scholarly journals Genetic Mapping of Climbing and Mimicry: Two Behavioral Traits Degraded During Silkworm Domestication

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Wang ◽  
Yongjian Lin ◽  
Shiyi Zhou ◽  
Yong Cui ◽  
Qili Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Wild Silkworm ◽  
Climbing Ability ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain

Behavioral changes caused by domestication in animals are an important issue in evolutionary biology. The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is an ideal fully domesticated insect model for studying both convergent domestication and behavior evolution. We explored the genetic basis of climbing for foraging and mimicry, two degraded behaviors during silkworm domestication, in combination of bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and selection sweep screening. One candidate gene, ASNA1, located in the 3–5 Mb on chromosome 19, harboring a specific non-synonymous mutation in domestic silkworm, might be involved in climbing ability. This mutation was under positive selection in Lepidoptera, strongly suggesting its potential function in silkworm domestication. Nine candidate domesticated genes related to mimicry were identified on chromosomes 13, 21, and 27. Most of the candidate domesticated genes were generally expressed at higher levels in the brain of the wild silkworm. This study provides valuable information for deciphering the molecular basis of behavioral changes associated with silkworm domestication.

scholarly journals Müllerian inhibiting substance contributes to sex-linked biases in the brain and behavior

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (17) ◽  
pp. 7203-7208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Yu Wang ◽  
Anna Protheroe ◽  
Andrew N. Clarkson ◽  
Floriane Imhoff ◽  
Kyoko Koishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Spinal Motor Neurons ◽  
Müllerian Inhibiting Substance ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Mullerian Inhibiting Substance

Many behavioral traits and most brain disorders are common to males and females but are more evident in one sex than the other. The control of these subtle sex-linked biases is largely unstudied and has been presumed to mirror that of the highly dimorphic reproductive nuclei. Sexual dimorphism in the reproductive tract is a product of Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS), as well as the sex steroids. Males with a genetic deficiency in MIS signaling are sexually males, leading to the presumption that MIS is not a neural regulator. We challenge this presumption by reporting that most immature neurons in mice express the MIS-specific receptor (MISRII) and that male Mis−/− and Misrii−/− mice exhibit subtle feminization of their spinal motor neurons and of their exploratory behavior. Consequently, MIS may be a broad regulator of the subtle sex-linked biases in the nervous system.

scholarly journals Neuromarketing – The Potential Tool for Sales of Aesthetic Lasers

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S8) ◽  
pp. 1510-1513
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Marketing Tool ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Potential Tool

Marketing began in 1920s during economic prosperity as the supply was greater than demand. Industries started innovations to sell their products to unwilling customers in the scientific manner analyzing the consumer behaviors. Scientific analysis and research spread towards many fields, from economics to medicines, engineering and marketing, leading to new disciplines, such as Neuro economics, Neuro designs and Neuromarketing. Neuromarketing is the integration or coming together of distinct and separate factors or convergence of evolutionary biology, psychology, genetic, neuroscience, with marketing and economics. Neuromarketing is gaining momentum and the brain science is ruling the market for the consumer buying behavior. In the last two decades, cognitive neuroscience and psychology has made progress in the study of the human mind and behavior. Neuro design” provides the knowledge on the functioning of the human brain for the design of more effective products, size, colours, packaging etc. This paper emphasizeNeuromarketing as an effective marketing tool for sales of aesthetic laser products, so as to make products and messages more effective. Neuromarketing is everything in understanding the design cues and aesthetics, that appeal to human beings’ inner truths and sensibilities, which formed a lakh year ago. Therefore, in this study, the researcher has highlighted the opinion of the field experts that neuro variables play a decisive role in the minds of customers while choosing and buying aesthetic products.

scholarly journals Transcriptome changes underlie alterations in behavioral traits in different types of chicken

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyu Chen ◽  
Chao Yan ◽  
Hai Xiang ◽  
Jinlong Xiao ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Artificial Selection ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Native Breed ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Brain

Abstract In recent decades, artificial selection has contributed greatly to meeting the demands for animal meat, eggs, and milk. However, it has also resulted in changes in behavior, metabolic and digestive function, and alterations in tissue development, including the brain and skeleton. Our study aimed to profile the behavioral traits and transcriptome pattern of chickens (broilers, layers, and dual-purpose breeds) in response to artificial selection. Broilers spent less time gathered as a group in a novel arena (P < 0.01), suggesting reduced fearfulness in these birds. Broilers also showed a greater willingness to approach a model predator during a vigilance test but had a greater behavioral response when first exposed to the vocalization of the predator. Genes found to be upregulated and downregulated in previous work on chickens divergently selected for fear responses also showed consistent differences in expression between breeds in our study and indicated a reduction in fearfulness in broilers. Gene ACTB_G1 (actin) was differentially expressed between breeds and is a candidate gene involved with skeletal muscle growth and disease susceptibility in broilers. Furthermore, breed-specific alterations in the chicken domestic phenotype leading to differences in growth and egg production were associated with behavioral changes, which are probably underpinned by alterations in gene expression, gene ontology terms, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. The results highlight the change in behavior and gene expression of the broiler strain relative to the layer and a dual-purpose native breed.

scholarly journals Co-evolving wing spots and mating displays are genetically separable traits in Drosophila

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan H. Massey ◽  
Gavin R. Rice ◽  
Anggun Firdaus ◽  
Chi-Yang Chen ◽  
Shu-Dan Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Genetic Switch ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Wing Pigmentation ◽  
Physical Linkage ◽  
Sexual Traits ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractThe evolution of sexual traits often involves correlated changes in morphology and behavior. For example, in Drosophila, divergent mating displays are often accompanied by divergent pigment patterns. To better understand how such traits co-evolve, we investigated the genetic basis of correlated divergence in wing pigmentation and mating display between the sibling species Drosophila elegans and D. gunungcola. Drosophila elegans males have an area of black pigment on their wings known as a wing spot and appear to display this spot to females by extending their wings laterally during courtship. By contrast, D. gunungcola lacks both of these traits. Using Multiplexed Shotgun Genotyping (MSG), we identified a ∼440 kb region on the X chromosome that behaves like a genetic switch controlling the presence or absence of male-specific wing spots. This region includes the candidate gene optomotor-blind (omb), which plays a critical role in patterning the Drosophila wing. The genetic basis of divergent wing display is more complex, with at least two loci on the X chromosome and two loci on autosomes contributing to its evolution. Introgressing the X-linked region affecting wing spot development from D. gunungcola into D. elegans reduced pigmentation in the wing spots but did not affect the wing display, indicating that these are genetically separable traits. Consistent with this observation, broader sampling of wild D. gunungcola populations confirmed the wing spot and wing display are evolving independently: some D. gunungcola males preformed wing displays similar to D. elegans despite lacking wing spots. These data suggest that correlated selection pressures rather than physical linkage or pleiotropy are responsible for the coevolution of these morphological and behavioral traits. They also suggest that the change in morphology evolved prior to the change in behavior.

scholarly journals The Evolutionary Biology of Religious Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-334
Author(s):  
Martin Fieder ◽  
Susanne Huber
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Behavior Genetics ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Religious Behavior ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract In the following review article, we aim to summarize the current research progress in the field of evolutionary and behavior genetics studies on human religiousness and religious behavior. First, we provide a brief (and thus incomplete) overview of the historical discussions and explain the genetic basis of behavior in general and religious behavior in particular, from twin studies to molecular data analysis. In the second part of the paper, we discuss the potential evolutionary forces leading to human religiousness and human religious behavior, emphasizing the emergence of “axial age” and the so called “big gods” in the relatively recent history of humans.

scholarly journals Multivariate analysis reveals shared genetic architecture of brain morphology and human behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald de Vlaming ◽  
Eric A.W. Slob ◽  
Philip R Jansen ◽  
Alain Dagher ◽  
Philipp D. Koellinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grey Matter ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Genomic Relatedness ◽  
Shared Genetic

Human variation in brain morphology and behavior are related and highly heritable. Yet, it is largely unknown to what extent specific features of brain morphology and behavior are genetically related. Here, we introduce multivariate genomic-relatedness restricted maximum likelihood (MGREML) and provide estimates of the heritability of grey-matter volume in 74 regions of interest (ROIs) in the brain. We map genetic correlations between these ROIs and health-relevant behavioral outcomes including intelligence. We find four genetically distinct clusters in the brain that are aligned with standard anatomical subdivision in neuroscience. Behavioral traits have distinct genetic correlations with brain morphology which suggests trait-specific relevance of ROIs.

scholarly journals Epilepsy: A Stigma More than Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Khalid Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder that occurs from ancient times and accompanying with convulsions or seizures. Epilepsy has revealed a genetic basis. Epilepsy which is considered as a neurodevelopmental disorder has reduced the life expectancy and associated with various stigmatized attitudes or beliefs. Epilepsy and seizures can develop in any person both in male and female at any age. Head trauma and brain strokes are the major causes of epilepsy in adults. Epilepsy accompanied by changes in behavior, personality, and cognition. Several aspects of epilepsy can affect the brain and behavior. Stigma is a reality for a lot of people with a mental disorder. It is a mark of disgrace which sets a person apart from others. Negative attitudes and beliefs create prejudice which leads to negative actions and discrimination. Stigma and social exclusions are stereotyped characteristics of epilepsy. Someone with a mental illness known to be a dangerous and senseless rather than saying in poor health conditions. There are no effective cures for an epileptic people. Besides, many epileptic therapies or cures are still available for the diagnosis and prevention of people with epilepsy. Epilepsy treatment entails how epilepsy is treated and which techniques and antiepileptic drugs are used.

Review of Self-regulation of the Brain and Behavior.

1985 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 999-999
Author(s):  
Gerald S. Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain

Individual Uniqueness in the Neonatal Functional Connectome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiushi Wang ◽  
Yuehua Xu ◽  
Tengda Zhao ◽  
Zhilei Xu ◽  
Yong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Functional Connectome ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Identification Analysis ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The functional connectome is highly distinctive in adults and adolescents, underlying individual differences in cognition and behavior. However, it remains unknown whether the individual uniqueness of the functional connectome is present in neonates, who are far from mature. Here, we utilized the multiband resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 40 healthy neonates from the Developing Human Connectome Project and a split-half analysis approach to characterize the uniqueness of the functional connectome in the neonatal brain. Through functional connectome-based individual identification analysis, we found that all the neonates were correctly identified, with the most discriminative regions predominantly confined to the higher-order cortices (e.g., prefrontal and parietal regions). The connectivities with the highest contributions to individual uniqueness were primarily located between different functional systems, and the short- (0–30 mm) and middle-range (30–60 mm) connectivities were more distinctive than the long-range (>60 mm) connectivities. Interestingly, we found that functional data with a scanning length longer than 3.5 min were able to capture the individual uniqueness in the functional connectome. Our results highlight that individual uniqueness is present in the functional connectome of neonates and provide insights into the brain mechanisms underlying individual differences in cognition and behavior later in life.

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