scholarly journals Ovary Development: Insights From a Three-Dimensional Imaging Revolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikem Soygur ◽  
Diana J. Laird
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Function ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ovary Development ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Tissue Clearing ◽  
Hormonal Cycle ◽  
Size Discrepancy ◽  
And Function

The ovary is an indispensable unit of female reproduction and health. However, the study of ovarian function in mammals is hindered by unique challenges, which include the desynchronized development of oocytes, irregular distribution and vast size discrepancy of follicles, and dynamic tissue remodeling during each hormonal cycle. Overcoming the limitations of traditional histology, recent advances in optical tissue clearing and three-dimensional (3D) visualization offer an advanced platform to explore the architecture of intact organs at a single cell level and reveal new relationships and levels of organization. Here we summarize the development and function of ovarian compartments that have been delineated by conventional two-dimensional (2D) methods and the limits of what can be learned by these approaches. We compare types of optical tissue clearing, 3D analysis technologies, and their application to the mammalian ovary. We discuss how 3D modeling of the ovary has extended our knowledge and propose future directions to unravel ovarian structure toward therapeutic applications for ovarian disease and extending female reproductive lifespan.

3D Visualization for Hydrocarbon Project Design

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Neurauter ◽  
Sabrina Szeto ◽  
Matt Tindall ◽  
Yan Wong ◽  
Chris Wright
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Ground Truthing ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Visualization Techniques

3D visualization is the process of displaying spatial data to simulate and model a real three dimensional space. Using 3D visualization, Geomatic professionals are enabling pipeline engineers to make better decisions by providing an increased understanding of potential costs earlier in the design process. This paper will focus on the value of visualizing Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data through the use of hillshades and imagery-draped 3D models. From free online DEM data to high resolution Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) derived DEM data, the increased availability allows for a broader use of 3D visualization techniques beyond 3D analysis. Of the numerous sources available, two DEM sources will be discussed in this paper, the free low resolution DEM (CDED Level 1) and the more costly but higher resolution LiDAR based DEM. Traditional methods of evaluating potential locations for route and facilities involved a significant cost for ground truthing. Through the use of 3D visualization products, multiple potential locations can be examined for suitability without the expense of field visits for every candidate site. By focusing on the selected candidate locations using a visual desktop study, the time and expense of ground truthing all of the potential sites can be reduced significantly. Exploiting the visual value of DEM permits a productive and cost efficient methodology for initial route and facility placement on hydrocarbon projects.

The Computer Room Modeling and Data Display Based on Three Dimensional Visualization

2015 ◽  
Vol 741 ◽  
pp. 248-253
Author(s):  
Gong Yin Luo ◽  
Kang Ling Guan ◽  
De Yong Liao ◽  
Shan Yang ◽  
Yu Lin Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
3D Visualization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Visualization Technology ◽  
And Function ◽  
Computer Operation

This paper introduces the communication room modeling and data display method based on 3D visualization technology, proposes the overall architecture and function architecture of the Three Dimensional Visualization communication room, and depicts the panoramic display of 3D computer operation monitoring from four aspects such as 3D monitoring visualization, 3D assets visualization, 3D wiring visualization and 3D statistical visualization.

scholarly journals Role of androgens in normal and pathological ovarian function

Reproduction ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. R193-R218 ◽  
Author(s):  
K A Walters
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Reproductive Disorder ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
And Function ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

Androgens mediate their actions via the androgen receptor (AR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. AR-mediated androgen action is essential in male reproductive development and function; however, only in the last decade has the suspected but unproven role for AR-mediated actions in female reproduction been firmly established. Deciphering the specific roles and precise pathways by which AR-mediated actions regulate ovarian function has been hindered by confusion on how to interpret results from pharmacological studies using androgens that can be converted into oestrogens, which exert actions via the oestrogen receptors. The generation and analysis of global and cell-specific femaleArknockout mouse models have deduced a role for AR-mediated actions in regulating ovarian function, maintaining female fertility, and have begun to unravel the mechanisms by which AR-mediated androgen actions regulate follicle health, development and ovulation. Furthermore, observational findings from human studies and animal models provide substantial evidence to support a role for AR-mediated effects not only in normal ovarian function but also in the development of the frequent ovarian pathological disorder, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). This review focuses on combining the findings from observational studies in humans, pharmacological studies and animal models to reveal the roles of AR-mediated actions in normal and pathological ovarian function. Together these findings will enable us to begin understanding the important roles of AR actions in the regulation of female fertility and ovarian ageing, as well as providing insights into the role of AR actions in the androgen-associated reproductive disorder PCOS.

Topology of Spheroidized Pearlite

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 70-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Adachi ◽  
Yuan Tsung Wang
Keyword(s):  
Differential Geometry ◽  
Lamellar Structure ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Shape Evolution ◽  
View Point ◽  
Eutectoid Steel ◽  
Euler Characteristics ◽  
Aging Period

Differential geometry and toplogy-based three-dimensional (3D) analysis was conducted to understand pearlite spheroidization mechanism in an eutectoid steel. Morphological change during aging below A1 tempearture was examined in terms of Gaussian(K)/mean curvatures(H), genus and Euler characteristics based on 3D images.The holes presentnaturally grown cementite lamella caused shape instability andinduced shape evolution of the lamellar structure during spheroidization. 3D visualization demonstrated that the intrinsic holes played an important role in the initiation and development of pearlitespheroidization. The hole coalescence and expansion causedthe breakup of large cementite lamellae into several long narrow ribbons. H-K plot actually suggested that the number of thses holes decreased with increasing aging period. In addition, small cementite particles and narrow rod cementite decreased during aging. These microstractural evolutions were discussed from the view point of ferrite/cementite interfacial energy.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional imaging of podocyte ultrastructure using FE-SEM and FIB-SEM tomography

2019 ◽  
Vol 379 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Miyaki ◽  
Yuto Kawasaki ◽  
Yasue Hosoyamada ◽  
Takashi Amari ◽  
Mui Kinoshita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Subcellular Compartment ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Powerful Approach ◽  
Foot Process ◽  
Serial Images

AbstractPodocytes are specialized epithelial cells used for glomerular filtration in the kidney. They can be divided into the cell body, primary process and foot process. Here, we describe two useful methods for the three-dimensional(3D) visualization of these subcellular compartments in rodent podocytes. The first method, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with conductive staining, is used to visualize the luminal surface of numerous podocytes simultaneously. The second method, focused-ion beam SEM (FIB-SEM) tomography, allows the user to obtain serial images from different depths of field, or Z-stacks, of the glomerulus. This allows for the 3D reconstruction of podocyte ultrastructure, which can be viewed from all angles, from a single image set. This is not possible with conventional FE-SEM. The different advantages and disadvantages of FE-SEM and FIB-SEM tomography compensate for the weaknesses of the other. The combination renders a powerful approach for the 3D analysis of podocyte ultrastructure. As a result, we were able to identify a new subcellular compartment of podocytes, “ridge-like prominences” (RLPs).

scholarly journals Light sheet fluorescence microscopy as a new method for unbiased three-dimensional analysis of vascular injury

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas E Buglak ◽  
Jennifer Lucitti ◽  
Pablo Ariel ◽  
Sophie Maiocchi ◽  
Francis J Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Vascular Injury ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Light Sheet ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy

Abstract Aims Assessment of preclinical models of vascular disease is paramount in the successful translation of novel treatments. The results of these models have traditionally relied on two-dimensional (2D) histological methodologies. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) is an imaging platform that allows for three-dimensional (3D) visualization of whole organs and tissues. In this study, we describe an improved methodological approach utilizing LSFM for imaging of preclinical vascular injury models while minimizing analysis bias. Methods and results The rat carotid artery segmental pressure-controlled balloon injury and mouse carotid artery ligation injury were performed. Arteries were harvested and processed for LSFM imaging and 3D analysis, as well as for 2D area histological analysis. Artery processing for LSFM imaging did not induce vessel shrinkage or expansion and was reversible by rehydrating the artery, allowing for subsequent sectioning and histological staining a posteriori. By generating a volumetric visualization along the length of the arteries, LSFM imaging provided different analysis modalities including volumetric, area, and radial parameters. Thus, LSFM-imaged arteries provided more precise measurements compared to classic histological analysis. Furthermore, LSFM provided additional information as compared to 2D analysis in demonstrating remodelling of the arterial media in regions of hyperplasia and periadventitial neovascularization around the ligated mouse artery. Conclusion LSFM provides a novel and robust 3D imaging platform for visualizing and quantifying arterial injury in preclinical models. When compared with classic histology, LSFM outperformed traditional methods in precision and quantitative capabilities. LSFM allows for more comprehensive quantitation as compared to traditional histological methodologies, while minimizing user bias associated with area analysis of alternating, 2D histological artery cross-sections.

scholarly journals Computer-aided pancreas segmentation based on 3D GRE Dixon MRI: a feasibility study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 205846011983469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoliang Gong ◽  
Chao Ma ◽  
Panpan Yang ◽  
Yufei Chen ◽  
Chaolin Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Visualization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Function Evaluation ◽  
Threshold Method ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Phase Images ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
And Function ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Pancreas Segmentation

Background Pancreas segmentation is of great significance for pancreatic cancer radiotherapy positioning, pancreatic structure, and function evaluation. Purpose To investigate the feasibility of computer-aided pancreas segmentation based on optimized three-dimensional (3D) Dixon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Material and Methods Seventeen healthy volunteers (13 men, 4 women; mean age = 53.4 ± 13.2 years; age range = 28–76 years) underwent routine and optimized 3D gradient echo (GRE) Dixon MRI at 3.0 T. The computer-aided segmentation of the pancreas was executed by the Medical Imaging Interaction ToolKit (MITK) with the traditional segmentation algorithm pipeline (a threshold method and a morphological method) on the opposed-phase and water images of Dixon. The performances of our proposed computer segmentation method were evaluated by Dice coefficients and two-dimensional (2D)/3D visualization figures, which were compared for the opposed-phase and water images of routine and optimized Dixon sequences. Results The dice coefficients of the computer-aided pancreas segmentation were 0.633 ± 0.080 and 0.716 ± 0.033 for opposed-phase and water images of routine Dixon MRI, respectively, while they were 0.415 ± 0.143 and 0.779 ± 0.048 for the optimized Dixon MRI, respectively. The Dice index was significantly higher based on the water images of optimized Dixon than those in the other three groups (all P values < 0.001), including water images of routine Dixon MRI and both of the opposed-phase images of routine and optimized Dixon sequences. Conclusion Computer-aided pancreas segmentation based on Dixon MRI is feasible. The water images of optimized Dixon obtained the best similarity with a good stability.

scholarly journals Light Sheet Microscopy-Assisted 3D Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Respiratory Tract of the Ferret Model

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 529
Author(s):  
Luca M. Zaeck ◽  
David Scheibner ◽  
Julia Sehl ◽  
Martin Müller ◽  
Donata Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Light Sheet ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Light Sheet Microscopy

The visualization of viral pathogens in infected tissues is an invaluable tool to understand spatial virus distribution, localization, and cell tropism in vivo. Commonly, virus-infected tissues are analyzed using conventional immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded thin sections. Here, we demonstrate the utility of volumetric three-dimensional (3D) immunofluorescence imaging using tissue optical clearing and light sheet microscopy to investigate host–pathogen interactions of pandemic SARS-CoV-2 in ferrets at a mesoscopic scale. The superior spatial context of large, intact samples (>150 mm3) allowed detailed quantification of interrelated parameters like focus-to-focus distance or SARS-CoV-2-infected area, facilitating an in-depth description of SARS-CoV-2 infection foci. Accordingly, we could confirm a preferential infection of the ferret upper respiratory tract by SARS-CoV-2 and suggest clustering of infection foci in close proximity. Conclusively, we present a proof-of-concept study for investigating critically important respiratory pathogens in their spatial tissue morphology and demonstrate the first specific 3D visualization of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional and two-dimensional relationships of gangliogenesis with folliculogenesis in mature mouse ovary: a Golgi–Cox staining approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ebrahim Asadi Zarch ◽  
Alireza Afshar ◽  
Farhad Rahmanifar ◽  
Mohammad Reza Jafarzadeh Shirazi ◽  
Mandana Baghban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Mature Mouse ◽  
2D And 3D

AbstractThe present study was set out to investigate two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) evaluations of ovarian nervous network development and the structural relationship between folliculogenesis and gangliogenesis in mouse ovaries. Adult mice ovarian tissue samples were collected from follicular and luteal phases after cardiac perfusion. Ovarian samples were stained by a Golgi–Cox protocol. Following staining, tissues were serially sectioned for imaging. Neural filaments and ganglia were present in the ovaries. In both 2D and 3D studies, an increase in the number and area of ganglia was seen during the follicular growth. The same pattern was also seen in corpora lutea development. However, in some cases such as ratio of ganglia number to follicle area, the ratio of ganglia area to follicular area, 2D findings were different compared with the 3D results. 3D analysis of ovarian gangliogenesis showed the possible direct effect of them on folliculogenesis. Golgi–Cox staining was used in this study for 3D evaluation in non-brain tissue. The results of 3D analysis of the present study showed that, in some cases, the information provided by 2D analysis does not match the reality of ovarian neuronal function. This confirmed the importance of 3D analysis for evaluation of ovarian function.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Relationships of Gangliogenesis With Folliculogenesis in Mature Mouse Ovary: A Golgi-Cox Staining Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ebrahim Asadi Zarch ◽  
Alireza Afshar ◽  
Farhad Rahmanifar ◽  
Mohammad Reza Jafarzadeh Shirazi ◽  
Mandana Baghban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Mouse Ovary ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Mature Mouse

Abstract The present study was set out to investigate two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) evaluations of ovarian nervous network development and the structural relationship between folliculogenesis and gangliogenesis in mouse ovary. Adult mice ovarian tissue samples were collected from diestrus and estrus stages after cardiac perfusion. Ovarian samples were stained by a Golgi-Cox protocol. Following staining, tissues were serially sectioned for imaging. Neural filaments and ganglia were present in the ovaries. In both 2D and 3D studies, an increase in the number and area of ganglia was seen during the follicular growth. The same pattern was also seen in corpora lutea development. However, in some cases such as ratio of ganglia number to follicle area, the ratio of ganglia area to follicular area, 2D findings were different compared with the 3D results. 3D analysis of ovarian gangliogenesis showed the possible direct effect of them on folliculogenesis. Golgi-Cox staining was used in this study for 3D evaluation in non-brain tissue. The results of 3D analysis of the present study showed that, in some cases, the information provided by 2D analysis does not match the reality of ovarian neuronal function. This confirmed the importance of 3D analysis for evaluation of ovarian function.

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