Ingestion and Depuration of Microplastics by a Planktivorous Coral Reef Fish, Pomacentrus amboinensis

Microplastics are ubiquitous contaminants in marine environments and organisms. Concerns about potential impacts on marine organisms are usually associated with uptake of microplastics, especially via ingestion. This study used environmentally relevant exposure conditions to investigate microplastic ingestion and depuration kinetics of the planktivorous damselfish, Pomacentrus amboinensis. Irregular shaped blue polypropylene (PP) particles (longest length 125–250 μm), and regular shaped blue polyester (PET) fibers (length 600–700 μm) were selected based on physical and chemical characteristics of microplastics commonly reported in the marine environment, including in coral reef ecosystems. Individual adult damselfish were exposed to a single dose of PP particles and PET fibers at concentrations reported for waters of the Great Barrier Reef (i.e., environmentally relevant concentrations, ERC), or future projected higher concentrations (10x ERC, 100x ERC). Measured microplastic concentrations were similar to their nominal values, confirming that PP particles and PET fibers were present at the desired concentrations and available for ingestion by individual damselfish. Throughout the 128-h depuration period, the 88 experimental fish were sampled 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128-h post microplastic exposure and their gastrointestinal tracts (GIT) analyzed for ingested microplastics. While damselfish ingested both experimental microplastics at all concentrations, body burden, and depuration rates of PET fibers were significantly larger and longer, respectively, compared to PP particles. For both microplastic types, exposure to higher concentrations led to an increase in body burden and lower depuration rates. These findings confirm ingestion of PP particles and PET fibers by P. amboinensis and demonstrate for the first time the influence of microplastic characteristics and concentrations on body burden and depuration rates. Finally, despite measures put in place to prevent contamination, extraneous microplastics were recovered from experimental fish, highlighting the challenge to completely eliminate contamination in microplastic exposure studies. These results are critical to inform and continuously improve protocols for future microplastics research, and to elucidate patterns of microplastic contamination and associated risks in marine organisms.

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The Role of Symbioses in the Adaptation and Stress Responses of Marine Organisms

Annual Review of Marine Science ◽

10.1146/annurev-marine-010419-010641 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 291-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Amy Apprill

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Significant Role ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Technological Development ◽

Marine Organisms ◽

Anthropogenic Change ◽

Subject Knowledge ◽

Coral Reef Ecosystems

Ocean ecosystems are experiencing unprecedented rates of climate and anthropogenic change, which can often initiate stress in marine organisms. Symbioses, or associations between different organisms, are plentiful in the ocean and could play a significant role in facilitating organismal adaptations to stressful ocean conditions. This article reviews current knowledge about the role of symbiosis in marine organismal acclimation and adaptation. It discusses stress and adaptations in symbioses from coral reef ecosystems, which are among the most affected environments in the ocean, including the relationships between corals and microalgae, corals and bacteria, anemones and clownfish, and cleaner fish and client fish. Despite the importance of this subject, knowledge of how marine organisms adapt to stress is still limited, and there are vast opportunities for research and technological development in this area. Attention to this subject will enhance our understanding of the capacity of symbioses to alleviate organismal stress in the oceans.

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Distribution and biological implications of plastic pollution on the fringing reef of Mo’orea, French Polynesia

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.3733 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. e3733 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Elizabeth J. Connors

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

South Pacific ◽

French Polynesia ◽

The South ◽

Plastic Pollution ◽

Fringing Reef ◽

Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽

Oceanic Gyres ◽

First Time ◽

Negatively Buoyant

Coral reef ecosystems of the South Pacific are extremely vulnerable to plastic pollution from oceanic gyres and land-based sources. To describe the extent and impact of plastic pollution, the distribution of both macro- (>5 mm) and microplastic (plastic < 5 mm) of the fringing reef of an isolated South Pacific island, Mo’orea, French Polynesia was quantified. Macroplastic was found on every beach on the island that was surveyed. The distribution of this plastic was categorized by site type and by the presence of Turbinaria ornata, a common macroalgae on Mo’orea. Microplastics were discovered in the water column of the fringing reef of the island, at a concentration of 0.74 pieces m−2. Additionally, this study reports for the first time the ingestion of microplastic by the corallimorpha Discosoma nummiforme. Microplastics were made available to corallimorph polyps in a laboratory setting over the course of 108 h. Positively and negatively buoyant microplastics were ingested, and a microplastic particle that was not experimentally introduced was also discovered in the stomach cavity of one organism. This study indicates that plastic pollution has the potential to negatively impact coral reef ecosystems of the South Pacific, and warrants further study to explore the broader potential impacts of plastic pollution on coral reef ecosystems.

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PERANAN EKOLOGIS SPONS PADA EKOSISTEM TERUMBU KARANG

OSEANA ◽

10.14203/oseana.2018.vol.43no.1.15 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 53-62

Author(s):

Tri Aryono Hadi

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Water Column ◽

Marine Organisms ◽

The Body ◽

Nutrient Cycles ◽

Biotic Factors ◽

Marine Benthos ◽

Energy Transfers ◽

Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽

Abiotic And Biotic Factors

ECOLOGICAL ROLES OF SPONGES IN CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEMS. Sponges are one of main reef benthic components which is quite abundant and worldwide distributed. Due to its unique characteristics, such as filtering water column, possessing pores throughout the body, and producing metabolite compounds, sponges play important roles in marine ecosystems. In coral reef ecosystems, the roles are very complex, including facilitating nutrient cycles, stabilizing/eroding calcareous substrates, hosting many types of marine organisms, providing protection to its symbions, competing with other marine benthos in structuring the reefs and as a bioindicator. In this case, sponges can be illustrated as a mediator between abiotic and biotic factors, thus material and energy transfers in the coral reef ecosystems can be boosted. Therefore, it is essential to monitor sponge communities in the reefs considering that its immense roles cannot likely be replaced by other marine organisms.

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Zeolites Fit For A Crown: Probing Host-Guest Interactions with Thermogravimetric Methods

10.26434/chemrxiv.7429961 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Asel Sartbaeva ◽

Paul R. Raithby ◽

Remi Castaing ◽

Antony Nearchou

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Thermal Analysis ◽

Differential Thermal Analysis ◽

Petrochemical Industry ◽

Rational Use ◽

New Methodologies ◽

First Time ◽

Kinetics Of

Through a combination of thermogravimetry, mass spectrometry and differential thermal analysis, we demonstrate for the first time that all four zeolites show experimental differences in their host-guest interactions with 18C6. In addition, we have estimated the kinetics of 18C6 decomposition, which is a technique that has not been applied to zeolites previously. Using these findings as a toolkit, a more rational use of OSDAs can be utilised to prepare designer zeolites. Furthermore, the new methodologies presented herein can be applied to current zeolites, such as MFI-type zeolites used in the petrochemical industry.

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Rapid systemic surge of IL-33 after severe human trauma: a prospective observational study

Molecular Medicine ◽

10.1186/s10020-021-00288-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Olav Sundnes ◽

William Ottestad ◽

Camilla Schjalm ◽

Peter Lundbäck ◽

Lars la Cour Poulsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Prospective Observational Study ◽

Tissue Injury ◽

Trauma Patients ◽

Decoy Receptor ◽

Interleukin 33 ◽

Injured Patients ◽

First Time ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Insight Into

Abstract Background Alarmins are considered proximal mediators of the immune response after tissue injury. Understanding their biology could pave the way for development of new therapeutic targets and biomarkers in human disease, including multiple trauma. In this study we explored high-resolution concentration kinetics of the alarmin interleukin-33 (IL-33) early after human trauma. Methods Plasma samples were serially collected from 136 trauma patients immediately after hospital admission, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h thereafter, and every morning in the ICU. Levels of IL-33 and its decoy receptor sST2 were measured by immunoassays. Results We observed a rapid and transient surge of IL-33 in a subset of critically injured patients. These patients had more widespread tissue injuries and a greater degree of early coagulopathy. IL-33 half-life (t1/2) was 1.4 h (95% CI 1.2–1.6). sST2 displayed a distinctly different pattern with low initial levels but massive increase at later time points. Conclusions We describe for the first time early high-resolution IL-33 concentration kinetics in individual patients after trauma and correlate systemic IL-33 release to clinical data. These findings provide insight into a potentially important axis of danger signaling in humans.

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A Multi-User Interactive Coral Reef Optimization Algorithm for Considering Expert Knowledge in the Unequal Area Facility Layout Problem

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11156676 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (15) ◽

pp. 6676

Author(s):

Lorenzo Salas-Morera ◽

Laura García-Hernández ◽

Carlos Carmona-Muñoz

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Collaborative Design ◽

Expert Knowledge ◽

Fitness Function ◽

Facility Layout ◽

Layout Problem ◽

New Strategy ◽

Problem Instances ◽

Expert Designer ◽

First Time

The problem of Unequal Area Facility Layout Planning (UA-FLP) has been addressed by a large number of approaches considering a set of quantitative criteria. Moreover, more recently, the personal qualitative preferences of an expert designer or decision-maker (DM) have been taken into account too. This article deals with capturing more than a single DM’s personal preferences to obtain a common and collaborative design including the whole set of preferences from all the DMs to obtain more complex, complete, and realistic solutions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the preferences of more than one expert designer have been considered in the UA-FLP. The new strategy has been implemented on a Coral Reef Optimization (CRO) algorithm using two techniques to acquire the DMs’ evaluations. The first one demands the simultaneous presence of all the DMs, while the second one does not. Both techniques have been tested over three well-known problem instances taken from the literature and the results show that it is possible to obtain sufficient designs capturing all the DMs’ personal preferences and maintaining low values of the quantitative fitness function.

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Indirect predator effects influence behaviour but not morphology of juvenile coral reef A mbon damselfish Pomacentrus amboinensis

Journal of Fish Biology ◽

10.1111/jfb.14728 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Brittany Arvizu ◽

Bridie J. M. Allan ◽

Justin R. Rizzari

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Juvenile Coral ◽

Pomacentrus Amboinensis ◽

Indirect Predator Effects ◽

Predator Effects

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The kinetics of the decarboxylation of β-resorcylic acid in catechol

Australian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1071/ch9760443 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 443 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

MA Haleem ◽

MA Hakeem

Keyword(s):

Rate Equation ◽

Kinetic Data ◽

Reaction Rate ◽

Complex Mechanism ◽

First Order ◽

Absolute Reaction Rate ◽

First Time ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Absolute Reaction ◽

Reaction Rate Equation

Kinetic data are reported for the decarboxylation of β-resorcylic acid in resorcinol and catechol for the first time. The reaction is first order. The observation supports the view that the decomposition proceeds through an intermediate complex mechanism. The parameters of the absolute reaction rate equation are calculated.

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