scholarly journals Adipocytes Are the Control Tower That Manages Adipose Tissue Immunity by Regulating Lipid Metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeu Park ◽  
Jee Hyung Sohn ◽  
Sang Mun Han ◽  
Yoon Jeong Park ◽  
Jin Young Huh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Adipose Stem Cells ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Multiple Impacts ◽  
Lipid Antigens ◽  
Lipid Metabolites ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Accumulating evidence reveals that adipose tissue is an immunologically active organ that exerts multiple impacts on the regulation of systemic energy metabolism. Adipose tissue immunity is modulated by the interactions between adipocytes and various immune cells. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms that control inter-cellular interactions between adipocytes and immune cells in adipose tissue have not been thoroughly elucidated. Recently, it has been demonstrated that adipocytes utilize lipid metabolites as a key mediator to initiate and mediate diverse adipose tissue immune responses. Adipocytes present lipid antigens and secrete lipid metabolites to determine adipose immune tones. In addition, the interactions between adipocytes and adipose immune cells are engaged in the control of adipocyte fate and functions upon metabolic stimuli. In this review, we discuss an integrated view of how adipocytes communicate with adipose immune cells using lipid metabolites. Also, we briefly discuss the newly discovered roles of adipose stem cells in the regulation of adipose tissue immunity.

scholarly journals Construction of 3D Cellular Composites with Stem Cells Derived from Adipose Tissue and Endothelial Cells by Use of Optical Tweezers in a Natural Polymer Solution

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehiro Yamazaki ◽  
Toshifumi Kishimoto ◽  
Paweł Leszczyński ◽  
Koichiro Sadakane ◽  
Takahiro Kenmotsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Optical Tweezers ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Wide Range

To better understand the regulation and function of cellular interactions, three-dimensional (3D) assemblies of single cells and subsequent functional analysis are gaining popularity in many research fields. While we have developed strategies to build stable cellular structures using optical tweezers in a minimally invasive state, methods for manipulating a wide range of cell types have yet to be established. To mimic organ-like structures, the construction of 3D cellular assemblies with variety of cell types is essential. Our recent studies have shown that the presence of nonspecific soluble polymers in aqueous solution is the key to creating stable 3D cellular assemblies efficiently. The present study further expands on the construction of 3D single cell assemblies using two different cell types. We have successfully generated 3D cellular assemblies, using GFP-labeled adipose tissue-derived stem cells and endothelial cells by using optical tweezers. Our findings will support the development of future applications to further characterize cellular interactions in tissue regeneration.

Adipose Stem Cells from Lipedema and Control Adipose Tissue Respond Differently to Adipogenic Stimulation In Vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Theresa Bauer ◽  
Dominik von Lukowicz ◽  
Katrin Lossagk ◽  
Ursula Hopfner ◽  
Manuela Kirsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adipose Stem Cells ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals CXCL16/CXCR6 Axis in Adipocytes Differentiated from Human Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulates Macrophage Polarization

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3410
Author(s):  
Seung-Cheol Lee ◽  
Yoo-Jung Lee ◽  
Inho Choi ◽  
Min Kim ◽  
Jung-Suk Sung
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
M2 Macrophage ◽  
M2 Polarization ◽  
Chemokine Ligand ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Adipocytes interact with adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) that exist as a form of M2 macrophage in healthy adipose tissue and are polarized into M1 macrophages upon cellular stress. ATMs regulate adipose tissue inflammation by secreting cytokines, adipokines, and chemokines. CXC-motif receptor 6 (CXCR6) is the chemokine receptor and interactions with its specific ligand CXC-motif chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) modulate the migratory capacities of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs). CXCR6 is highly expressed on differentiated adipocytes that are non-migratory cells. To evaluate the underlying mechanisms of CXCR6 in adipocytes, THP-1 human monocytes that can be polarized into M1 or M2 macrophages were co-cultured with adipocytes. As results, expression levels of the M1 polarization-inducing factor were decreased, while those of the M2 polarization-inducing factor were significantly increased in differentiated adipocytes in a co-cultured environment with additional CXCL16 treatment. After CXCL16 treatment, the anti-inflammatory factors, including p38 MAPK ad ERK1/2, were upregulated, while the pro-inflammatory pathway mediated by Akt and NF-κB was downregulated in adipocytes in a co-cultured environment. These results revealed that the CXCL16/CXCR6 axis in adipocytes regulates M1 or M2 polarization and displays an immunosuppressive effect by modulating pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory pathways. Our results may provide an insight into a potential target as a regulator of the immune response via the CXCL16/CXCR6 axis in adipocytes.

scholarly journals Chondrocytes Cocultured with Stromal Vascular Fraction of Adipose Tissue Present More Intense Chondrogenic Characteristics Than with Adipose Stem Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 336-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Wu ◽  
Henk-Jan Prins ◽  
Jeroen Leijten ◽  
Marco N. Helder ◽  
Denis Evseenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽  
Adipose Stem Cells

scholarly journals Novel Pathway of Adipogenesis through Cross-Talk between Adipose Tissue Macrophages, Adipose Stem Cells and Adipocytes: Evidence of Cell Plasticity

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e17834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregorio Chazenbalk ◽  
Cristina Bertolotto ◽  
Saleh Heneidi ◽  
Medet Jumabay ◽  
Bradley Trivax ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Adipose Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Plasticity ◽  
Adipose Tissue Macrophages

scholarly journals Innate Immune Cells in the Adipose Tissue in Health and Metabolic Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Zoi Michailidou ◽  
Mario Gomez-Salazar ◽  
Vasileia Ismini Alexaki
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Innate Immune Cells ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Adipose Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Tissue Inflammation

Metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, are characterized by chronic low-grade tissue and systemic inflammation. During obesity, the adipose tissue undergoes immunometabolic and functional transformation. Adipose tissue inflammation is driven by innate and adaptive immune cells and instigates insulin resistance. Here, we discuss the role of innate immune cells, that is, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, natural killer cells, innate lymphoid type 2 cells, dendritic cells, and mast cells, in the adipose tissue in the healthy (lean) and diseased (obese) state and describe how their function is shaped by the obesogenic microenvironment, and humoral, paracrine, and cellular interactions. Moreover, we particularly outline the role of hypoxia as a central regulator in adipose tissue inflammation. Finally, we discuss the long-lasting effects of adipose tissue inflammation and its potential reversibility through drugs, caloric restriction, or exercise training.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Immune Cells and Tumor Cells Crosstalk: A Sinister Triangle in the Tumor Microenvironment

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahboobeh Razmkhah ◽  
Shabnam Abtahi ◽  
Abbas Ghaderi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Adaptive Immune Cells

Mesenchymal Stem Cells [MSCs] are a heterogeneous population of fibroblast-like cells which maintain self-renewability and pluripotency. Many studies have demonstrated the immunomodulatory effects of MSCs on the innate and adaptive immune cells. As a result of interactions with tumor cells, microenvironment and immune-stimulating milieu, MSCs contribute to tumor progression by several mechanisms, including sustained proliferative signal in cancer stem cells [CSCs], inhibition of tumor cell apoptosis, transition to tumor-associated fibroblasts [TAFs], promotion of angiogenesis, stimulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition [EMT], suppression of immune responses, and consequential promotion of tumor metastasis. Here, we present an overview of the latest findings on Janusfaced roles that MSCs play in the tumor microenvironment [TME], with a concise focus on innate and adaptive immune responses.

scholarly journals The Immunomodulatory Functions of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells Mediated via Paracrine Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueyuan Zhou ◽  
Yusuke Yamamoto ◽  
Zhongdang Xiao ◽  
Takahiro Ochiya
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Paracrine Signaling ◽  
Immune Microenvironment ◽  
Paracrine Factors ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Stromal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) exist in almost all tissues, possessing the potential to differentiate into specialized cell types and exert immunomodulatory functions. Thus, they have attracted much attention as a promising therapeutic candidate. Recent studies have demonstrated that paracrine signaling is mainly responsible for the involvement of MSCs in the modulation of immune responses and the progression of diseases. Through release of secretome consisting of a diverse range of cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular vesicles (EVs), MSCs convey regulatory messages to recipient immune cells in the microenvironment. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in how MSCs contribute to immunomodulation through the secretion of paracrine factors. The further improved understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the interactions between MSCs and immune cells highlights the paracrine biology of MSCs in the modulation of the immune microenvironment and promotes the clinical application of MSCs in regenerative medicine and immune diseases.

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