The Sustainability Challenge: New Perspectives on the use of Microbial Approaches and their Impact on Food and Feed

Amaranth is a valuable food and feed crop that can solve the problem of vegetable protein in animal husbandry. The aim of the research was to study elements of amaranth cultivation technology: the dose of nitrogen fertilizers (without fertilizers, N15, N20, N25) and the row spacing (15, 30, 45 cm). The work was carried out on sod-podzolic medium loamy gleyic soil on the experimental field of FSBEI HE Yaroslavl State Agricultural Academy in 2018. The studied parameters were determined according to generally ac-cepted methods. The use of nitrogen fertilizers contributed to a significant increase in leaf area and pho-tosynthetic potential of amaranth crops at the highest values of the background N20 – 4.7 thousand m2 / ha and 324.08 thousand m2 / ha × days, respectively. Increase in row spacing when sowing amaranth raised the leaf surface area value, accumulation of dry aboveground mass, photosynthetic potential, ger-mination and safety at maximum values in the variant with a row spacing of 45 cm. abundance of weed flea, cereal aphid and sunflower fire. Sowing amaranth with a width of 45 cm between rows caused a sta-tistically significant decrease in the number of studied pests, as well as the number and dry weight of young and perennial weeds. The use of nitrogen fertilizers in a dose of 25 kg AI / ha contributed to a sig-nificant decrease in the yield of amaranth green mass from 145.12 q / ha on the «no-fertilizer» variant to 127.93 q / ha, with maximum values for the background N20 – 156, 55 kg / ha. Thus, the greatest effi- 128 ciency was shown by the introduction of nitrogen fertilizers at a dose of 20 kg ai / ha when sown with a row spacing of 45 cm.

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Mycotoxins in Food and Feed: Extraction, Analysis and Emerging Technologies for Rapid and on-Field Detection

Recent Patents on Food Nutrition & Agriculturee ◽

10.2174/2212798411002020140 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 140-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Laura Anfossi ◽

Claudio Baggiani ◽

Cristina Giovannoli ◽

Gianfranco Giraudi

Keyword(s):

Emerging Technologies ◽

Field Detection ◽

Food And Feed

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Establishment of a Genome Editing Tool Using CRISPR-Cas9 in Chlorella vulgaris UTEX395

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22020480 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 480

Author(s):

Jongrae Kim ◽

Kwang Suk Chang ◽

Sangmuk Lee ◽

EonSeon Jin

Keyword(s):

Genome Editing ◽

Chlorella Vulgaris ◽

Negative Selection ◽

Screening Strategy ◽

Feed Additive ◽

Cell Factory ◽

Dna Transformation ◽

Research Groups ◽

A Genome ◽

Food And Feed

To date, Chlorella vulgaris is the most used species of microalgae in the food and feed additive industries, and also considered as a feasible cell factory for bioproducts. However, the lack of an efficient genetic engineering tool makes it difficult to improve the physiological characteristics of this species. Therefore, the development of new strategic approaches such as genome editing is trying to overcome this hurdle in many research groups. In this study, the possibility of editing the genome of C. vulgaris UTEX395 using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (Cas9) has been proven to target nitrate reductase (NR) and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APT). Genome-edited mutants, nr and apt, were generated by a DNA-mediated and/or ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-mediated CRISPR-Cas9 system, and isolated based on the negative selection against potassium chlorate or 2-fluoroadenine in place of antibiotics. The null mutation of edited genes was demonstrated by the expression level of the correspondent proteins or the mutation of transcripts, and through growth analysis under specific nutrient conditions. In conclusion, this study offers relevant empirical evidence of the possibility of genome editing in C. vulgaris UTEX395 by CRISPR-Cas9 and the practical methods. Additionally, among the generated mutants, nr can provide an easier screening strategy during DNA transformation than the use of antibiotics owing to their auxotrophic characteristics. These results will be a cornerstone for further advancement of the genetics of C. vulgaris.

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Solar-Powered Carbon Fixation for Food and Feed Production Using Microorganisms—A Comparative Techno-Economic Analysis

ACS Omega ◽

10.1021/acsomega.0c04926 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (51) ◽

pp. 33242-33252

Author(s):

Marja Nappa ◽

Michael Lienemann ◽

Camilla Tossi ◽

Peter Blomberg ◽

Jussi Jäntti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Economic Analysis ◽

Carbon Fixation ◽

Feed Production ◽

Food And Feed ◽

Solar Powered

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Identification of the Optimum Environments for the High Yield and Quality Traits of Lentil Genotypes Evaluated in Multi-Location Trials

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13158247 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 8247

Author(s):

Dimitrios N. Vlachostergios ◽

Christos Noulas ◽

Anastasia Kargiotidou ◽

Dimitrios Baxevanos ◽

Evangelia Tigka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

High Yield ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Food And Feed ◽

Superior Genotypes ◽

Selection Of ◽

The Ideal

Lentil is a versatile and profitable pulse crop with high nutritional food and feed values. The objectives of the study were to determine suitable locations for high yield and quality in terms of production and/or breeding, and to identify promising genotypes. For this reason, five lentil genotypes were evaluated in a multi-location network consisting of ten diverse sites for two consecutive growing seasons, for seed yield (SY), other agronomic traits, crude protein (CP), cooking time (CT) and crude protein yield (CPY). A significant diversification and specialization of the locations was identified with regards to SY, CP, CT and CPY. Different locations showed optimal values for each trait. Locations E4 and E3, followed by E10, were “ideal” for SY; locations E1, E3 and E7 were ideal for high CP; and the “ideal” locations for CT were E3 and E5, followed by E2. Therefore, the scope of the cultivation determined the optimum locations for lentil cultivation. The GGE-biplot analysis revealed different discriminating abilities and representativeness among the locations for the identification of the most productive and stable genotypes. Location E3 (Orestiada, Region of Thrace) was recognized as being optimal for lentil breeding, as it was the “ideal” or close to “ideal” for the selection of superior genotypes for SY, CP, CT and CPY. Adaptable genotypes (cv. Dimitra, Samos) showed a high SY along with excellent values for CP, CT and CPY, and are suggested either for cultivation in many regions or to be exploited in breeding programs.

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Microalgal Cell Biofactory—Therapeutic, Nutraceutical and Functional Food Applications

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10050836 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 836

Author(s):

Boda Ravi Kiran ◽

S. Venkata Mohan

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Well Being ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Microalgal Biomass ◽

Aquaculture Feed ◽

Biological Extracts ◽

Food And Feed ◽

Food Applications ◽

Environmental Requirements ◽

Health And Well Being

Microalgae are multifaceted photosynthetic microorganisms with emerging business potential. They are present ubiquitously in terrestrial and aquatic environments with rich species diversity and are capable of producing significant biomass. Traditionally, microalgal biomass is being used as food and feed in many countries around the globe. The production of microalgal-based bioactive compounds at an industrial scale through biotechnological interventions is gaining interest more recently. The present review provides a detailed overview of the key algal metabolites, which plays a crucial role in nutraceutical, functional foods, and animal/aquaculture feed industries. Bioactive compounds of microalgae known to exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor, and immunomodulatory effects were comprehensively reviewed. The potential microalgal species and biological extracts against human pathogens were also discussed. Further, current technologies involved in upstream and downstream bioprocessing including cultivation, harvesting, and cell disruption were documented. Establishing microalgae as an alternative supplement would complement the sustainable and environmental requirements in the framework of human health and well-being.

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