SAFE LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY IN CASES OF EMPYEMA GALL BLADDER

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal ◽

10.51253/pafmj.v71i2.2791 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (2) ◽

pp. 540-44

Author(s):

Muhammad Ismail ◽

Nasir Mehmood Watto ◽

Muhammad Qasim Butt ◽

Fareeha Naz

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Gall Bladder ◽

Strong Association ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Military Hospital ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Chi Square Test

Objective: To evaluate the various factors involved during the safe cholecystectomy performed by laparoscopic method in cases of empyema of gall bladder operated at Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi. Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from Nov 2017 to Mar 2019. Methodology: This study was performed on 70 patients undergoing cholecystectomy by laparoscopic method for empyema gall bladder during the study period. Adverse effects after the procedure were assessed in detail at 48 hours, at time of discharge and two weeks after the procedure on all the participants. Demographic profile and other factors were compared in the groups with and without the complications by using the chi-square test and binary logistic regression. Results: Out of 70 patients included in the final analysis 24 (34.3%) were male and 46 (65.7%) were female. Mean age of patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for empyema gall bladder in our study was 42.43 ± 3.161 years. Bile duct perforation and leakage 6 (8.5%) was the commonest complication among the patients included in our study followed by surgical site infection 5 (7.1%). With binary logistic regression we found that presence of co-morbids and high preoperative C reactive protein had a strong association with presence of complications among the patients undergoing cholecystectomy in our study while age, gender, transfusion during surgery were not linked with the complications during or after the study. Conclusion: Limited number of patients faced the complications during or after the surgery. Patients with co-morbid.............

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Determinants of Developing Symptomatic Disease in Ethiopian COVID-19 Patients

10.1101/2020.10.09.20209734 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tigist W. Leulseged ◽

Degu G. Alemahu ◽

Ishmael S. Hassen ◽

Endalkachew H. Maru ◽

Wuletaw C. Zewde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Management Practice ◽

Care Center ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Symptomatic Disease ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test

ABSTRACTBackgroundStudies show that having some symptoms seems to be associated with more severe disease and poor prognosis. Therefore, knowing who is more susceptible to symptomatic COVID-19 disease is important to provide targeted preventive and management practice. The aim of the study was to assess the determinants of having symptomatic disease among COVID-19 patients admitted to Millennium COVID-19 Care Center in Ethiopia.MethodsA case-control study was conducted from August to September 2020 among a randomly selected 765 COVID-19 patients (372 Asymptomatic and 393 Symptomatic patients). Chi-square test and independent t-test were used to detect the presence of a statistically significant difference in the characteristics of the cases (symptomatic) and controls (asymptomatic), where p-value of <0.05 considered as having a statistically significant difference. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to assess a statistically significant association between the independent variables and developing symptomatic COVID-19 where Adjusted Odds ratio (AOR), 95% CIs for AOR, and P-values were used for testing significance and interpretation of results.ResultsThe result of the multivariable binary logistic regression shows that age group (AOR= 1.818, 95% CI= 1.210, 2.731, p-value=0.004 for 30-39 years; AOR= 1.611, 95% CI= 1.016, 2.554, p-value=0.043 for 40-49 years and AOR= 4.076, 95% CI= 2.582, 6.435, p-value=0.0001 for years and above), sex (AOR= 1.672, 95% CI= 1.216, 2.299, p-value=0.002) and history of diabetes mellitus (AOR= 2.406, 95% CI= 1.384, 4.181, p-value=0.002) were found to be significant factors that determine the development of symptomatic disease in COVID-19 patients.ConclusionsDeveloping a symptomatic COVID-19 disease was found to be determined by exposures of old age, male sex, and being diabetic. Therefore, patients with the above factors should be given enough attention in the prevention and management process, including inpatient management, to pick symptoms earlier and to manage accordingly so that these patients can have a favorable treatment outcome.

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Evaluating negative attitudes of the students and shoppers towards halal cosmetics products

Journal of Islamic Marketing ◽

10.1108/jima-03-2020-0067 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Mominul Islam

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Model ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽

Chi Square ◽

Negative Attitudes ◽

Content Type ◽

Animal Fat ◽

Chi Square Test

Purpose This study aims to reveal how consumers and shoppers are negative toward alcohol, animal fat, producers and certification issues concerned with halal cosmetics products. Design/methodology/approach In total, 527 students of 4 public universities and a medical college across Bangladesh took part in a survey and 150 shoppers from 2 cities participated in the face to face interview with the structured questionnaires. Frequency distribution was used for categorical and numerical data, and the chi-square test with a binary logistic regression model has tested the association between gender and attitudes toward halal cosmetics. Besides, narratives of Sharīʿah regarding alcohol, meat, fat and halal certification have helped understand the halal issue. Findings In total, 83% of the respondents perceived negative attitudes against haram animal fat followed by alcohol (74%) and animal fat (64%). The chi-square test shows that consumers held a significant association toward haram animal fat, (p-value 0.000) alcohol, (p-value 0.000) non-Muslim producers (p-value 0.000) and non-Muslim countries (p-value 0.026). Imperatively, the binary logistic regression model has found a significant negative association to haram animal fat (ß2 −0.295) and alcohol (ß1 −0.200). Practical implications Marketers ought to avoid haram animal fat in halal cosmetics besides focusing on alcohol freeness. Also, non-Muslim marketers need to be extra cautious in showcasing their identities. However, Islamic marketers will enjoy a competitive advantage in the halal market because of their demographic factors. Social implications Islamic principles on alcohol, meat, fat and certification potentially can help other stakeholders sense the halal norms. Originality/value This study has blended the elements of Sharīʿah with empirical evidence to shed light on the fundamental and trust factors for the marketing of halal cosmetics products.

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Nutritional Status is Associated with Permanent Tooth Eruption in a Group of Brazilian School Children

Global Pediatric Health ◽

10.1177/2333794x211034088 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 2333794X2110340

Author(s):

Caio L. B. Reis ◽

Mariane C. F. Barbosa ◽

Suelyn Henklein ◽

Isabela R. Madalena ◽

Daniela C. de Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Permanent Tooth ◽

Tooth Eruption ◽

Primary Tooth ◽

Chi Square ◽

Expected Time ◽

Chi Square Test

The present study aimed to investigate the association between nutritional status with delayed tooth eruption (DTE). Oral examination was performed in schoolchildren (8-11 years old), and DTE was defined by absence of dental gingival emergence or when primary tooth was still present in the oral cavity after the expected time. BMI z-score of each child were collected and nutritional status was defined. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression adjusted by age and gender were performed. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) were calculated. The established alpha was 5%. Among 353 included children, 247 were classified as eutrophic, 16 as underweight, 64 as overweight, and 26 as obese. Underweight was associated as a risk factor to DTE ( P = .014; OR = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.3-9.8), and underweight girls had more chance to present DTE than eutrophic girls ( P = .048; OR = 4.4; 95% CI = 1.1-17.2) in chi square test. In logistic regression, underweight was associated as a risk factor to DTE (OR = 4.21; CI 95% = 1.42-12.43; P = .009). Underweight children have a higher risk of DTE in permanents.

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Association of Self-Perceived Psychological Stress with the Periodontal Health of Socially Deprived Women in Shelter Homes

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18105160 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 5160

Author(s):

Syeda A. Tanveer ◽

Ashar Afaq ◽

Montaser N. Alqutub ◽

Nada Aldahiyan ◽

Abdulrahman M. AlMubarak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Psychological Stress ◽

Stress Level ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Age Group ◽

Periodontal Health ◽

Chi Square ◽

Periodontal Status ◽

Periodontal Index ◽

Chi Square Test

The present study aimed to assess the effect of self-perceived psychological stress on the periodontal health of socially deprived women. The study included three hundred and eighty-five socially deprived women residing in shelter homes. The presence of stress and its severity was assessed by using Sheldon Cohen’s 10-item perceived stress scale (PSS), and periodontal health status was assessed utilizing the community periodontal index. Statistical analyses were performed using an independent sample t-test, a one-way ANOVA, the Pearson chi-Square test, and binary logistic regression. Results: A total of 385 samples were included, the majority of whom (n = 297; 72.5%) belonged to the age group of 15–30 years. There were 34 (8.8%) participants who were educated up to graduate level. A total of 47.8% of the women were found with healthy periodontal status, and 52.5% of the samples were diagnosed with major psychological stress. Half of the samples (201-52.2%) had a periodontal problem. The mean PSS was found statistically significant concerning age group, education, and psychological stress level. In the univariate logistic regression analysis, a significant association of periodontal status was observed with the age group 31–45 years [(OR = 1.76; 95% C.I (1.11–2.78)] and with a major psychological stress level [(OR = 2.60; 95% C.I (1.72–3.93)]. Psychosocial stress among socially deprived women was found to be a risk factor for periodontal disease.

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Analysis of Risk Factors with the Degree of Pelvic Organs Prolapse at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang

BioScientia Medicina ◽

10.32539/bsm.v5i4.366 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 915-918

Author(s):

Hadrians Kesuma Putra ◽

Callista Zahra Aidi ◽

M. Zulkarnain

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pelvic Organ Prolapse ◽

General Hospital ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Pelvic Organ ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pelvic Organs ◽

Chi Square Test

Background. Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a condition in which one or more pelvic organs (consisting of the uterus, vaginal cuff, bladder, intestines, and rectum) or more are still in or out of the vagina. Risk factors that influence the incidence of POP consist of obstetric risk factors (number of parity and birth method) and non-obstetric risk factors (age, menopause, BMI, comorbid disease, and hypertension). The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk factors associated with the degree of POP. Methods. This study is an observational study with a cross-sectional approach to 111 patients examined at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin general hospital Palembang on January 2017 to December 2019, who was diagnosed with pelvic organ prolapse. Results. The results showed the effect of variables with the degree of POP using the chi-square test, consisting of parity (p=0.007), birth method (p=<0.001), age (p=0.016), menopause (p=0.001), BMI (p =0.005), indicates that there is a significant effect on the degree of POP. Meanwhile, comorbid factors (p=0.481) and hypertension (p=0.415) did not show a significant relationship with the degree of POP. The results of the binary logistic regression analysis of all risk factors, the number of parity >4, overweight, and age 40 years, will have a 99.85% chance of experiencing grade 3 or 4 prolapse. Conclusion. Age is the most dominant risk factor affecting the degree of pelvic organ prolapse, with 19 times the chance of developing POP 3 or 4 degrees.

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Measuring the Caesarean Risk Factors in Bangladesh by Using Binary Logistic Regression Model

Asian Journal of Probability and Statistics ◽

10.9734/ajpas/2019/v3i330094 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Sabrina Rahaman ◽

Md. Murad Hossain ◽

Fahima Akter Ankhi ◽

Madhusudan Roy

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Focal Point ◽

Auxiliary Information ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Wealth Index ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽

Community Based ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test

Caesarean section (CS) has been on the rise worldwide and Bangladesh is no exception. In Bangladesh, the CS rate, which includes both institutional and community-based deliveries, has increased from about 3% in 2000 to about 24% in 2014. Rather than numerous impediments, cesarean conveyances are most basic among woman’s however it is not clinically advocated. For enhancing the maternal wellbeing status, it is basic to decide the risk components of cesarean conveyance. The primary focal point of this examination is to research and recognize the cesarean risk factors in the entire territory of Bangladesh. For this investigation, we have gathered auxiliary information from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2014. This dataset has one record for every eligible woman as defined by the household schedule. It contains 17864 data which is collected in the woman's questionnaire plus some variables from the household. For the examination, a chi-square test was performed to identify the significant association between conveyance type (cesarean/non-cesarean) and socio-demographic and financial factor's individual. A binary logistic regression was completed to recognize the most effective factors on cesarean conveyance. We found that 5 factors (i.e respondent age, respondent highest education level, husband’s occupation, type of place of residence, wealth index) were measurably connected with conveyance type out of 13 chance elements. From this investigation, it is obvious to us that the above powerful factors may influences the mother's wellbeing status in Bangladesh.

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