scholarly journals Effects of Harvest and Fertilization Frequency on Protein Yield and Extractability From Flood-Tolerant Perennial Grasses Cultivated on a fen Peatland

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Kalla Nielsen ◽  
Lene Stødkilde ◽  
Uffe Jørgensen ◽  
Poul Erik Lærke
Keyword(s):  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Extractable Protein ◽  
Annual Biomass ◽  
Plant Maturity ◽  
True Protein

Paludiculture, and in particular the cultivation of perennial grasses as biomass feedstock for green biorefineries, may be an economic and environmentally sustainable option for agricultural peatlands in temperate regions. However, the optimal biomass quality for protein extraction from flood-tolerant grasses is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to define the combined effect of harvest and fertilization frequency, with one to five annual cuts, on protein yield and extractability for the grasses tall fescue (TF) and reed canary grass (RCG), cultivated on an agricultural fen peatland in Denmark.The content of protein fractions was determined according to the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS). We assessed protein extractability by lab-scale biorefinery techniques using a screw-press followed by acid precipitation of true protein. The two methods were compared to correlate potential extractable protein yields with actual biorefinery outputs. We found the highest annual biomass and crude protein (CP) yields in the two cut treatments, with 13.4 and 15.6 t dry matter (DM) ha−1 year−1, containing 2.9–3.4 t CP ha−1 year−1 for TF and RCG, respectively. The highest neutral-extractable (fractions B1 and B2) true protein yields of 1.1 and 1.5 t ha−1 year−1 were found in the two cut treatments, representing 39% (TF) - 45% (RCG) of total CP. Using biorefining techniques, we were able to precipitate up to 2.2 t DM ha−1 year−1 of protein concentrate, containing up to 39% CP. Significant correlations between methods were found, with a distinct relationship between CNCPS fractions B1 + B2 and CP yield of the protein concentrate, indicating the suitability of the CNCPS as an indicator for extractable protein yields. Biomass and CP yields were not significantly improved beyond two annual cuts. However, timing and harvest frequencies significantly affected plant maturity and consequently extractable CP contents and protein concentrate yields. We conclude that TF and RCG are promising feedstocks for green biorefineries due to high biomass, extractable CP, and protein concentrate yields, and highlight the potential of flood-tolerant grasses, cultivated on wet agricultural peatlands, for an enhanced valorisation beyond the common utilisation for bioenergy.

Protein yield and extractability of flood-tolerant perennial grasses cultivated on a riparian fen, affected by harvest and fertilisation frequency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Kalla ◽  
Lene Stødkilde ◽  
Uffe Jørgensen ◽  
Poul Erik Lærke
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Extractable Protein ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
True Protein ◽  
Field Plots

<p>Paludiculture, defined as agriculture on wet or rewetted peatlands has been proposed as a mitigation strategy to reverse unsustainable environmental impacts such as land subsidence, nutrient release to surface water and greenhouse gas emissions from traditional agriculture on drained peatland. In particular, the production of biomass feedstock from flood-tolerant perennial grasses for green biorefining to protein and other value-added products may be a viable economic and environmentally sustainable option for temperate peatlands. However, optimal quality characteristics of the biomass for protein extraction have yet to be defined.</p><p>In 2018, field plots cultivated with different flood-tolerant perennial grasses were established in an agricultural fen peatland in Denmark. Of these, a total of eight plots cultivated with reed canary grass (RCG) and tall fescue were each subdivided into six sub-plots with different management regarding harvest and fertilisation. Harvest frequencies ranged from one to five times in the period between mid-May to mid-October at intervals of 4-6 weeks. The sub-plots received fertilisation of 100 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> of both N and K prior to each harvest. Protein extractability of the grasses was assessed by lab-scale biorefinery techniques using a screw press followed by precipitation of true protein in the resulting juice. This was compared with protein fractions classified by the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS).  The biorefinery extractable protein yields (fresh weight) ranged from 10 % to 25 % of the fresh mass input, dependent on treatment, with summer harvests having the lowest yield. Evaluation of the easily extractable crude protein (CP) CNCPS fractions B1 and B2 showed yields of between 61.8 – 110.7 g CP kg<sup>-1</sup> DM.  Preliminary processing of data showed that the cumulative yields of extractable crude protein for the growing season seem highly affected by management.</p>

Yields of protein extracted from a range of northern Victorian herbage

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (85) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Leaf Protein ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Leaf Protein Concentrate ◽  
Extractable Protein ◽  
Protein Extractability ◽  
Clover Content

Leaf protein concentrate was extracted and measured in a range of commonly grown pasture plants and cereals in Victoria, with the aim of identifying species most suitable for a leaf protein concentrate industry. The effects of sward maturity, nitrogen fertilizer and pH, on protein extractability were examined. Best yields (1100 to 1500 kg ha-1) of extractable protein were obtained from irrigated lucerne and white clover. Extractable protein yield from perennial grass, cereals and lucerne declined rapidly with maturity, whereas lupins, vetch and white clover were much less affected by maturity. Soursob in mixed pasture reduced yields by reducing pH of juice. Nitrogen fertilizer applied in spring on a mixed pasture reduced the clover content and consequently the extractable protein yield.

scholarly journals A Single Seed Protein Extraction Protocol for Characterizing Brassica Seed Storage Proteins

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Mahmudur Rahman ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Bronwyn J. Barkla
Keyword(s):  
Seed Protein ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Seed Storage Proteins ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Single Seed ◽  
Material Optimization ◽  
Hazardous Chemical

Rapeseed oil-extracted expeller cake mostly contains protein. Various approaches have been used to isolate, detect and measure proteins in rapeseeds, with a particular focus on seed storage proteins (SSPs). To maximize the protein yield and minimize hazardous chemical use, isolation costs and the loss of seed material, optimization of the extraction method is pivotal. For some studies, it is also necessary to minimize or avoid seed-to-seed cross-contamination for phenotyping and single-tissue type analysis to know the exact amount of any bioactive component in a single seed, rather than a mixture of multiple seeds. However, a simple and robust method for single rapeseed seed protein extraction (SRPE) is unavailable. To establish a strategy for optimizing SRPE for downstream gel-based protein analysis, yielding the highest amount of SSPs in the most economical and rapid way, a variety of different approaches were tested, including variations to the seed pulverization steps, changes to the compositions of solvents and reagents and adjustments to the protein recovery steps. Following SRPE, 1D-SDS-PAGE was used to assess the quality and amount of proteins extracted. A standardized SRPE procedure was developed and then tested for yield and reproducibility. The highest protein yield and quality were obtained using a ball grinder with stainless steel beads in Safe-Lock microcentrifuge tubes with methanol as the solvent, providing a highly efficient, economic and effective method. The usefulness of this SRPE was validated by applying the procedure to extract protein from different Brassica oilseeds and for screening an ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutant population of Brassica rapa R-0-18. The outcomes provide useful methodology for identifying and characterizing the SSPs in the SRPE.

Response of the annual biomass production of a typical steppe plant community to precipitation fluctuations

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Xiaoping Xin ◽  
Yong Ding ◽  
Xiangyang Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Typical Steppe ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
Annual Biomass

Understanding the relationship between the aboveground net primary production (ANPP) and annual precipitation in arid and semiarid grasslands is crucial for assessing the effects of climate change on grassland ecosystems. The temporal pattern of ANPP, based on long-term data on a semiarid ecosystem in Inner Mongolia, was investigated. The biomass of perennial grasses, perennial forbs and Stipa grandis P. Smirn., showed a positive relationship with annual precipitation. The amount of annual precipitation also changed the annual biomass of 13 other dominant species and consequently the ANPP. The coefficient of variation of the ANPP of the plant community was lower than the coefficient of variation of annual precipitation. Irrespective of the strong inter-annual variation in annual precipitation, the positive relationship found between ANPP and annual precipitation suggests the dependence of ANPP upon hydrological variations in typical steppe. Our findings highlight the importance of dominant perennial species and functional groups in mediating the responses of ANPP to annual precipitation in the typical steppe in northern China.

scholarly journals Evaluation of female Aedes aegypti proteome via LC-ESI-MS/MS using two protein extraction methods

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10863
Author(s):  
Abubakar Shettima ◽  
Intan H. Ishak ◽  
Syahirah Hanisah Abdul Rais ◽  
Hadura Abu Hasan ◽  
Nurulhasanah Othman
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Protein Identification ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Adaptor Protein ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Functional Protein ◽  
Acetone Precipitation ◽  
Esi Ms

Background Proteomic analyses have broadened the horizons of vector control measures by identifying proteins associated with different biological and physiological processes and give further insight into the mosquitoes’ biology, mechanism of insecticide resistance and pathogens-mosquitoes interaction. Female Ae. aegypti ingests human blood to acquire the requisite nutrients to make eggs. During blood ingestion, female mosquitoes transmit different pathogens. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the best protein extraction method for mass spectrometry analysis which will allow a better proteome profiling for female mosquitoes. Methods In this present study, two protein extractions methods were performed to analyze female Ae. aegyti proteome, via TCA acetone precipitation extraction method and a commercial protein extraction reagent CytoBusterTM. Then, protein identification was performed by LC-ESI-MS/MS and followed by functional protein annotation analysis. Results The CytoBusterTM reagent gave the highest protein yield with a mean of 475.90 µg compared to TCA acetone precipitation extraction showed 283.15 µg mean of protein. LC-ESI-MS/MS identified 1,290 and 890 proteins from the CytoBusterTM reagent and TCA acetone precipitation, respectively. When comparing the protein class categories in both methods, there were three additional categories for proteins identified using CytoBusterTM reagent. The proteins were related to scaffold/adaptor protein (PC00226), protein binding activity modulator (PC00095) and intercellular signal molecule (PC00207). In conclusion, the CytoBusterTM protein extraction reagent showed a better performance for the extraction of proteins in term of the protein yield, proteome coverage and extraction speed.

scholarly journals Fine-tuned method to extract high purified proteins from the seagrass Halophila stipulacea to be used for proteome analyses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Mazzuca ◽  
Amalia Piro ◽  
Vasileia Anagnostopoulou ◽  
Eugenia Apostolaki
Keyword(s):  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Halophila Stipulacea ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The non-indigenous to the Mediterranean tropical seagrass Halophila stipulacea has the possibility to become more prevalent in the Mediterranean basin, exacerbated by the rapid increase of water temperature. Molecular profiling appears a promising tool to study the traits that render H. stipulacea tolerant and resilient and facilitate its rapid and vast geographical spread. Taking advantage from recent seagrass genomes sequencing, proteomics specialty has been applied to several seagrasses giving new insight on the biology and physiology of this group of angiosperms. Thus, it could be of interest to apply proteomics to H. stipulacea that it could be considered as a possible plant model species to study marine biological invasion. The first step to achieve this goal is to obtain high quality proteins from plant tissue. Tissue fixation and protein extraction protocol are the most challenging steps in proteomics . Here we report a fine-tuned procedure obtained by comparing protein yield from H. stipulacea plants frozen in liquid nitrogen or preserved in RNAlater and processed following two different extraction protocols. Higher protein yield have been extracted from the procedure that use the RNA later preserved plants, extracted with trichloroacetic acid in water followed by trichloroacetic acid in acetone, compared to those obtained from all other procedures. Protein purity of these samples have been tested by the separation in SDS-PAGE comfirming a better resolved profile of peptide bands suitable for a gel-based proteomics. Then, to assess the quality of proteins the m HPLC-ESI-MS/MS mass spectrometry analyses and bioinformatics have been performed.  Hundreds proteins have been identified against several seagrass genomic resources available at UniProt, NCBI, SeagrassDB and transcriptomic datasets, which were merged to form the first customized dataset useful for H. stipulacea proteomic investigations.

Extraction of Protein from Mechanically Disrupted Freeze-Dried Brewer's Yeasts

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. TU ◽  
C. FARNUM ◽  
J. CLELAND
Keyword(s):  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Extractable Protein ◽  
Biuret Method ◽  
Brewer’S Yeasts ◽  
Optimum Extraction

Protein was extracted from mechanically disrupted brewer's yeasts with an alkaline aqueous solution. Treatment parameters such as pH, solvent-to-yeast ratio, temperature, and time were varied to establish optimum conditions for protein extraction. The pH was found to be the major single factor affecting yield of extractable protein as determined by the biuret method. Maximal and minimal protein solubilities were observed at pH 12 and 4.5, respectively. Under conditions for optimum extraction, the yield of extracted protein was 68.2%. Protein concentrates prepared from brewer's yeast under the selected extraction conditions were analyzed for their content of protein, ribonucleic acid, crude fat, ash, and essential amino acids.

Effect of pH on Protein Extraction from Mahaleb Kernels and Functional Properties of Resulting Protein Concentrate

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melih Güzel ◽  
Mehtap Çelik ◽  
Metin Yildirim
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Effect Of Ph ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Precipitation Ph ◽  
Foaming Capacity ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
And Chemical Properties

AbstractThe aims of this research were to examine the effect of pH on extraction of proteins from mahaleb (Prunus mahaleb L.) kernels, and to investigate the functional properties of resulting protein concentrate. The optimum pH values for the protein extraction and precipitation were determined as 10.0 and 4.5, respectively. The protein concentrate containing 92.73% dry matter, 6.29% ash, 6.02% carbohydrate, 1.42% fat and 73.11% protein was produced by using these extraction and precipitation pH values. Water-holding capacity, oil-holding capacity and the least gelling concentration of the protein concentrate were 2.81 g water/g, 1.66 g oil/g and 12%, respectively. Moreover, emulsifying activity and stability indices, foaming capacity and stability of protein concentrate were 27.21 m2/g, 81.05 min, 43.75% and 71.33% (after 30 min), respectively. The functional and chemical properties of the protein concentrate indicate that it may find application as functional ingredient for various food products.

Research on Proteinous Adhesive Made of Protein Isolated from Crayfish Shell Waste

2013 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Rong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
Extractable Protein

Defatted crayfish shell waste (CSW) was prepared by the removal of extractable fat with cyclohexane. CSW was pretreated by benzoic acid and demineralized by acids. Proteins in the pretreated CSW were extracted with NaOH and 0-4% NaCl concentrations with 0.05% CaCl2 at pH 5.5-6.6 for 1 h at 50°C. By using the salt extraction procedure, CSW protein concentrate (29 g) was obtained from pretreated CSW (100 g). Recovery of protein was dependent on the extraction temperature employed; recovery values ranged from 33.2 to 51.4%. At 4% NaCl concentration, CaCl2 increased protein solubility by 30%, compared to the control. The adhesiveness of saltextractable protein at various pH values ranging from 5.0 to 9.0 was investigated. At pH 6.0-8.0, adhesiveness of salt-extractable protein showed the highest value (78.2 kg). The adhesiveness increased linearly as the salt-extractable protein concentration increased up to 24% with respect to temperature for salt-extractable protein adhesiveness, the greatest adhesiveness was in the range of 70 to 90. Improved adhesiveness and water resistance were observed with 0.05% glutaraldehyde treatment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document