scholarly journals Differences in the Seed Germination of Leymus chinensis (Poaceae) Ecotypes Reveal Distinct Strategies for Coping With Salinity Stress: A Common Garden Experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Yao Ma ◽  
Hong-Yuan Ma ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Wen-Wen Qi ◽  
Shao-Yang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Leymus Chinensis ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Total Seed

Soil salinity is important abiotic stress affecting various ecosystems worldwide such as grassland. Distinct ecotypes often evolve within species by natural selection to facilitate adaptation to different types of environmental stress. Leymus chinensis is a perennial rhizomatous grass that is widely distributed in the eastern Eurasian steppe; it has two main ecotypes, namely, yellow-green (YG) and gray-green (GG), which differ in their strategy for coping with salinity stress. Few studies have examined the seed germination of the two ecotypes under salinity stress. In this study, the seed germination and seedling growth of two ecotypes of L. chinensis in response to different levels of salinity (NaCl) stress [0 (control), 20, 50, 100, and 200 mM] were examined. Then, ungerminated seeds were placed under normal conditions to evaluate seedling growth following exposure to salt stress (i.e., regermination). The germination percentage was significantly higher, and the mean germination time was significantly shorter in the GG ecotype than in the YG ecotype at all NaCl concentrations. As the salinity level increased, the radicle length of the two ecotypes decreased; however, GG had longer radicles and a higher number of radicles, even at 200 mM NaCl when no radicle protruding from the seed coat was detected in YG. The shoot length of GG was significantly longer than that of YG at all NaCl levels. After salinity stress was removed, the seed germination percentage increased as the original concentration of NaCl applied increased, but the total germination percentage did not significantly differ among NaCl concentrations. The total seed germination percentage of GG was approximately 80%, whereas that of the YG was approximately 20%. The seedling length of regerminated seeds for both GG and YG was similar. The thousand-grain weight of GG was significantly higher than that of YG. GG was more salt-tolerant than YG and might be better capable of surviving in harsher environments, suggesting that GG might be particularly useful for saline grassland restoration.

scholarly journals The Alleviation Effect of Silicon on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Tomato Under Salinity Stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Haghighi ◽  
Zahra Afifipour ◽  
Maryam Mozafarian
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Tomato Seeds ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Mean Germination Time

The Alleviation Effect of Silicon on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Tomato Under Salinity StressThis study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of silicon (Si) application under salinity levels on seed germination and growth characteristics of tomato seeds. A laboratory experiment was performed on completely randomized design with two levels of salinity (25 and 50 mM NaCl) and 2 concentration of Si (1 and 2 mM) with 4 replications. Germination percentage, germination rate, seedling shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight of seedling and mean germination time was measured. Seed germination ofLycopersicon esculentumL. was significantly affected by salinity levels, Si and their interaction. Germination characteristics of tomato seeds decreased drastically by increasing NaCl concentrations. However, 1 mM Si had positive effects on seed germination characteristics and improved germination percentage, germination rate and mean germination time. Si alleviated the harmful effect of salinity stress on tomato seed germination at almost all germination characteristics.

Effect of heavy metal stress on emerging plants community constructions in wetland

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2459-2466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Peng ◽  
Wu Geng ◽  
Wu Yong-quan ◽  
Li Mao-teng ◽  
Xiang Jun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Wetland Ecosystem ◽  
Ecological Thresholds ◽  
Hongze Lake ◽  
Seedling Length

In this paper, we report the effects of heavy metals (HMs) (cadmium and mercury) on seed germination and seedling growth of Phragmites australis and Triarrhena sacchariflora, which are the two main typical emerging plants in Hongze Lake wetland. The results showed that there was a reduction in germination percentage, germination index and seedling length as HM concentration in the growing media increased for both treatments. The effect of HMs toxicity on seed germination and seedling growth of T. sacchariflora was more obvious than of P. australis. At the stage of seed germination, P. australis and T. sacchariflora were sensitive to Hg2 +  and Cd2 + , respectively, and Hg2 +  was more toxic than Cd2 +  at the stage of seedling growth. The effect of HMs toxicity is not invariable during plant growth. Compared to the stage of seedling growth, P. australis and T. sacchariflora are more susceptible to HMs at the stage of seed germination. In addition, we calculated the ecological thresholds of P. australis to Cd and Hg are 19.32 and 1.08 mg kg−1, and that of T. sacchariflora to Cd is 4.62 mg kg−1 based on the lab simulation. The results also indicated that the species of P. australis is more tolerant than T. sacchariflora to the HMs and is a better candidate for restoration in Hongze Lake wetland ecosystem.

scholarly journals Effects of different levels of NaCl on the seed germination of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-632
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
Mehwish Zahid ◽  
Abu Bakr Umer Farooq ◽  
Muhammad Nafees ◽  
Atta Rasool
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Different Levels

Effects of four different levels of NaCl (05, 10, 15, 20 dS/m) on the seed germination of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) cultivars were investigated. Only distilled water was used in the control. The experiment was conducted in the Petri dishes under laboratory condition and laid out in CRD comprising five replicates. The results indicated that the germination index (GI), seed vigor index (SVI), germination stress index and seedling length (radicle and plumule) decreased with increase of salinity levels and germination percentage (GP) was reduced significantly at the highest level of salinity (200 mM). However, mean germination time (MGT) and time taken for 50% germination (T50) increased by increasing salinity levels. Correlation coefficient between all possible combinations was estimated and the results indicated that GP, GI, MGT, T50, and SVI had significant positive or negative correlation with each other.

Chloride salts inhibit emergence and seedling growth of chickpea rather than germination

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdi Özaktan ◽  
Cemalettin Yasar Çiftçi Çiftçi ◽  
Mehmet Demir KAYA ◽  
Sati Uzun ◽  
Oguzhan Uzun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Chloride Salts ◽  
Chickpea Cultivars

The effects of chloride salts (NaCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2) with the same electrical conductivity (EC) values on germination, emergence, seedling growth and Cl content of seedling in chickpea cultivars (Akçin 91, Aziziye, Gökçe, Inci, Iºýk-05 and Yaºa-05) were investigated. The EC values of the chloride salts were adjusted to 4, 8 and 16 dS m-1 and the distilled water was served as control. Germination percentage, mean germination time, radicula and plumula lengths, fresh and dry radicula and plumula weight, chloride (Cl-) content of seedling in germination test, and seedling length, fresh and dry seedling weight in emergence test were measured. The results revealed that increasing salt doses caused a significant reduction in parameters of all cultivars. The dose of 16 dS m-1 from each salt was found to be lethal. Cl- content of seedling was increased from 0.05 ppm in control to 4.10 ppm in 16 dS m-1; resulting in decreasing germination, emergence and seedling growth. The cultivar Aziziye presented better performance and gave higher emergence rates in NaCl, while Iºýk-05 in CaCl2 and Gökçe in MgCl2; indicating that there was a genotypic variation towards different salt sources. It was concluded that emergence and seedling growth were severely influenced by increasing salinity without changing germination and emergence was not possible at 16 dS m-1.

scholarly journals Effects of NaCl treatments on seed germination and antioxidant activity of canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars

1970 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Shahbazi ◽  
A Arzani ◽  
G Saeidi
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
F1 Hybrid

Effects of salt stress on germination, seedling growth and activity of antioxidant enzymes in leaves of six cultivars of canola (Brassica napus L.) were investigated on two F1 hybrids (Hyola401, Hyola330) and four open pollinated cultivars (Zarfam, Okapi, RGs003 and Sarigol). Seeds were germinated under various levels of salinity (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl solutions). An increase in NaCl concentrations progressively inhibited seed germination. Hyola401 showed the highest germination percentage at all salinity levels. Seedling growth parameters were affected by salt stress particularly at 150 and 200 mM. Leaf antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) were increased by salinity increase up to 150 mM while decreased at 200 mM NaCl concentration. Although constitutive levels of activity of antioxidative enzymes were almost the same among the canola cultivars, Hyola401 induced antioxidant enzyme activities were more efficient when subjected to NaCl treatment. Among the tested cultivars, F1 hybrid ‘Hyola401’ could be considered as salt tolerant as possessing higher germination percentage, better seedling growth and antioxidant activities under salinity stress. On the other hand, F1 hybrid ‘Hyola330’ performed inferior to said aspects and was the most susceptible cultivar to salinity stress. Key words: Canola; Brassica napus; Salinity; Antioxidant enzyme; NaCl; Germination DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v40i1.8000 Bangladesh J. Bot. 40(1): 67-73, 2011 (June)

scholarly journals SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT OF CHERIMOYA (ANNONA CHERIMOLA MILL.) AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
A. KHELOUFI ◽  
L. M. MANSOURI ◽  
H. KHETTACHE
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Annona Cherimola ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Coefficient Of Velocity ◽  
Kinetics Of

Cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) has an exceptional flavor and aroma, which makes it a fruit with great potential. However, little is known about its propagation by seeds. According to the scientific literature, the germination of cherimoya seeds is affected much more by external conditions than by internal conditions. Germination of cherimoya variety ‘Concha Lisa’ were tested for germination at constant temperatures of 25, 30, 40°C, and at room temperature, varying from 20-25°C, coupled with total darkness. Seeds were sown in Petri dishes (0.8% agar water), for 25 days of incubation. The kinetics of germination was determined according to five closely related parameters, viz. final germination percentage (FGP), mean germination time (MGT), coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG), time to 50% germination (T50) and seedling length (SL). The temperature of 30°C was found optimally suitable with 70.8% FGP, 17.5 days MGT and 3.91 cm SL, while the room temperature of 20-25°C slightly improved germination with only 25% FGP. Furthermore, significant decrease in FGP and SL was observed at 25°C and 40°C of temperature in comparison to 30°C. The analysis also revealed that cherimoya seed germination, day 10-15 after seed sowing is suitable for final counts. An overview on the emergence of cherimoya seedlings, during a 12-week period in pots is presented.

scholarly journals Effects of drought stress on germination and seedling growth of different field pea varieties

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Gordana Petrovic ◽  
Tomislav Zivanovic ◽  
Radmila Stikic ◽  
Zorica Nikolic ◽  
Dusica Jovicic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

Germination and seedling growth of seven genotypes of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) were studied in PEG-6000 solution having osmotic potentials -0.1 and -0.2 MPa. A study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of different osmotic potentials (MPa) on seed germination percentage (GP) and mean germination time (MGT). Results show that the percentage of germination decreased with a decrease in osmotic potential, while mean germination time increased. Variety Javor is much more sensitive than the other varieties at all levels of osmotic stress. By contrast, the lowest sensitivity of germination and MGT was found in varieties Mraz and Trezor. Seed germination tests at -0.1 to -0.2 MPa have the potential to be used as tests in field pea. Osmotic stress exposure and its duration significantly affected the growth of seedlings (shoot and root) and the accumulation of biomass, while its effect was more prominent on the growth of the shoot than on root growth, which was also confirmed by the root tolerance index.

scholarly journals Effect of nutri-priming on germination indices and physiological characteristics of stevia seedling under salinity stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Aghighi Shahverdi ◽  
Heshmat Omidi ◽  
Seyed Jalal Tabatabaei
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Germination Indices

Abstract: Poor germination and low seedling growth of stevia (Stevia rebuadiana Bertoni) are common problems in the cultivation of the plant. On the other hand, salinity is one of the abiotic environmental stresses that reduce the performance of the product. The objective in this study was to assess the effect of nutri-priming with selenium (Se), iron (Fe) and boron (B) on stevia seed germination indices and physiological characteristics in sodium chloride (NaCl) salinity condition (0, 30, 60 and 90 mM). Results indicated that the effect of salinity in nutri-priming were significant on germination percentage, germination rate, germination uniformity, germination value, seedling length, seedling vigor index, total chlorophyll, free proline content and enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Salinity stress decreased the percentage and rate of germination and seed vigor, however, nutri-priming reduces the adverse effects of salinity stress. Salinity also reduced the amount of chlorophyll content, in spite of all that this decrease was very low in terms of nutri-priming with Se, Se+Fe and Se+Fe+B in high salinity level (90 mM). Salinity stress increased proline content and antioxidant enzyme activities of CAT and SOD, that nutri-priming especially with the Se more increased. The finding of this study leads to the conclusion that nutri-priming with nutrients, especially Se and Fe increased the antioxidant capacity of the plant to improve germination and seedling growth of stevia under salinity stress.

scholarly journals Screening and Selection of Twenty Iranian Wheatgrass Genotypes for Tolerance to Salinity Stress during Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Stage

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1125-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad-Hossein Sheikh-Mohamadi ◽  
Nematollah Etemadi ◽  
Ali Nikbakht ◽  
Mostafa Farajpour ◽  
Mostafa Arab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity

Desert wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum L.), tall wheatgrass (Agropyron elongatum L.), and crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.) are native cool-season grass species that exhibit potential as a low-input turfgrass. An increased understanding of the biochemical and physiological responses of wheatgrass species and genotypes to salt stress conditions is important for developing genotypes with enhanced tolerance to salinity. The objective of this study was to characterize the physiological and antioxidative properties in 20 Iranian wheatgrass genotypes and to observe their responses to salinity stress during seed germination and seedling growth stage. A completely randomized factorial design was used with two types of factors, four levels of salinity (0, 50, 100, and 150 mm of NaCl), wheatgrass genotypes, and three replicates. In this experiment, the results demonstrated that salinity limits the germination of Iranian wheatgrass genotype seeds. The result of this study showed that among the wheatgrass genotypes, ‘AD1’, ‘AD3,’ ‘AC6’, and ‘FA’ took the shortest average time to germinate. Higher levels of final germination percentage (FGP) were observed in ‘AD2’, ‘AD3’, and ‘AE5’ under salinity stress than other genotypes throughout the experiment. During a prolonged period of study, ‘AD1’ had greater rate of germination (GR) than other genotypes. Out of the 21 genotypes, five genotypes (‘AD1’, ‘AD2’, ‘AD3’, ‘AE5’, and ‘FA’ genotypes) were in the range of “salinity tolerant genotypes” cluster. The ‘AD1’, ‘AD2’, ‘AD3’, ‘AE5’, and ‘FA’ genotypes generally performed better than other genotypes under salinity conditions, mainly through maintaining higher enzymatic activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) (EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT) (EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) (EC 1.11.1.11) and peroxidase (POD) (EC 1.111.1.7), and nonenzymatic antioxidant activities by glutathione (GSH). The ‘AD1’, ‘AD2’, ‘AD3’, ‘AE5’, and ‘FA’ genotypes also had higher proline levels and more of total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) content, lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and lower hydrogen peroxide content (H2O2).

scholarly journals Tomato Seed Coat Permeability to Selected Carbon Nanomaterials and Enhancement of Germination and Seedling Growth

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsiana A. Ratnikova ◽  
Ramakrishna Podila ◽  
Apparao M. Rao ◽  
Alan G. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
Fluorescence And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Carbon Based Nanomaterials

Seed coat permeability was examined using a model that tested the effects of soaking tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) seeds in combination with carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNMs) and ultrasonic irradiation (US). Penetration of seed coats to the embryo by CBNMs, as well as CBNMs effects on seed germination and seedling growth, was examined. Two CBNMs, C60(OH)20(fullerol) and multiwalled nanotubes (MWNTs), were applied at 50 mg/L, and treatment exposure ranged from 0 to 60 minutes. Bright field, fluorescence, and electron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy provided corroborating evidence that neither CBNM was able to penetrate the seed coat. The restriction of nanomaterial (NM) uptake was attributed to the semipermeable layer located at the innermost layer of the seed coat adjacent to the endosperm. Seed treatments using US at 30 or 60 minutes in the presence of MWNTs physically disrupted the seed coat; however, the integrity of the semipermeable layer was not impaired. The germination percentage and seedling length and weight were enhanced in the presence of MWNTs but were not altered by C60(OH)20. The combined exposure of seeds to NMs and US provided insight into the nanoparticle-seed interaction and may serve as a delivery system for enhancing seed germination and early seedling growth.

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