scholarly journals Mining Anti-Inflammation Molecules From Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-Derived Products Through the Metabolomics Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuying Chen ◽  
Mingming Zhang ◽  
Xin Ding ◽  
Yougui Yang ◽  
Yujia Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Translational Study ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
Future Evaluation ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Hookworm is one type of soil-transmitted helminth, which could exert an anti-inflammatory effect in human or animal host, which provides a beneficial possibility for the discovery of inflammatory-related disease interventions. The identification of hookworm-derived anti-inflammatory molecules is urgently needed for future translational research. The emergence of metabolomics has become a powerful approach to comprehensively characterize metabolic alterations in recent times. Herein, excretory and secretory products (ESPs) were collected from cultured adult worm, while small intestinal contents were obtained from Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (N. brasiliensis, Nb)-infected mice. Through ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) platform, metabolomics analysis was used to explore the identification of anti-inflammatory molecules. Out of 45 differential metabolites that were discovered from ESPs, 10 of them showed potential anti-inflammatory properties, which could be subclassed into amino acids, furanocoumarins, linear diarylheptanoids, gamma butyrolactones, and alpha-keto acids. In terms of intestinal contents that were derived from N. brasiliensis-infected mice, 14 out of 301 differential metabolites were discovered to demonstrate anti-inflammatory effects, with possible subclassification into amino acids, benzylisoquinolines, quaternary ammonium salts, pyrimidines, pregnane steroids, purines, biphenyls, and glycerophosphocholines. Furthermore, nine of the differential metabolites appeared both in ESPs and infected intestinal contents, wherein four were proven to show anti-inflammation properties, namely, L-glutamine, glutamine (Gln), pyruvate, and alanine-Gln (Ala-Gln). In summary, we have provided a method for the identification and analysis of parasite-derived molecules with potential anti-inflammatory properties in the present study. This array of anti-inflammatory metabolites could provide clues for future evaluation and translational study of these anti-inflammatory molecules.

scholarly journals Metabolomes and Lipidomes of the Infective Stages of the Gastrointestinal nematodes, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Trichuris muris

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 446
Author(s):  
Karma Yeshi ◽  
Darren J. Creek ◽  
Dovile Anderson ◽  
Edita Ritmejerytė ◽  
Luke Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Trichuris Muris ◽  
Metabolomics Standard Initiative ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
Somatic Extract

Soil-transmitted helminths, including hookworms and whipworms, infect billions of people worldwide. Their capacity to penetrate and migrate through their hosts’ tissues is influenced by the suite of molecules produced by the infective developmental stages. To facilitate a better understanding of the immunobiology and pathogenicity of human hookworms and whipworms, we investigated the metabolomes of the infective stage of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis third-stage larvae (L3) which penetrate the skin and Trichuris muris eggs which are orally ingested, using untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We identified 55 polar metabolites through Metabolomics Standard Initiative level-1 (MSI-I) identification from N. brasiliensis and T. muris infective stages, out of which seven were unique to excretory/secretory products (ESPs) of N. brasiliensis L3. Amino acids were a principal constituent (33 amino acids). Additionally, we identified 350 putative lipids, out of which 28 (all known lipids) were unique to N. brasiliensis L3 somatic extract and four to T. muris embryonated egg somatic extract. Glycerophospholipids and glycerolipids were the major lipid groups. The catalogue of metabolites identified in this study shed light on the biology, and possible therapeutic and diagnostic targets for the treatment of these critical infectious pathogens. Moreover, with the growing body of literature on the therapeutic utility of helminth ESPs for treating inflammatory diseases, a role for metabolites is likely but has received little attention thus far.

Pig uterine luminal fluid contains the developmentally regulated neurotrophic factor, pleiotrophin

1996 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
D R Brigstock ◽  
G Y Kim ◽  
C L Steffen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
Heparin Affinity

Abstract The pig conceptus produces a non-invasive placenta which is probably dependent on uterine secretory products during both the pre- and post-attachment periods. Since some of these factors are also produced during the oestrous cycle, uterine luminal flushings (ULF) from adult non-pregnant pigs were analysed to identify potentially important maternally-secreted growth factors or cytokines. ULF contained several proteins that were detected on Western blots by an antibody raised against the N-terminal 14 amino acids of rat pleiotrophin (PTN). One of the proteins co-migrated on SDS-PAGE gels and co-eluted from heparin-affinity columns with 18 kDa recombinant human PTN, suggesting its identity as the intact native porcine PTN (pPTN) molecule. Additional immunoreactive forms of pPTN were identified that were of lower molecular mass (14–16 kDa), had lower heparin-affinities, were more hydrophobic, and were apparently C-terminally truncated. Native pPTN was isolated from ULF using cation-exchange chromatography, heparin-affinity fast protein liquid chromatography and C4 reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Structural analysis of the purified protein resulted in definitive identification of 15 out of 17 N-terminal amino acids; these were 100% conserved with the corresponding residues of human, bovine and rat PTN. These results demonstrate various biochemical properties of pPTN and suggest that, in addition to the apparent involvement of PTN in differentiation during early neonatal life, it may be delivered in uterine secretory fluids to, as yet, undefined target cells in the reproductive tract of the adult female. Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 148, 103–111

scholarly journals Meroterpenoids: A Comprehensive Update Insight on Structural Diversity and Biology

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 957
Author(s):  
Mamona Nazir ◽  
Muhammad Saleem ◽  
Muhammad Imran Tousif ◽  
Muhammad Aijaz Anwar ◽  
Frank Surup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Hybrid Compounds ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Meroterpenoids are secondary metabolites formed due to mixed biosynthetic pathways which are produced in part from a terpenoid co-substrate. These mixed biosynthetically hybrid compounds are widely produced by bacteria, algae, plants, and animals. Notably amazing chemical diversity is generated among meroterpenoids via a combination of terpenoid scaffolds with polyketides, alkaloids, phenols, and amino acids. This review deals with the isolation, chemical diversity, and biological effects of 452 new meroterpenoids reported from natural sources from January 2016 to December 2020. Most of the meroterpenoids possess antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, enzyme inhibitory, and immunosupressive effects.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Mycosporine-Like Amino Acid (MAA) Pattern of the Salt Marsh Red Alga Bostrychia scorpioides

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Maria Orfanoudaki ◽  
Anja Hartmann ◽  
Julia Mayr ◽  
Félix L. Figueroa ◽  
Julia Vega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Diode Array ◽  
Diode Array Detector ◽  
The Past ◽  
Specific Species

This study presents the validation of a high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method for the determination of different mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in the red alga Bostrychia scorpioides. The investigated MAAs, named bostrychines, have only been found in this specific species so far. The developed HPLC-DAD method was successfully applied for the quantification of the major MAAs in Bostrychia scorpioides extracts, collected from four different countries in Europe showing only minor differences between the investigated samples. In the past, several Bostrychia spp. have been reported to include cryptic species, and in some cases such as B. calliptera, B. simpliciuscula, and B. moritziana, the polyphyly was supported by differences in their MAA composition. The uniformity in the MAA composition of the investigated B. scorpioides samples is in agreement with the reported monophyly of this Bostrychia sp.

scholarly journals The Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesised from Cotyledon orbiculata Aqueous Extract

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1343
Author(s):  
Caroline Tyavambiza ◽  
Abdulrahman Mohammed Elbagory ◽  
Abram Madimabe Madiehe ◽  
Mervin Meyer ◽  
Samantha Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Anti Inflammation ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Cotyledon orbiculata, commonly known as pig’s ear, is an important medicinal plant of South Africa. It is used in traditional medicine to treat many ailments, including skin eruptions, abscesses, inflammation, boils and acne. Many plants have been used to synthesize metallic nanoparticles, particularly silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). However, the synthesis of AgNPs from C. orbiculata has never been reported before. The aim of this study was to synthesize AgNPs using C. orbiculata and evaluate their antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. AgNPs were synthesized and characterized using Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM). The antimicrobial activities of the nanoparticles against skin pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans) as well as their effects on cytokine production in macrophages (differentiated from THP-1 cells) were evaluated. The AgNPs from C. orbiculata exhibited antimicrobial activity, with the highest activity observed against P. aeruginosa (5 µg/mL). The AgNPs also showed anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1 beta) in lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages. This concludes that the AgNPs produced from C. orbiculata possess antimicrobial and anti-inflammation properties.

scholarly journals BAM15, a Mitochondrial Uncoupling Agent, Attenuates Inflammation in the LPS Injection Mouse Model: An Adjunctive Anti-Inflammation on Macrophages and Hepatocytes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Cong Phi Dang ◽  
Jiraphorn Issara-Amphorn ◽  
Awirut Charoensappakit ◽  
Kanyarat Udompornpitak ◽  
Thansita Bhunyakarnjanarat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atp Depletion ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Flux Analysis ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Mitochondrial Uncoupling ◽  
Inflammatory Monocytes ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cell Energy ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Controlof immune responses through the immunometabolism interference is interesting for sepsis treatment. Then, expression of immunometabolism-associated genes and BAM15, a mitochondrial uncoupling agent, was explored in a proinflammatory model using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Accordingly, the decreased expression of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins was demonstrated by transcriptomic analysis on metabolism-associated genes in macrophages (RAW246.7) and by polymerase chain reaction in LPS-stimulated RAW246.7 and hepatocytes (Hepa 1–6). Pretreatment with BAM15 at 24 h prior to LPS in macrophages attenuated supernatant inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10), downregulated genes of proinflammatory M1 polarization (iNOS and IL-1β), upregulated anti-inflammatory M2 polarization (Arg1 and FIZZ), and decreased cell energy status (extracellular flux analysis and ATP production). Likewise, BAM15 decreased expression of proinflammatory genes (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, and iNOS) and reduced cell energy in hepatocytes. In LPS-administered mice, BAM15 attenuated serum cytokines, organ injury (liver enzymes and serum creatinine), and tissue cytokines (livers and kidneys), in part, through the enhanced phosphorylated αAMPK, a sensor of ATP depletion with anti-inflammatory property, in the liver, and reduced inflammatory monocytes/macrophages (Ly6C +ve, CD11b +ve) in the liver as detected by Western blot and flow cytometry, respectively. In conclusion, a proof of concept for inflammation attenuation of BAM15 through metabolic interference-induced anti-inflammation on macrophages and hepatocytes was demonstrated as a new strategy of anti-inflammation in sepsis.

scholarly journals Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids from Red Macroalgae: UV-Photoprotectors with Potential Cosmeceutical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5112
Author(s):  
Julia Vega ◽  
Geniane Schneider ◽  
Bruna R. Moreira ◽  
Carolina Herrera ◽  
José Bonomi-Barufi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Red Macroalgae ◽  
Thermo Stability ◽  
The Impact

Macroalgae belong to a diverse group of organisms that could be exploited for biomolecule application. Among the biocompounds found in this group, mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are highlighted mainly due to their photoprotection, antioxidant properties, and high photo and thermo-stability, which are attractive characteristics for the development of cosmeceutical products. Therefore, here we revise published data about MAAs, including their biosynthesis, biomass production, extraction, characterization, identification, purification, and bioactivities. MAAs can be found in many algae species, but the highest concentrations are found in red macroalgae, mainly in the order Bangiales, as Porphyra spp. In addition to the species, the content of MAAs can vary depending on environmental factors, of which solar radiation and nitrogen availability are the most influential. MAAs can confer photoprotection due to their capacity to absorb ultraviolet radiation or reduce the impact of free radicals on cells, among other properties. To extract these compounds, different approaches can be used. The efficiency of these methods can be evaluated with characterization and identification using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), associated with other apparatus such as mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Therefore, the data presented in this review allow a broad comprehension of MAAs and show perspectives for their inclusion in cosmeceutical products.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 improves saturated fat-induced obesity mouse model through the enhanced intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thunnicha Ondee ◽  
Krit Pongpirul ◽  
Peerapat Visitchanakun ◽  
Wilasinee Saisorn ◽  
Suthicha Kanacharoen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Akkermansia Muciniphila ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules

AbstractObesity, a major healthcare problem worldwide, induces metabolic endotoxemia through the gut translocation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a major cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria, causing a chronic inflammatory state. A combination of several probiotics including Lactobacillus acidophilus 5 (LA5), a potent lactic acid-producing bacterium, has previously been shown to attenuate obesity. However, data on the correlation between a single administration of LA5 versus microbiota alteration might be helpful for the probiotic adjustment. LA5 was administered daily together with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks in mice. Furthermore, the condition media of LA5 was also tested in a hepatocyte cell-line (HepG2 cells). Accordingly, LA5 attenuated obesity in mice as demonstrated by weight reduction, regional fat accumulation, lipidemia, liver injury (liver weight, lipid compositions, and liver enzyme), gut permeability defect, endotoxemia, and serum cytokines. Unsurprisingly, LA5 improved these parameters and acidified fecal pH leads to the attenuation of fecal dysbiosis. The fecal microbiome analysis in obese mice with or without LA5 indicated; (i) decreased Bacteroidetes (Gram-negative anaerobes that predominate in non-healthy conditions), (ii) reduced total fecal Gram-negative bacterial burdens (the sources of gut LPS), (iii) enhanced Firmicutes (Gram-positive bacteria with potential benefits) and (iv) increased Verrucomycobia, especially Akkermansia muciniphila, a bacterium with the anti-obesity property. With LA5 administration, A. muciniphila in the colon were more than 2,000 folds higher than the regular diet mice as determined by 16S rRNA. Besides, LA5 produced anti-inflammatory molecules with a similar molecular weight to LPS that reduced cytokine production in LPS-activated HepG2 cells. In conclusion, LA5 attenuated obesity through (i) gut dysbiosis attenuation, partly through the promotion of A. muciniphila (probiotics with the difficulty in preparation processes), (ii) reduced endotoxemia, and (iii) possibly decreased liver injury by producing the anti-inflammatory molecules.

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