scholarly journals Potential Microbiological Risk Factors Associated With Periodontitis and Periodontal Health Disparities

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing-Yan Wang ◽  
Tom Lu ◽  
Qiuyin Cai ◽  
Meng-Hsuan Ho ◽  
Sally Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Hispanic Americans ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Ethnic Populations ◽  
Virulence Potential ◽  
Beneficial Bacterium ◽  
Total Bacteria

Periodontitis disproportionately affects different racial and ethnic populations. In this study, we used qPCR to determine and compare oral microbial profiles in dental plaque samples from 191 periodontitis patients of different ethnic/racial backgrounds. We also obtained the periodontal parameters of these patients retrospectively using axiUm and performed statistical analysis using SAS 9.4. We found that in this patient cohort, neighborhood median incomes were significantly higher among Caucasians Americans (CAs) than among African Americans (AAs) and Hispanic Americans (HAs). Levels of total bacteria and Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone periodontal pathogen, were not evenly distributed among the three groups. We confirmed our previous findings that Streptococcus cristatus reduces P. gingivalis virulence potential and likely serves as a beneficial bacterium. We also showed the ratio of S. cristatus to P. gingivalis to be significantly higher in CAs than in HAs and AAs. Our results suggest that higher levels of P. gingivalis and lower ratios of S. cristatus to P. gingivalis may contribute to periodontal health disparities.

scholarly journals Discrimination and Protective Factors to Cognitive Health: Testing NIA’s Health Disparities Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 672-672
Author(s):  
Ernest Gonzales ◽  
Cliff Whetung ◽  
Jane Lee ◽  
Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Health Trajectories ◽  
Structural Inequities ◽  
Everyday Discrimination

Abstract Cognitive impairment is a worldwide epidemic. Informed by NIA’s Health Disparities Framework, this study investigated interpersonal, behavioral, and sociocultural risk and protective factors associated with cognitive health trajectories. Mixed models examined factors associated with cognitive health with data from the Health and Retirement Study among Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics (2008-2014, N=4,511). A majority of respondents who experienced everyday discrimination attributed it to ageism among this racially and ethnically diverse sample. Stratified mixed models of everyday discrimination by attribution (racism or ageism) revealed worse cognitive functioning. Major lifetime discrimination was not statistically associated with cognitive functioning. Economic factors (education, income, assets) and religious activity protected cognitive functioning and were particularly salient for Blacks and Hispanics. Strategies that bolster individual resilience as well as social policies that address discrimination and structural inequities will likely reduce health disparities and improve population health.

scholarly journals Polygenic hazard score is associated with prostate cancer in multi-ethnic populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh-Phuong Huynh-Le ◽  
◽  
Chun Chieh Fan ◽  
Roshan Karunamuni ◽  
Wesley K. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Gleason Score ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Distant Metastasis ◽  
Ethnic Populations ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Aggressive Cancer ◽  
Screening Accuracy ◽  
Fatal Prostate Cancer

AbstractGenetic models for cancer have been evaluated using almost exclusively European data, which could exacerbate health disparities. A polygenic hazard score (PHS1) is associated with age at prostate cancer diagnosis and improves screening accuracy in Europeans. Here, we evaluate performance of PHS2 (PHS1, adapted for OncoArray) in a multi-ethnic dataset of 80,491 men (49,916 cases, 30,575 controls). PHS2 is associated with age at diagnosis of any and aggressive (Gleason score ≥ 7, stage T3-T4, PSA ≥ 10 ng/mL, or nodal/distant metastasis) cancer and prostate-cancer-specific death. Associations with cancer are significant within European (n = 71,856), Asian (n = 2,382), and African (n = 6,253) genetic ancestries (p < 10−180). Comparing the 80th/20th PHS2 percentiles, hazard ratios for prostate cancer, aggressive cancer, and prostate-cancer-specific death are 5.32, 5.88, and 5.68, respectively. Within European, Asian, and African ancestries, hazard ratios for prostate cancer are: 5.54, 4.49, and 2.54, respectively. PHS2 risk-stratifies men for any, aggressive, and fatal prostate cancer in a multi-ethnic dataset.

scholarly journals Relationship between Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans in early childhood caries, evaluated by quantitative PCR

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang W. Bachtiar ◽  
Boy M. Bachtiar
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Unstimulated Saliva ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Childhood Caries

Background:The aim of this study was to analyze the synergistic relationship betweenCandida albicansandStreptococcus mutansin children with early childhood caries (ECC) experience.Methods:Dental plaque and unstimulated saliva samples were taken from 30 subjects aged 3-5 years old, half with (n=15, dmft > 4) and half without (n=15) ECC. The abundance ofC. albicansandS. mutansand relative to total bacteria load were quantify by real-time PCR (qPCR). This method was also employed to investigate the mRNA expression of glycosyltransferase (gtfB) gene in dental plaque. Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation were used to perform statistical analysis.Results:Within the ECC group, the quantity of both microorganisms were higher in the saliva than in dental plaque. The ratio ofC. albicansto total bacteria was higher in saliva than in plaque samples (p < 0.05). We observed the opposite forS. mutans(p < 0.05). The different value ofC. albicansandS. mutansin saliva was positively correlated, and negatively correlated in dental plaque. Transcription level ofS. mutans gtfBshowed a positive correlation withC. albicansconcentration in dental plaque. Conclusion:C. albicanshas a positive correlation with cariogenic traits ofS. mutansin ECC-related biofilm of young children.

scholarly journals Qat Chewing and Periodontal Pathogens in Health and Disease: Further Evidence for a Prebiotic-Like Effect

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Al-Alimi ◽  
Tara Taiyeb-Ali ◽  
Nasruddin Jaafar ◽  
Nezar Noor Al-hebshi
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Parvimonas Micra ◽  
Nominal Significance ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Filifactor Alocis ◽  
Total Bacteria

Aim. Qat chewing has been reported to induce subgingival microbial shifts suggestive of prebiotic-like properties. The objective here was to assess the effect of qat chewing on a panel of classical and new putative periopathogens in health and periodontitis.Materials and Methods. 40 qat chewers and 40 nonchewers, equally stratified by periodontal health status, were recruited. Taqman, real-time PCR was used to quantify total bacteria,Porphyromonas gingivalis,Tannerella forsythia,Treponema denticola,Parvimonas micra,Filifactor alocis, Synergistetes, and TM7s in pooled subgingival biofilm samples. Differences in microbial parameters between the study groups were analysed using ordinal regression.Results. In health, the qat chewers harboured significantly lower relative counts ofP. gingivalis,T. forsythia, Synergistetes, and TM7s after adjustment for multiple comparisons (P≤0.007). At nominal significance level, they also carried lower counts of TM7s andP. micra(P≤0.05). In periodontitis, the chewers had lower counts of all taxa; however, onlyT. denticolawithstood correction for multiple comparisons (P≤0.0063).Conclusions. Qat chewing is associated with lower proportions of periopathogens, particularly in subjects with healthy periodontium, which supports previous reports of its prebiotic-like properties. This potentially beneficial biological effect can be exploited by attempting to isolate the active fraction.

scholarly journals Clinical evaluation of periodontal pathogen levels by real-time polymerase chain reaction in peri-implantitis patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taichi Ito ◽  
Gentaro Mori ◽  
Yukari Oda ◽  
Tomoki Hirano ◽  
Hodaka Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Average Copy ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Total Bacteria

Abstract Objective The mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of peri-implantitis are similar to those of periodontitis, and the causative bacteria are believed to similar. Previous studies support an association between peri-implantitis and periodontal pathogen. Thus, we investigated the bacterial flora of peri-implantitis patients in comparison to those of healthy implant and periodontitis patients. Materials and methods In total, 70 patients visiting Tokyo Dental College Chiba Hospital were divided into four groups: healthy, periodontitis, healthy implant, and peri-implantitis. For each group, the following five periodontal pathogens were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Prevotella intermedia. Results The average copy number of total bacteria was significantly higher in the periodontitis group than in the other groups. P. gingivalis was detected in the periodontitis and peri-implantitis groups at levels as high as 18.92% and 12.29%, respectively, and P. intermedia was found in the peri-implantitis group at a rate of 2.06%. Nevertheless, periodontal pathogens were generally detected at lower levels in the peri-implantitis group than in the periodontitis group. Conclusion We found lower bacterial counts in the peri-implantitis group relative to the periodontitis group. Our results suggest that the peri-implant tissue is less resistant to bacteria, so even a small number of bacteria can be a risk factor for peri-implantitis and the causative agent of peri-implantitis can be bacteria other than periodontal pathogen.

Detection of Pathogen-Related Oral Spirochetes, Treponema denticola, and Treponema socranskii in Dental Plaque from Dogs

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
George R. Riviere ◽  
Aaron J. Thompson ◽  
Randi D. Brannan ◽  
Donald E. McCoy ◽  
Lloyd G. Simonson
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Representative Specimen ◽  
Treponema Denticola ◽  
Subgingival Plaque ◽  
Reference Sites ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Periodontal Status ◽  
Periodontal Condition

Spirochetes have been observed in dental plaque from dogs, but specific spirochetes have not been identified. In particular, it is not known whether treponemes associated with periodontal diseases in humans also occur in dogs, and whether, like in humans, detection of specific treponemes correlates with periodontal status of dogs. Forty-two dogs were grouped according to the worst periodontal condition in the mouth, as determined by overt signs of inflammation and pocket probing depths. A representative specimen of dental plaque was obtained by pooling subgingival plaque collected from three uniform reference sites, irrespective of periodontal status at selected sites. The presence of pathogen-related oral spirochetes, Treponema denticola, and T. socranskii was determined using specific monoclonal antibodies in an immunocytochemical microscopic assay. All three treponemes were detected in all groups, but a significantly greater proportion of dogs with pocket probing depths ≥5 mm had detectable treponemes, compared to dogs that were in periodontal health.

scholarly journals Calibrated interdental brushing for the prevention of periodontal pathogens infection in young adults - a randomized controlled clinical trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Bourgeois ◽  
Manuel Bravo ◽  
Juan-Carlos Llodra ◽  
Camille Inquimbert ◽  
Stéphane Viennot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Periodontal Bacteria ◽  
Strong Indicator ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Total Bacteria

Abstract Periodontal disease is clearly correlated with systemic disease. The presence of periodontal pathogens in interdental spaces in young, healthy adults is a strong indicator of the need to introduce daily interdental prophylaxis. Twenty-five subjects (aged 18–35 years), diagnosticated clinically as periodontally healthy, were enrolled in this study. One hundred interdental sites were included. Among these sites, 50 “test” sites were cleaned daily with calibrated interdental brushes (IDBs), whereas the other 50 sites were not cleaned and considered “controls”. The interdental biofilm at these interdental sites was collected at the beginning of the study (basal) and at 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, and 3 months. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methodology was used to quantify (i) 19 periodontal bacteria, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia, and (ii) total bacteria. In the test sites, the quantity of total bacteria decreased over time with the use of IDBs. The bacteria from the red and orange Socransky complexes, which are associated with periodontal disease, significantly decreased in the test sites but not in the control sites. Bacteria from the yellow, and purple Socransky complexes, which are associated with periodontal health, increased significantly in both groups whereas bacteria from the blue Socransky complex increased significantly only in the test sites. Furthermore, at basal, 66% of test sites and 68% of control sites bled during interdental brushing. These percentages decreased by 85% in 3 months for the test sites and by 27% in the control sites. In conclusion, the daily use of calibrated IDBs can reduce periodontal pathogens, reestablish symbiotic microbiota and, decrease interdental inflammation in interdental sites of healthy young adults.

scholarly journals Relationship between Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans in early childhood caries, evaluated by quantitative PCR

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang W. Bachtiar ◽  
Boy M. Bachtiar
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Unstimulated Saliva ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Childhood Caries

Background:The aim of this study was to analyze the synergistic relationship betweenCandida albicansandStreptococcus mutansin children with early childhood caries (ECC) experience.Methods:Dental plaque and unstimulated saliva samples were taken from 30 subjects aged 3-5 years old, half with (n=15, dmft > 4) and half without (n=15) ECC. The abundance ofC. albicansandS. mutansand relative to total bacteria load were quantify by real-time PCR (qPCR). This method was also employed to investigate the mRNA expression of glycosyltransferase (gtfB) gene in dental plaque. Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation were used to perform statistical analysis.Results:Within the ECC group, the quantity of both microorganisms were higher in the saliva than in dental plaque. The ratio ofC. albicansto total bacteria was higher in saliva than in plaque samples (p < 0.05). We observed the opposite forS. mutans(p < 0.05). The different value ofC. albicansandS. mutansin saliva was positively correlated, and negatively correlated in dental plaque. Transcription level ofS. mutans gtfBshowed a positive correlation withC. albicansconcentration in dental plaque. Conclusion:C. albicanshas a positive correlation with cariogenic traits ofS. mutansin ECC-related biofilm of young children.

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