scholarly journals Genomic Prediction for Whole Weight, Body Shape, Meat Yield, and Color Traits in the Portuguese Oyster Crassostrea angulata

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang V. Vu ◽  
Wayne Knibb ◽  
Cedric Gondro ◽  
Sankar Subramanian ◽  
Ngoc T. H. Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Crassostrea Angulata ◽  
Color Traits ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Selection For

Genetic improvement for quality traits, especially color and meat yield, has been limited in aquaculture because the assessment of these traits requires that the animals be slaughtered first. Genotyping technologies do, however, provide an opportunity to improve the selection efficiency for these traits. The main purpose of this study is to assess the potential for using genomic information to improve meat yield (soft tissue weight and condition index), body shape (cup and fan ratios), color (shell and mantle), and whole weight traits at harvest in the Portuguese oyster, Crassostrea angulata. The study consisted of 647 oysters: 188 oysters from 57 full-sib families from the first generation and 459 oysters from 33 full-sib families from the second generation. The number per family ranged from two to eight oysters for the first and 12–15 oysters for the second generation. After quality control, a set of 13,048 markers were analyzed to estimate the genetic parameters (heritability and genetic correlation) and predictive accuracy of the genomic selection for these traits. The multi-locus mixed model analysis indicated high estimates of heritability for meat yield traits: 0.43 for soft tissue weight and 0.77 for condition index. The estimated genomic heritabilities were 0.45 for whole weight, 0.24 for cup ratio, and 0.33 for fan ratio and ranged from 0.14 to 0.54 for color traits. The genetic correlations among whole weight, meat yield, and body shape traits were favorably positive, suggesting that the selection for whole weight would have beneficial effects on meat yield and body shape traits. Of paramount importance is the fact that the genomic prediction showed moderate to high accuracy for the traits studied (0.38–0.92). Therefore, there are good prospects to improve whole weight, meat yield, body shape, and color traits using genomic information. A multi-trait selection program using the genomic information can boost the genetic gain and minimize inbreeding in the long-term for this population.

scholarly journals Prediction Accuracies of Genomic Selection for Nine Commercially Important Traits in the Portuguese Oyster (Crassostrea angulata) Using DArT-Seq Technology

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Sang V. Vu ◽  
Cedric Gondro ◽  
Ngoc T. H. Nguyen ◽  
Arthur R. Gilmour ◽  
Rick Tearle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Shell Length ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Shell Width ◽  
Crassostrea Angulata ◽  
Selection For

Genomic selection has been widely used in terrestrial animals but has had limited application in aquaculture due to relatively high genotyping costs. Genomic information has an important role in improving the prediction accuracy of breeding values, especially for traits that are difficult or expensive to measure. The purposes of this study were to (i) further evaluate the use of genomic information to improve prediction accuracies of breeding values from, (ii) compare different prediction methods (BayesA, BayesCπ and GBLUP) on prediction accuracies in our field data, and (iii) investigate the effects of different SNP marker densities on prediction accuracies of traits in the Portuguese oyster (Crassostrea angulata). The traits studied are all of economic importance and included morphometric traits (shell length, shell width, shell depth, shell weight), edibility traits (tenderness, taste, moisture content), and disease traits (Polydora sp. and Marteilioides chungmuensis). A total of 18,849 single nucleotide polymorphisms were obtained from genotyping by sequencing and used to estimate genetic parameters (heritability and genetic correlation) and the prediction accuracy of genomic selection for these traits. Multi-locus mixed model analysis indicated high estimates of heritability for edibility traits; 0.44 for moisture content, 0.59 for taste, and 0.72 for tenderness. The morphometric traits, shell length, shell width, shell depth and shell weight had estimated genomic heritabilities ranging from 0.28 to 0.55. The genomic heritabilities were relatively low for the disease related traits: Polydora sp. prevalence (0.11) and M. chungmuensis (0.10). Genomic correlations between whole weight and other morphometric traits were from moderate to high and positive (0.58–0.90). However, unfavourably positive genomic correlations were observed between whole weight and the disease traits (0.35–0.37). The genomic best linear unbiased prediction method (GBLUP) showed slightly higher accuracy for the traits studied (0.240–0.794) compared with both BayesA and BayesCπ methods but these differences were not significant. In addition, there is a large potential for using low-density SNP markers for genomic selection in this population at a number of 3000 SNPs. Therefore, there is the prospect to improve morphometric, edibility and disease related traits using genomic information in this species.

Effect of selection for muscle lipid content on body shape, fat deposition and dressing yields in rainbow trout

Aquaculture ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 272 ◽  
pp. S303 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Quillet ◽  
J. Bugeon ◽  
S. Le Guillou ◽  
A. Davenel ◽  
G. Collewet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Muscle Lipid ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals Influence of parentage upon growth in Ostrea edulis: evidence for inbreeding depression

2000 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAMAMA NACIRI-GRAVEN ◽  
SOPHIE LAUNEY ◽  
NICOLAS LEBAYON ◽  
ANDRE GERARD ◽  
JEAN-PIERRE BAUD
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Control Population ◽  
Ostrea Edulis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Bonamia Ostreae ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection For

Genetic variability for growth was analysed in three populations of Ostrea edulis, selected for resistance to the protozoan parasite Bonamia ostreae. This study was undertaken first to determine the potential for selection for growth in populations that have never been selected for this character, and second to estimate heterosis versus inbreeding depression. Growth was monitored in culture for 10 months. The selected populations (namely S85-G3, S89I-G2 and S89W-G2), their crossbred population and a control population were composed of full-sib families whose parents were already genotyped using five microsatellite markers. This genotyping allowed the estimation of genetic relatedness among pairs of parents. The parents' relatedness was then correlated with the growth performance of their offspring within each of the three populations, and inbreeding depression was estimated. The population effect for growth was highly significant, with the crossbred population having the highest growth rate, followed by S89I-G2 and S89W-G2, S85-G3 and the control population. The within-populations family effect was also highly significant, indicating, as well as the high value for heritability at the family level (between 0·57 and 0·92), that a potential for a further selection for growth still exists within the three populations. Estimates of inbreeding depression (relative to the mean, for complete inbreeding) were high (1 for S891-G2, 0·44 for S89W-G2 and between 0·02 and 0·43 for S85-G3), which correlates with the apparent heterosis for growth observed in the crossbred population. These results are discussed in the context of the future management of the selected populations.

scholarly journals Adaptations of energy metabolism in cetaceans have consequences for their response to foraging disruption

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davina Derous ◽  
Jagajjit Sahu ◽  
Alex Douglas ◽  
David Lusseau ◽  
Marius Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Signaling Function ◽  
Evolutionary Context ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Significant Positive Selection

AbstractCetaceans have varied their anatomical structure, physiology and metabolism to adapt to the challenges of aquatic life. Key to this change is the deposition of blubber. This adipose tissue plays a significant regulatory and signaling role in mammalian metabolism. As foraging disruption by human activities is emerging as a key conservation threat for cetaceans, we need to understand how selection for aquatic life might have altered key nutrient sensing pathways associated with adipose signaling. We compared selection pressure on those energy metabolism biological pathways by contrasting the rate of substitution observed in genes associated with them in cetacean and artiodactyl genomes. We then estimated the likely consequence of these selection pressures for pathway functions. Here we show that genes involved in the insulin, mTOR, SIRT and NF-κB pathways were under significant positive selection in cetaceans compared to their terrestrial sister taxon. Our results suggest these genes may have been positively selected to adapt to a glucose-poor diet and it is unlikely that fat depots signaling function in the same manner as in terrestrial mammals. Secondary adaptation to life in water significantly affected functions in nutrient sensing pathways in cetaceans. Insulin is not likely to play the same role in energy balance as it does in terrestrial mammals and adiposity is not likely to have the deleterious health consequences it has in terrestrial mammals. The physiological ecology of cetacean fat deposition, and therefore its value as a condition index, needs to be interpreted in this evolutionary context.

scholarly journals Mercury in Marine Mussels from the St. Lawrence Estuary and Gulf (Canada): A Mussel Watch Survey Revisited after 40 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7556
Author(s):  
Daniel Cossa ◽  
Anne-Marie Tabard
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Shell Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Marine Mussels ◽  
Biotic Effects ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary

Various species of marine mussels have been used, in the last 50 years, as sentinel organisms for monitoring metal contamination along marine coasts. There are two main reasons for this: these mollusks concentrate metals in their soft tissue and they are geographically widespread. In practice, trace metal concentrations in mussel soft tissue reveal (after some correction for biotic effects) the contamination level of their surrounding environment. We present the results of a mercury (Hg) survey in Mytilus spp. collected in the summers of 2016, 2018, and 2019 at 51 stations distributed along the coasts of the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence. Mercury concentrations ranged from 0.063 to 0.507 µg g−1 (dry weight, dw), with a grand mean of 0.173 ± 0.076 µg g−1 dw (±1 standard deviation), and a median of 0.156 µg g−1 dw for the 504 individuals analyzed. Mercury contents per individual mussel were significantly (p < 0.01) related to shell length and dry tissue weight, with the smaller individuals having the highest Hg concentrations. To take into account these biotic effects, we normalized Hg concentrations of the mussel soft tissue for constant shell length (L) and soft tissue weight (TW) based on the log-log relationships between Hg content and L or TW. The normalized Hg contents of mussels varied from 10.9 to 66.6 ng per virtual individual of 35 mm length and 0.17 g dry weight. A similar normalization procedure applied to 1977–1979 data, yielded a very similar range: 12 to 64 ng. This observation suggests that the Hg bioavailable to marine mussels in the study area did not change over a span of 40 years. Regional Hg distribution patterns indicate a gradual decrease of Hg content in mussels downstream from freshwater discharges to the St. Lawrence Estuary and the Baie des Chaleurs, suggesting that rivers constitute a significant Hg source in these estuarine systems. Atmospheric Hg deposition and concentration in marine waters of the Atlantic Ocean are known to have decreased in the last decades. However, in coastal environments, the response to these changes does not seem to be rapid, probably because of the long residence time of Hg in soils before being exported to coastal areas.

Age–age correlations and early selection for growth traits in 40 half-sib families of Larix principis-rupprechtii

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 2111-2117
Author(s):  
Mingliang Dong ◽  
Yingming Fan ◽  
Zhihui Wu ◽  
Futang Lv ◽  
Jinfeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Early Selection ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Selection For

Periorbital rejuvenation and tear trough filler

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Natalie Haswell
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Patient Selection ◽  
Tear Trough ◽  
The Face ◽  
Selection For

In this article, the author will explore the fundamental principles in delivering safe and effective tear trough treatment with a soft-tissue, hyaluronic acid filler. The article will explain what the tear trough is and why this area of the face becomes more apparent with ageing, as well as the reasons behind patients seeking tear trough filler and how they can present in aesthetic clinics. Furthermore, information will be detailed on enuring correct patient selection for tear trough treatments, contraindications for tear trough filler and possible side effects and which filler types and treatment tools are recommended.

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