Mycorrhizal Symbioses Enhance Competitive Weed Growth in Biochar and Nutrient-Amended Soils

Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) is a highly competitive weed in agroecosystems that is well-studied for its efficient nitrogen (N) acquisition, yet research on its phosphorus (P) uptake is lacking. One pathway may be through symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) which increase nutrient acquisition. These AMF benefits can be further enhanced by soil amendment with biochar, although effects may vary with different biochar production characteristics. We implemented a fully factorial nutrient and biochar addition experiment in a greenhouse for six months to determine how AMF nutrient uptake impacts plant growth and how these effects vary between two biochar types. We measured total above- and belowground biomass, plant tissue concentration (N and P), AMF colonization and activity rates, and soil media N and P availability. Overall, we observed few statistically significant results, however AMF N uptake may have been more beneficial to velvetleaf than AMF P uptake as evidenced by increased biomass and tissue N concentrations in treatments where N was only accessible by AMF. Additionally, by maintaining root to shoot ratios biochar may have provided plants with N and P (through sorption of nutrients to surfaces or its inherent properties) when nutrients were more difficult to access. We also found variable plant responses across the two biochar types used. Understanding how nutrient and biochar additions can influence weed competition is important for anticipating potential undesirable consequences of novel soil amendments such as biochar.

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The Phosphate Inhibition Paradigm: Host and Fungal Genotypes Determine Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Colonization and Responsiveness to Inoculation in Cassava With Increasing Phosphorus Supply

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.693037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Ricardo Alexander Peña Venegas ◽

Soon-Jae Lee ◽

Moses Thuita ◽

Deusdedit Peter Mlay ◽

Cargele Masso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Field Trials ◽

P Uptake ◽

Fungal Colonization ◽

P Availability ◽

Terrestrial Plants ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal ◽

P Supply

A vast majority of terrestrial plants are dependent on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for their nutrient acquisition. AMF act as an extension of the root system helping phosphate uptake. In agriculture, harnessing the symbiosis can potentially increase plant growth. Application of the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis has been demonstrated to increase the yields of various crops. However, there is a paradigm that AMF colonization of roots, as well as the plant benefits afforded by inoculation with AMF, decreases with increasing phosphorus (P) supply in the soil. The paradigm suggests that when fertilized with sufficient P, inoculation of crops would not be beneficial. However, the majority of experiments demonstrating the paradigm were conducted in sterile conditions without a background AMF or soil microbial community. Interestingly, intraspecific variation in R. irregularis can greatly alter the yield of cassava even at a full application of the recommended P dose. Cassava is a globally important crop, feeding 800 million people worldwide, and a crop that is highly dependent on AMF for P uptake. In this study, field trials were conducted at three locations in Kenya and Tanzania using different AMF and cassava varieties under different P fertilization levels to test if the paradigm occurs in tropical field conditions. We found that AMF colonization and inoculation responsiveness of cassava does not always decrease with an increased P supply as expected by the paradigm. The obtained results demonstrate that maximizing the inoculation responsiveness of cassava is not necessarily only in conditions of low P availability, but that this is dependent on cassava and fungal genotypes. Thus, the modeling of plant symbiosis with AMF under different P levels in nature should be considered with caution.

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Amending Soil With Biochar From Available Agricultural Wastes to Improve Sustainability of Cotton Production in Mali

10.21203/rs.3.rs-945517/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jake Mowrer ◽

Ginette Dembele ◽

Andrea Strzelec ◽

Binita Thapa

Keyword(s):

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

N Uptake ◽

Clay Content ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

P Uptake ◽

Cotton Field ◽

Cotton Production ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Soil P ◽

Compost Amendment

Abstract Improving the sustainability of cotton production in Mali can be achieved by returning organic matter and nutrients to degraded soils. Amendment with biochar prepared from locally available feedstocks has been suggested as a pathway to sustainability. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the effect of biochar prepared from two feedstocks readily available in Mali, cotton field residue and rice hulls, on cotton plants grown to six weeks. A composted municipal biosolid was included for comparison with the more carbon-stable biochars. Four soils of contrasting properties were included in the study. Plants were measured for shoot height and mass, root length and mass, whole plant tissue nutrients, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization in roots. Shoot height was often improved by amendment in all soils. Root mass was improved by amendment only in the soil with the greatest clay content. Nitrogen (N) uptake was significantly depressed, and phosphorus (P) uptake was increased under biochar and compost amendment in the most coarsely textured soil. No effect on N and P uptake was observed in the soil with the greatest clay content. Ridge regression analysis showed that AMF root colonization was positively related to the P content of the amendments (1.411*Pamend), negatively related to soil P (-0.486*Psoil) and positively related to both soil pH (2.153*pH) and clay content (1.129*clay%). Results indicate that degraded soils may be restored through amendment with biochar created from locally available feedstock to improve sustainability of cotton production. Soil properties will determine the degree of benefit.

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Temporal dynamics of mycorrhizal fungal communities and co-associations with grassland plant communities following experimental manipulation of rainfall

10.32942/osf.io/t82ug ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Coline Deveautour ◽

Sally Power ◽

Kirk Barnett ◽

Raul Ochoa-Hueso ◽

Suzanne Donn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Composition ◽

Plant Community ◽

Plant Communities ◽

Fungal Community ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Fungal Communities ◽

Plant Responses ◽

Rainfall Regimes

Climate models project overall a reduction in rainfall amounts and shifts in the timing of rainfall events in mid-latitudes and sub-tropical dry regions, which threatens the productivity and diversity of grasslands. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may help plants to cope with expected changes but may also be impacted by changing rainfall, either via the direct effects of low soil moisture on survival and function or indirectly via changes in the plant community. In an Australian mesic grassland (former pasture) system, we characterised plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities every six months for nearly four years to two altered rainfall regimes: i) ambient, ii) rainfall reduced by 50% relative to ambient over the entire year and iii) total summer rainfall exclusion. Using Illumina sequencing, we assessed the response of AM fungal communities sampled from contrasting rainfall treatments and evaluated whether variation in AM fungal communities was associated with variation in plant community richness and composition. We found that rainfall reduction influenced the fungal communities, with the nature of the response depending on the type of manipulation, but that consistent results were only observed after more than two years of rainfall manipulation. We observed significant co-associations between plant and AM fungal communities on multiple dates. Predictive co-correspondence analyses indicated more support for the hypothesis that fungal community composition influenced plant community composition than vice versa. However, we found no evidence that altered rainfall regimes were leading to distinct co-associations between plants and AM fungi. Overall, our results provide evidence that grassland plant communities are intricately tied to variation in AM fungal communities. However, in this system, plant responses to climate change may not be directly related to impacts of altered rainfall regimes on AM fungal communities. Our study shows that AM fungal communities respond to changes in rainfall but that this effect was not immediate. The AM fungal community may influence the composition of the plant community. However, our results suggest that plant responses to altered rainfall regimes at our site may not be resulting via changes in the AM fungal communities.

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Contribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Phosphate–Solubilizing Bacteria, and Silicon to P Uptake by Plant

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.699618 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Hassan Etesami ◽

Byoung Ryong Jeong ◽

Bernard R. Glick

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Crop Production ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

P Availability ◽

Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Phosphate Solubilizing ◽

P Fertilizers

Phosphorus (P) availability is usually low in soils around the globe. Most soils have a deficiency of available P; if they are not fertilized, they will not be able to satisfy the P requirement of plants. P fertilization is generally recommended to manage soil P deficiency; however, the low efficacy of P fertilizers in acidic and in calcareous soils restricts P availability. Moreover, the overuse of P fertilizers is a cause of significant environmental concerns. However, the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), phosphate–solubilizing bacteria (PSB), and the addition of silicon (Si) are effective and economical ways to improve the availability and efficacy of P. In this review the contributions of Si, PSB, and AMF in improving the P availability is discussed. Based on what is known about them, the combined strategy of using Si along with AMF and PSB may be highly useful in improving the P availability and as a result, its uptake by plants compared to using either of them alone. A better understanding how the two microorganism groups and Si interact is crucial to preserving soil fertility and improving the economic and environmental sustainability of crop production in P deficient soils. This review summarizes and discusses the current knowledge concerning the interactions among AMF, PSB, and Si in enhancing P availability and its uptake by plants in sustainable agriculture.

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Effect of Phosphate Fertilizer and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on The Nutrient, Phosphateuptake and in Vitro Digestibility of Alfalfa

Buletin Peternakan ◽

10.21059/buletinpeternak.v40i3.12401 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 203 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bambang Suwignyo ◽

Bela Putra ◽

Nafiatul Umami ◽

Cahyo Wulandari ◽

Ristianto Utomo

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Phosphate Fertilizer ◽

P Uptake ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

P Fertilizer ◽

Total P

This study aimed to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphate (P) fertilizer on the nutrient content, phosphate uptake and in vitro digestibility of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.).The research was conducted at green house of Forage and Pastures Science Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Science Universitas Gadjah Mada. The experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design using 3x4 factorial patterns with four replications. The first factor was dosage of phosphate fertilizer SP 36 (0, 60, and 120 kg/ha). Second factor was the dosage of AMF (0, 0.8, 1.6, and 2.4kg/ha). The variable measured was nutrient contents (crude protein, dry matter, and organic matter), total P uptake and dry matter and organic matter in vitro digestibility. The results showed that the interaction of AMF and P fertilizer had no significant effect on crude protein and total P uptake, but highly significant effect on the parameters of dry matter, organic matter and dry matter and organic matter in vitro digestibility.

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Dual Inoculation With Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Phosphorus Solubilizing Fungi Synergistically Enhances the Mobilization and Plant Uptake of Phosphorus From Meat and Bone Meal

Frontiers in Soil Science ◽

10.3389/fsoil.2021.757839 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

Author(s):

Bhupinder Singh Jatana ◽

Christopher Kitchens ◽

Christopher Ray ◽

Patrick Gerard ◽

Nishanth Tharayil

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

P Uptake ◽

Mineral Nutrient ◽

Meat And Bone Meal ◽

Bone Meal ◽

Simultaneous Application ◽

Plant P Uptake ◽

P Mobilization

Phosphorus (P) is the second most important mineral nutrient for plant growth and plays a vital role in maintaining global food security. The natural phosphorus reserves [phosphate rock (PR)] are declining at an unprecedented rate, which will threaten the sustainable food supply in near future. Rendered animal byproducts such as meat and bone meal (MBM), could serve as a sustainable alternative to meet crop phosphorus demand. Even though nitrogen (N) from MBM is readily mineralized within a few days, >75% of the P in MBM is present as calcium phosphate that is sparingly available to plants. Thus, application of MBM with the aim of meeting crop N demand could result in buildup of P reserves in soil, which necessitates the need to improve the P mobilization from MBM to achieve higher plant P use efficiency. Here, we tested the potential of two microbial inoculum-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and P solubilizing fungi (Penicillium bilaiae), in improving the mobilization of P from MBM and the subsequent P uptake by maize (Zea mays). Compared to the non-inoculated MBM control, the application of P. bilaiae increased the P mobilization from MBM by more than two-fold and decreased the content of calcium bound P in the soil by 26%. However, despite this mobilization, P. bilaiae did not increase the tissue content of P in maize. On the other hand, AMF inoculation with MBM increased the plant root, shoot biomass, and plant P uptake as compared to non-inoculated control, but did not decrease the calcium bound P fraction of the soil, indicating there was limited P mobilization. The simultaneous application of both AMF and P. bilaiae in association with MBM resulted in the highest tissue P uptake of maize with a concomitant decrease in the calcium bound P in the soil, indicating the complementary functional traits of AMF and P. bilaiae in plant P nutrition from MBM. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation with MBM also increased the plant photosynthesis rate (27%) and root phosphomonoesterase activity (40%), which signifies the AMF associated regulation of plant physiology. Collectively, our results demonstrate that P mobilization and uptake efficiency from MBM could be improved with the combined use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and P. bilaiae.

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Evaluasi produksi dan kualitas inokulum fungi mikoriza arbuskula yang diproduksi dengan teknik hidroponik pada rumput Brachiaria decumbens var. mullato

Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan ◽

10.29244/jintp.16.2.10-19 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

A T Aryanto ◽

P DMH Karti ◽

I Prihantoro

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Mass Production ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Block Design ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

P Uptake ◽

Brachiaria Decumbens ◽

Technique System

ABSTRAK Pengembangan hijauan membutuhkan pupuk ramah lingkungan. Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskular (FMA) adalah asosiasi yang melibatkan jamur dan akar yang dianggap sebagai pupuk hayati untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman dan toleran dari kondisi lingkungan. Ketersediaan FMA masih jarang, sehingga dibutuhkan produksi massal untuk dapat mendukung pengembangan hijauan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan inokulum AMF menggunakan sistem hidroponik dalam jumlah besar secara efektif. Penelitian ini dibagi menjadi 2 tahap. Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial yang digunakan pada tahap pertama dengan faktor A adalah jenis sistem irigasi (Manual, Drip dan Nutrien Film Technique System (NFT)) dan B adalah larutan nutrisi (AB Mix dan Hyponex Red) dengan Pueraria javanica sebagai tanaman inang. Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dilakukan pada tahap kedua dengan menggunakan produksi inokulum FMA dari tahap pertama dengan Brachiaria decumbens var Mullato sebagai tanaman inang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi antara sistem NFT dan AB Mix signifikan (P<0,05) menghasilkan bahan kering tajuk, bahan kering akar dan spora paling tinggi. Semua tipe sistem irigasi dan nutrisi menunjukkan infeksi akar>96%. FMA inokulasi di Brachiaria decumbes var Mulato signifikan(P <0,05) pada bahan kering tajuk, kandungan N, kandungan P dan serapan P. Kata kunci: Brachiaria decumbes, FMA, sistem Drip, sistem NFT, Pueraria javanica, ABSTRACTForage mass production development requires environmental friendly fertilizer. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) are mutualitic symbioses between plant and fungi that considered as natural biofertilizer with benefit to improve plant productivitity and environment stress tolerance. The availability of AMF is still low, so it takes mass production to be able to support forage development. The aim of the research was to produce AMF inoculum using hydroponic system in large quantities. This research divided into 2 stages. The factorial randomized block design was used for the first stage with A factor was type of irrigation system (Manual, Drip and Nutrient Film Technique System (NFT)) and B was the nutritional solution (AB Mix and Hyponex Red) using Pueraria javanica as host plant. Completely randomized design was conducted for the second stage by using AMF inoculum production from first stage using Brachiariadecumbens var Mullat as host plant. The best result was a combination beetwen NFT system and AB Mix significantly (P<0.05) produce highest shoot dry matter, root dry matter and spore production. All type of irrigation system and nutrition showed root infection >96%. AMF inoculation in Brachiariadecumbes var Mulato was significant different (P<0.05) on shoot dry matter, N content, P content and P uptake. Keywords: AMF, B. decumbes, Drip system, NFT system, P. javanica,

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate abiotic stresses in potato plants caused by low phosphorus and deficit irrigation/partial root-zone drying

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859618000023 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 156 (1) ◽

pp. 46-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Caixia Liu ◽

Sabine Ravnskov ◽

Fulai Liu ◽

Gitte H. Rubæk ◽

Mathias N. Andersen

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Growth Response ◽

Root Zone ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

N Uptake ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

P Fertilization ◽

Low Phosphorus

AbstractDeficit irrigation (DI) improves water use efficiency (WUE), but the reduced water input often limits plant growth and nutrient uptake. The current study examined whether arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could alleviate abiotic stress caused by low phosphorus (P) fertilization and DI.A greenhouse experiment was conducted with potato grown with (P1) or without (P0) P fertilization, with AMF (M1+:Rhizophagus irregularisor M2+:Glomus proliferum) or AMF-free control (M−) and subjected to full irrigation (FI), DI or partial root-zone drying (PRD).Inoculation of M1+ and M2+ maintained or improved plant growth and P/nitrogen (N) uptake when subjected to DI/PRD and P0. However, the positive responses to AMF varied with P level and irrigation regime. Functional differences were found in ability of AMF species alleviating plant stress. The largest positive plant biomass response to M1+ and M2+ was found under FI, both at P1 and P0 (25% increase), while plant biomass response to M1+ and M2+ under DI/PRD (14% increase) was significantly smaller. The large growth response to AMF inoculation, particularly under FI, may relate to greater photosynthetic capacity and leaf area, probably caused by stimulation of plant P/N uptake and carbon partitioning toward roots and tubers. However, plant growth response to AMF was not related to the percentage of AMF root colonization. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can maintain and improve P/N uptake, WUE and growth of plants both at high/low P levels and under FI/DI. If this is also the case under field conditions, it should be implemented for sustainable potato production.

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Selection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for sugarcane in four soils with the presence of dark septate endophytes

Acta Scientiarum Agronomy ◽

10.4025/actasciagron.v42i1.42477 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. e42477 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rosalba Ortega Fors ◽

Orivaldo José Saggin Júnior ◽

Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro ◽

Ricardo Luis Louro Berbara

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Root Colonization ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Dark Septate Endophytes ◽

P Availability ◽

P Nutrition ◽

P Content ◽

Selection Of ◽

Scutellospora Calospora

The present study aimed to select efficient arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for sugarcane growth and P nutrition in four soils that spontaneously contained dark septate endophytes (DSE). The effect of nine AMF isolates was evaluated individually in sugarcane presprouted seedlings (SP81-3250) grown under greenhouse conditions for a 120-day period. The isolates that stimulated plant growth in the soils with low P availability were Acaulospora colombiana (ACOL), Claroideoglomus etunicatum (CETU), Gigaspora margarita (GMAR), Rhizophagus clarus (RCLA) and Scutellospora calospora (SCAL). Compared to the Yellow Argisol, which had the highest P level, the Red-Yellow Argisol, with an intermediate P content, increased plant height. Compared to the other treatments, inoculation with ACOL, RCLA, and SCAL resulted in higher foliar P content in plants grown in soils with high to intermediate P levels. Root colonization by AMF and DSE was verified in the plants, with the coexistence of both fungal groups in the same plant and/or root fragment. However, AMF colonization was low compared to DSE colonization. The cooccurrence of DSE and AMF was higher in the plants inoculated with ACOL, RCLA, SCAL, and Dentiscutata heterogama. ACOL, CETU, GMAR, RCLA, and SCAL are AMF isolates that have the potential to establish a mycorrhizal inoculant for sugarcane that would be effective in several soils.

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Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Phosphorus Uptake of Chickpea Grown in Northern Syria

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700020147 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 433-442 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Edwin Weber ◽

Eckhard George ◽

Douglas P. Beck ◽

Mohan C. Saxena ◽

Horst Marschner

Keyword(s):

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Phosphorus Uptake ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

P Uptake ◽

Mycorrhizal Infection ◽

P Fertilization ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

P Concentration ◽

Vesicular Arbuscular

SUMMARYInoculation with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAMF) improved growth of chick-pea (Cicer arielinum L.) and doubled phosphorus (P) uptake at low and intermediate levels of P fertilization in a pot experiment on sterilized low-P calcareous soil. In field experiments at Tel Hadya, northern Syria, growth, shoot P concentration and seed yield of spring-sown chickpea remained unaffected by inoculation with VAMF or by P fertilization. The mycorrhizal infection of chickpea was high (approximately 75% of root length mycorrhizal at the flowering stage) irrespective of inoculation with VAMF or P fertilization and may ensure efficient P uptake under field conditions.

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