scholarly journals Aerobic and Anaerobic Biodegradability of Organophosphates in Activated Sludge Derived From Kitchen Garbage Biomass and Agricultural Residues

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingfeng Yang ◽  
Deling Fan ◽  
Wen Gu ◽  
Jining Liu ◽  
Lili Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Electron Donor ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Active Sludge ◽  
Fe Powder ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Organophosphates (also known as organophosphate esters, OPEs) have in recent years been found to be significant pollutants in both aerobic and anaerobic activated sludge. Food waste, such as kitchen garbage and agricultural residues, can be used as co-substrates to treat the active sludge in sewage treatment plants (STPs). We investigated the biodegradability of nine OPEs derived from kitchen garbage biomass and agricultural residues under different conditions. Under anaerobic conditions, the rate of removal of triphenyl ester OPEs was significantly higher than that of chloride and alkyl OPEs. The addition of FeCl3 and Fe powder increased the rate of degradation of triphenyl ester OPEs, with a DT50 for triphenyl ester OPEs of 1.7–3.8 d for FeCl3 and 1.3–4.7 d for Fe powder, compared to a DT50 of 4.3–6.9 d for the blank control. Addition of an electron donor and a rhamnolipid increased the rate of removal of chlorinated OPEs, with DT50 values for tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine) (TCEP) and tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl)phosphate (TDCPP) of 18.4 and 10.0 d, respectively, following addition of the electron donor, and 13.7 and 3.0 d, respectively, following addition of the rhamnolipid. However, addition of an electron donor, electron acceptor, surfactant, and Fe powder did not always increase the degradation of different kinds of OPEs, which was closely related to the structure of the OPEs. No treatment increased the removal of alkyl OPEs due to their low anaerobic degradability. Tween 80, a non-ionic surfactant, inhibited anaerobic degradation to some degree for all OPEs. Under aerobic conditions, alkyl OPEs were more easily degraded, chlorinated OPEs needed a long adaptation period to degrade and finally attain a 90% removal rate, while the rates of degradation of triphenyl ester OPEs were significantly affected by the concentration of sludge. Higher sludge concentrations help microorganisms to adapt and remove OPEs. This study provides new insights into methods for eliminating emerging pollutants using activated sludge cultured with kitchen garbage biomass and agricultural residues.

scholarly journals Screening and Diversity Analysis of Aerobic Denitrifying Phosphate Accumulating Bacteria Cultivated from A2O Activated Sludge

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Li ◽  
Siyuan Zhao ◽  
Jiejie Zhang ◽  
Yang He ◽  
Jianqiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Rich Diversity

The aerobic denitrifying phosphate accumulating bacteria (ADPB) use NO3− as an electron acceptor and remove nitrate by denitrification and concomitant uptake of excessive phosphorus in aerobic conditions. Activated sludge was collected from the A2O aerobic biological pool of the sewage treatment plant at Hezuo Town, Chengdu City. The candidate ADPB strains were obtained by cultivation in the enriched denitrification media, followed by repeated isolation and purification on bromothymol blue (BTB) solid plates. The obtained candidates were further screened for ADPB strains by phosphorus uptake experiment, nitrate reduction test, metachromatic granules staining, and poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) staining. The 16 sedimentation ribosome deoxyribonucleic acid (16 S rDNA) molecular technique was used to determine their taxonomy. Further, the denitrification and dephosphorization capacities of ADPB strains were ascertained through their growth characteristics in nitrogen-phosphorus-rich liquid media. The results revealed a total of 25 ADPB strains screened from the activated sludge of the A2O aerobic biological pool of the sewage treatment plant at Hezuo Town. These strains belonged to two classes, four orders, and five genera. Among them, the strain SW18NP2 was a potentially new species in the Acinetobacter genus, while the strain SW18NP24 was a potential new species in the Pseudomonas genus at the time of their characterization. The Acinetobacter was the dominant genus. The obtained ADPB strains demonstrated a rich diversity. The ADPB strains had significant variations in denitrification and dephosphorization capacities. Twenty-three strains exhibited a total phosphorus removal rate of above 50%, and 19 strains exhibited a total nitrogen removal rate of above 50%. The strain SW18NP2 showed the best denitrifying phosphorus removal (DPR) capacity, with a dephosphorization rate of 82.32% and a denitrification rate of 73.73%. The ADPB in the A2O aerobic biological pool of the sewage treatment plant at Hezuo Town demonstrated a rich diversity and a strong DPR capacity.

Study on Chemical Wastewater Treatment with Many-Point-Water-Inflow Biological Reaction Tank

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2825-2828
Author(s):  
Fang Li ◽  
Dan Hao
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Trace Element Content ◽  
Water Inflow ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Active Sludge ◽  
Cod Removal Rate ◽  
Sludge Concentration

The composition of mixed chemical wastewater is more complex and biodegradability of its is bad, biochemical treatment effect should be further improved. Many-point-water-inflow bioreactor used in this experiment, through controlling hydraulic retention time(HRT), concentration of active sludge of the aeration tank, trace element content and so on, gets a better treatment effect. When water temperature is 25°C, HRT is 5h, 10h, 15h, 20h, 25h,COD removal rate is 60.37%, 82.62%, 89.44% , 91.02%,91.07%. According to the iron content of influent, plus 0.5mg/L ferrous sulfate into influent, the removal rate of COD is increased , activated sludge floc of the sedimentation tank is denser and settling. By changing the activated sludge return ratio to change the activated sludge concentration of the bioreactor, experiments shows that the removal rate of organic matter is better with the activated sludge concentration about 4000-5000mg/L. Influent qualities indicate that this biological treatment has good effect on mixed chemical wastewater.

MODELLING OF CHLORIDE INFLUENCE UPON ACTIVATED SLUDGE COMMUNITY GROWTH/CHLORIDŲ ĮTAKOS VEIKLIOJO DUMBLO BIOCENOZĖS DINAMIKAI MODELIAVIMAS/МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ ХЛОРИДОВ НА ДИНАМИКУ БИОЦЕНОЗА АКТИВНОГО ИЛА

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audra Skaisgirienė ◽  
Jolanta Janutėnienė ◽  
Petras Vaitiekūnas
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Growth Kinetics ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Quality ◽  
Active Sludge ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Community Growth

Growth kinetics, i.e. the relationship between specific growth rate and the concentration of a substrate, is one of the basic tools in the modelling of activated sludge community growth. The above‐described conventional growth kinetics derived from single‐substrate‐controlled laboratory experiments have invariably been used for describing both growth and substrate utilization in wastewater treatment. After technological processes various mineral substances, such as chlorides, get into water bodies. These substances are not removed from wastewater by the biological treatment method. The purpose of this study is to determine the concentrations of chlorides, investigate the influence of enzyme preparations upon wastewater treatment quality during biological process modelling. Kinetics of microbial growth was designed using the model of Monad. To analyse the chloride influence on the biooxidation process a series of laboratory tests was carried out: biochemical oxygen consumption (BOD), activated sludge concentration and other indexes. It is found experimentally that a 400 mg/l concentration of chlorides disarranges the activity of microorganisms and activated sludge is no longer suitable for biological treatment. Also, we investigated the effect of enzyme preparation on effluence on sewage treatment. As chloride concentrations are increased in a tank without an enzyme, bacterial spores contained in the enzyme preparation produce a renewing effect upon active sludge. Santrauka Mikroorganizmų augimo dinamika, t. y. priklausomybė tarp jų savitojo augimo spartos ir substrato koncentracijos, yra vienas iš svarbiausių veiksnių modeliuojant veikliojo dumblo kinetiką. Laboratorinėmis sąlygomis buvo atlikti eksperimentiniai nuotekų valymo tyrimai kompleksiškai įdėjus į substratą ir chloridų kaip papildomos užtaršos bei fermentinio preparato. Rezultatams palyginti buvo atlikti tyrimai ir be fermentinio preparato. Po įvairių technologinių procesų į valymo įrenginius patenka tokios mineralinės medžiagos kaip chloridai. Šios medžiagos biologiniu valymo būdu iš nuotekų nepašalinamos. Darbe nagrinėjama, kokios chloridų koncentracijos turi įtakos biologinio nuotekų valymo kokybei, veikliojo dumblo augimo dinamikai bei substrato biodegradacijai. Eksperimentų metu nustatytos tiriamų teršalų koncentracijos, turėjusios įtakos biologiniam valymo procesui: 400 mg Cl– /l ir didesnės sutrikdo mikroorganizmų veiklą, veiklusis dumblas biologiniam nuotekų valymui tampa netinkamas. Darbe modeliuojama veikliojo dumblo mikroorganizmų biocenozės dinamika, atliekant aerobinį nuotekų valymą. Nagrinėtas atvejis, kai nuotekų užtarša yra didesnė chloridų koncentracija. Veikliojo dumblo biocenozės dinamikai modeliuoti pasirinktas Monodo modelis. Atlikus eksperimentą nustatyti degradacijos koeficientai kd. Gautas Monodo diferencialinės lygties sprendinys, nusakantis veikliojo dumblo dinamiką. Skaitiniais metodais išspręsta veikliojo dumblo augimą bei substrato biodegradaciją nusakanti diferencialinių lygčių sistema. Įvertinus eksperimentų rezultatus nustatyti veikliojo dumblo sistemos degradacijos koeficientai įdėjus fermentinio preparato. Rezultatai parodė, kad fermentinis preparatas teigiamai veikia mikroorganizmų augimą t. y. veikliojo dumblo koncentracija mažėja lėčiau. Резюме Кинетика биомассы микроорганизмов, т. е. зависимость между концентрацией активного ила и концентрацией субстрата, один из важнейших аспектов в моделировании динамики активного ила. В лабораторных условиях были проведены экспериментальные исследования сточных вод в комплексе с добавлением в субстрат хлоридов как дополнительного загрязнения и ферментного препарата. Для сравнения результатов были проведены параллельные эксперименты без ферментного препарата. В результате технологических процессов в очистные сооружения попадают разные минеральные вещества, как, например, хлориды. Эти вещества методом биологической очистки не удаляются. В настоящей работе были исследованы концентрации хлоридов, влияющие на качество биологической очистки сточных вод, качество и кинетику активного ила и биодеградацию субстрата. Для определения влияния хлоридов на биологические процессы были проведены лабораторные исследования по определению биохимического потребления кислорода (БПК), концентрации активного ила и др. В результате эксперимента было установлено, что концентрация хлоридов, составляющая 400 мг/л и больше, поражает работу микроорганизмов, активный ил становится непригодным для биологической очистки cточных вод. Также исследовалось влияние ферментного препарата на качество очистки. Моделируя кинетику динамики активного ила, получено решение дифференциального уравнения, в котором идентифицированы коэффициенты деградации ила kd. В результате эксперимента определены коэффициенты деградации на систему активного ила в резервуаре с ферментным препаратом, т. е. концентрация активного ила уменьшается медленнее. Можно сделать вывод, что ферментный препарат эффективно влияет на концентрацию микроорганизмов.

scholarly journals Members of the Family Comamonadaceae as Primary Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate)-Degrading Denitrifiers in Activated Sludge as Revealed by a Polyphasic Approach

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 3206-3214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shams Tabrez Khan ◽  
Yoko Horiba ◽  
Masamitsu Yamamoto ◽  
Akira Hiraishi
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Community Change ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Polyphasic Approach ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
The Family

ABSTRACT The distribution and phylogenetic affiliations of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)-degrading denitrifying bacteria in activated sludge were studied by a polyphasic approach including culture-independent biomarker and molecular analyses as well as cultivation methods. A total of 23 strains of PHBV-degrading denitrifiers were isolated from activated sludges from different sewage treatment plants. 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence comparisons showed that 20 of the isolates were identified as members of the family Comamonadaceae, a major group of β-Proteobacteria. When the sludges from different plants were acclimated with PHBV under denitrifying conditions in laboratory scale reactors, the nitrate removal rate increased linearly during the first 4 weeks and reached 20 mg NO3 −-N h−1 g of dry sludge−1 at the steady state. The bacterial-community change in the laboratory scale sludges during the acclimation was monitored by rRNA-targeted fluorescence in situ hybridization and quinone profiling. Both approaches showed that the population of β-Proteobacteria in the laboratory sludges increased sharply during acclimation regardless of their origins. 16S rDNA clone libraries were constructed from two different acclimated sludges, and a total of 37 clones from the libraries were phylogenetically analyzed. Most of the 16S rDNA clones were grouped with members of the family Comamonadaceae. The results of our polyphasic approach indicate that β-Proteobacteria, especially members of the family Comamonadaceae, are primary PHBV-degrading denitrifiers in activated sludge. Our data provide useful information for the development of a new nitrogen removal system with solid biopolymer as an electron donor.

Pyridine Degradation by Suspensions and Biofilms of Achromobacter pulmonis PNOS and Burkholderia dolosa BOS Strains Isolated from Activated Sludge of Sewage Treatment Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-98
Author(s):  
A.A. Sergeeva ◽  
G.V. Ovechkina ◽  
A.Yu. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Mining Institute ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Federal Research ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Pyridine Degradation

Bacterial strains capable of degradation of 0.8-15.8 g/1 pyridine hydrochloride have been isolated from activated sludge of municipal biological treatment plants in Perm (BOS) and local treatment facilities of the LUKOIL-Permnefteorgsintez enterprise (PNOS). The strains were identified as Achromobacter pulmonis and Burkholderia dolosa. The optimal pyridine concentration for the growth of the isolated strains was 4.0 g/1. The pyridine degradation during the A. pulmonis PNOS and B. dolosa BOS cultivation on a medium with ammonium chloride and glucose and without additional nitrogen or carbon sources was studied. It was shown that the strains are able to accumulate biomass in a medium with pyridine as the sole carbon and nitrogen source; the addition of glucose to the medium (1 g/L) accelerated the pyridine degradation by A. pulmonis PNOS, but inhibited the process carried out by B. dolosa BOS. B. dolosa BOS and A. pulmonis PNOS biofilms efficiently utilized pyridine during growth on basalt and carbon fibers; the highest rate of pyridine utilization (1.8 g /(L day)) was observed in A. pulmonis PNOS biofilms on basalt fibers. pyridine, biodegradation, activated sludge, biofilms, Achromobacter pulmonis, Burkholderia dolosa The authors grateful to Dr. I.I. Tchaikovsky, Head of the Laboratory of Geology of Mineral Deposits of the Mining Institute, a branch of the Perm Federal Research Center, for help with electron microscopy of the samples. This work was carried out as part of a state assignment on the topic « Study of the Functional and Species Diversity of Microorganisms Useful for Ecocenoses and Human Practical Activity», registration number R&D AAAA-A19-119112290008-4.

Activated Sludge Exocellular Material Extraction Methods and Problems

1974 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-261
Author(s):  
D.F. Carr ◽  
J. Ganczarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Volatile Material ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Pure Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Material Extraction

Abstract Activated sludge samples from two Toronto sewage treatment plants were subjected to the extraction of exocellular material by means of 9 different methods suggested for this purpose. Some of those methods, originally developed for pure bacterial cultures, were modified for the application to activated sludge. The amount of exocellular material obtained varied for Lakeview sludges from 0.4 to 3.2% of their dry volatile solids, and for Humber sludges from 0.3 to 5.3%. It has been found that extractions by the use of sulphuric acid, high-speed centrifugation and sodium hydroxide, were not suitable for the studied material. Especially surprising was the ineffectiveness of high-speed centrifugation to yield any measurable amounts of extract. The boiling water extraction is recommended for further studies on activated sludge exocellular material. The material extracted from activated sludge is very complex in nature. Generally more polysaccharide than protein was extracted, but the remaining volatile material may form up to 70% of the dry weight.

Parameters for Measuring the Activity and Viability of Activated Sludge

1974 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.G. Nutt ◽  
K.L. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Biological System ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Heterogeneous System ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Atp Content ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Activated Sludge System

Abstract Conventional wastewater parameters are accepted as inadequate estimates of the condition of activated sludge but numerous other indices have been suggested as specific measurements of the activity and viability of the biomass. Literature in the related fields of microbiology and biochemistry were reviewed in order to select the most appropriate activity parameters for application to a heterogeneous biological material. Modified analytical methods were applied to a well-controlled biological system containing a single predominant bacterial species to evaluate the relative merit of each as an indicator of viability and activity. The potential of each parameter in a complex heterogeneous system was determined by monitoring each index in a bench activated sludge system. The predominant culture studies indicated that the ATP content of the biomass and the dehydrogenase activity were potential indicators of cell viability in a simple system. However, in the complex activated sludge system, only the ATP content showed significant correlation to the organic carbon removal rate.

Examples for the Upgrading of Existing Activated Sludge Plants for Nutrient Removal

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
W. Maier
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Effluent Standards ◽  
Near Future

In view of the new effluent standards in West Germany, including nitrification and phosphorus elimination, many of the existing sewage treatment plants will have to be rebuilt or expanded. Another demand which will have to be dealt with in the near future is denitrification. Under consideration of the large BOD5-loads which were taken into account when designing the plants, many of them nitrify during the summer or can be easily converted to operate with nitrification. Principles for planning the upgrading of such plants have been laid down in order to achieve the required effluent concentrations. The application of these principles is demonstrated with examples of upgraded plants.

Behaviour of Alkylphenol Polyethoxylate Surfactants and of Nitrilotriacetate in Sewage Treatment

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 449-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Giger ◽  
M. Ahel ◽  
M. Koch ◽  
H. U. Laubscher ◽  
C. Schaffner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Effluents and sludges from several municipal sewage treatment plants in Switzerland were analyzed for nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPnEO, n=3-20), nonylphenol mono- and diethoxylate (NPlEO, NP2EO), corresponding nonylphenoxy carboxylic acids (NP1EC, NP2EC) and nonylphenol (NP). These chemicals derive from nonionic surfactants of the NPnEO-type, and specific analitical techniques were used to study their behaviour during mechanical-biological sewage and subsequent sludge treatment. The parent NPnEO-surfactants, with concentrations in raw and mechanically treated sewage from 400-2200 mg/m3, were relatively efficiently removed by the activated sludge treatment. The abundances of the different metabolites varied depending on treatment conditions. The refractory nature of NPl/2EO, NP and NPl/2EC was recognized. Both biotransformations and physico-chemical processes determine the behaviour and fate of nonylphenolic substances in sewage treatment. Nitrilotriacetate (NTA) was found in primary effluents at concentrations between 430 and 1390 mg/m3. The various treatment plants showed different removal efficiencies for NTA depending on the operating conditions. Activated sludge treatment with low sludge loading rates and nitrifying conditions removed NTA with efficiencies between 95 and 99%. High sludge loading caused a decrease in NTA removal efficiencies from 70% to 39%.

High rate and compact single sludge pre-denitrification process for retrofit

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyshi Emori ◽  
Hiroki Nakamura ◽  
Tatsuo Sumino ◽  
Tadashi Takeshima ◽  
Katsuzo Motegi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Denitrification Process

For the sewage treatment plants near rivers and closed water bodies in urbanized areas in Japan and European countries, there is a growing demand for introduction of advanced treatment processes for nitrogen and phosphorus from the viewpoints of water quality conservation and environmental protection. In order to remove nitrogen by the conventional biological treatment techniques, it is necessary to make a substantial expansion of the facility as compared with the conventional activated sludge process. In such urbanized districts, it is difficult to secure a site and much capital is required to expand the existing treatment plant. To solve these problems, a compact single sludge pre-denitrification process using immobilized nitrifiers was developed. Dosing the pellets, which are suitable for nitrifiers growth and physically durable, into the nitrification tank of single sludge pre-denitrification process made it possible to perform simultaneous removal of BOD and nitrogen in a retention time equal to that in the conventional activated sludge process even at the low water temperature of about 10 °C. The 3,000 m3/d full-scale conventional activated sludge plant was retrofitted and has been successfully operated.

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