scholarly journals Upregulated IL-6 Indicates a Poor COVID-19 Prognosis: A Call for Tocilizumab and Convalescent Plasma Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wu ◽  
Jiawei Shen ◽  
Ying Han ◽  
Qinghua Qiao ◽  
Wei Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Underlying Diseases

A comprehensive understanding of the dynamic changes in interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels is essential for monitoring and treating patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2). By analyzing the correlations between IL-6 levels and health conditions, underlying diseases, several key laboratory detection indices, and the prognosis of 1,473 patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the role of IL-6 during SARS-CoV-2 infection was demonstrated. Our results indicated that IL-6 levels were closely related to age, sex, body temperature, oxygen saturation (SpO2) of blood, and underlying diseases. As a stable indicator, the changes in IL-6 levels could indicate the inflammatory conditions during a viral infection. Two specific treatments, namely, tocilizumab and convalescent plasma therapy (CPT), decreased the level of IL-6 and relieved inflammation. CPT has an important role in the therapy for patients with critical COVID-19. We also found that patients with IL-6 levels, which were 30-fold higher than the normal level, had a poor prognosis compared to patients with lower levels of IL-6.

Plasma therapy a possible hope to fight against COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravikant Piyush ◽  
Aroni Chatterjee ◽  
Shashikant Ray
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Wild Fire ◽  
The World ◽  
Short Span ◽  
Game Changer

The world is currently going through a disastrous event and a catastrophic upheaval caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pandemic has resulted in loss of more than 150000 deaths across the globe. Originating from China and spreading across all continents within a short span of time, it has become a matter of international emergency. Different agencies are adopting diverse approaches to stop and spread of this viral disease but still now nothing confirmatory has come up. Due to lack of vaccines and proper therapeutic drugs, the disease is still spreading like wild fire without control. An Old but very promising method- the convalescent plasma therapy could be the key therapy to stop this pandemic. This method has already proven its mettle on several occasions previously and has been found to be effective in curing the pandemics induced by Ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) belongs to the same group of β-Coronavirus that has resulted in the above diseases. Therefore, the role of plasma therapy is being explored for treatment of this disease. In this review, we have mainly focused on the role of convalescent plasma therapy and why its use should be promoted in fight against COVID-19, as it could turn out to be a game changer.

scholarly journals Effect of Convalescent Plasma Therapy on Viral Shedding and Survival in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Lei Zeng ◽  
Zu-Jiang Yu ◽  
Jian-Jun Gou ◽  
Guang-Ming Li ◽  
Shu-Huan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Almost All ◽  
End Stage

Abstract Currently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been reported in almost all countries globally. No effective therapy has been documented for COVID-19, and the role of convalescent plasma therapy is unknown. In the current study, 6 patients with COVID-19 and respiratory failure received convalescent plasma a median of 21.5 days after viral shedding was first detected, all tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA within 3 days after infusion, and 5 eventually died. In conclusion, convalescent plasma treatment can end SARS-CoV-2 shedding but cannot reduce the mortality rate in critically ill patients with end-stage COVID-19, and treatment should be initiated earlier.

scholarly journals Convalescent plasma therapy: a promising coronavirus disease 2019 treatment strategy

Open Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 200174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravikant Piyush ◽  
Keshav Rajarshi ◽  
Rajni Khan ◽  
Shashikant Ray
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health ◽  
H1n1 Pandemic ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Day By Day

The world is passing through a very difficult phase due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has disrupted almost all spheres of life. Globally, according to the latest World Health Organization report (10 August 2020), COVID-19 has affected nearly 20 million lives, causing 728 013 deaths. Due to the lack of specific therapeutic drugs and vaccines, the outbreak of disease has spawned a corpus of contagious infection all over the world, day by day, without control. As the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a very rapid infection rate, it is essential to develop a novel ameliorative and curative strategy as quickly as possible. Convalescent plasma (CP) therapy is a type of adaptive immunity that has already been found to be effective in confronting several infectious diseases from the last two decades. For example, CP therapy was used in the treatment of viral-induced diseases like SARS-CoV epidemics, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) pandemics, Ebola epidemics and H1N1 pandemic. In this review, we have mainly focused on the therapeutic role of CP therapy and its neutralizing effect to fight against the COVID-19 outbreak.

Can trust become a factor of economic growth? Dynamic changes in the level of trust of Russian youth

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Bakhtigaraeva ◽  
A. A. Stavinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Generalized Trust ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Future ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics

The article considers the role of trust in the economy, the mechanisms of its accumulation and the possibility of using it as one of the growth factors in the future. The advantages and disadvantages of measuring the level of generalized trust using two alternative questions — about trusting people in general and trusting strangers — are analyzed. The results of the analysis of dynamics of the level of generalized trust among Russian youth, obtained within the study of the Institute for National Projects in 10 regions of Russia, are presented. It is shown that there are no significant changes in trust in people in general during the study at university. At the same time, the level of trust in strangers falls, which can negatively affect the level of trust in the country as a whole, and as a result have negative effects on the development of the economy in the future. Possible causes of the observed trends and the role of universities are discussed. Also the question about the connection between the level of education and generalized trust in countries with different quality of the institutional environment is raised.

PET/CT IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PANCREATIC CANCER: LITERATURE REVIEW

2018 ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
P. E. Tulin ◽  
M. B. Dolgushin ◽  
D. I. Nevzorov ◽  
P. V. Kochergin ◽  
Yu. I. Patyutko
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Pancreatic Neoplasms ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Modern Imaging ◽  
Pet Ct

Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis, often because most pancreatic neoplasms are found to be unresectable at diagnosis. Early staging of the tumor process can change the tactics of treatment and affect the survival of patients. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of pancreatic cancer and the role of modern imaging in its diagnosis with an emphasis on PET/CT with a various radiopharmaceuticals.

Role of convalescent plasma therapy in new Coronavirus disease (nCOVID-19): A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 546-549
Author(s):  
Shweta Dadarao Parwe ◽  
Milind Abhimanyu Nisargandha ◽  
Rishikesh Thakre
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Antibodies ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Transparent Liquid

Hitherto, there is no proper line of treatment for the new (nCOVID19). The development of unique antiviral drugs has taken precedence. Therapeutic antibodies () will be a significantly beneficial agent against nCOVID-19. Here the host immune responses to new discussed in this review provide strategy and further treatment and understanding of clinical interventions against nCOVID-19. Plasma therapy uses the antibodies found in the blood of people recovering (or convalesced) from an infection to treat infected patients. When an infection occurs, the body begins producing proteins specially made to kill the germ, called antibodies. Those antibodies coat specifically plasma in the blood of survivors, the yellow transparent liquid blood portion for months or even years. research assesses plasma use from Convalescent patients of infected with nCOVID-19 as a possible preventive treatment. But it is not yet recommended as a line of treatment, and it is used as a clinical trial in the new in Indian population.

Hyperferritinaemia: An Iron Sword of Autoimmunity

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (27) ◽  
pp. 2909-2918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Giemza-Stokłosa ◽  
Md. Asiful Islam ◽  
Przemysław J. Kotyla
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Macrophage Activation ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Acute Phase Reactant ◽  
Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Phase Reactant ◽  
Signalling Molecule ◽  
Cytokine Synthesis

Background:: Ferritin is a molecule that plays many roles being the storage for iron, signalling molecule, and modulator of the immune response. Methods:: Different electronic databases were searched in a non-systematic way to find out the literature of interest. Results:: The level of ferritin rises in many inflammatory conditions including autoimmune disorders. However, in four inflammatory diseases (i.e., adult-onset Still’s diseases, macrophage activation syndrome, catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome, and sepsis), high levels of ferritin are observed suggesting it as a remarkable biomarker and pathological involvement in these diseases. Acting as an acute phase reactant, ferritin is also involved in the cytokine-associated modulator of the immune response as well as a regulator of cytokine synthesis and release which are responsible for the inflammatory storm. Conclusion:: This review article presents updated information on the role of ferritin in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases with an emphasis on hyperferritinaemic syndrome.

Covid-19 In Man: A Very Dangerous Affair.

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Lisco ◽  
Vito A. Giagulli ◽  
Giovanni De Pergola ◽  
Anna De Tullio ◽  
Edoardo Guastamacchia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Immune System Dysfunction ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Systemic Spread ◽  
The Impact

Background: The novel pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has becoming a public health issue since March 2020 considering that more than 30 million people were found to be infected worldwide. Particularly, recent evidences suggested that men may be considered as at higher risk of poor prognosis or death once the infection occurred and concerns surfaced in regard of the risk of a possible testicular injury due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results: Several data support the existence of a bivalent role of testosterone (T) in driving poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19. On one hand, this is attributable to the fact that T may facilitate SARS-CoV-2 entry in human cells by means of an enhanced expression of transmembrane serine-protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). At the same time, younger man with normal testicular function compared to women of similar age are prone to develop a blunted immune response against SARS-CoV-2, being exposed to less viral clearance and more viral shedding and systemic spread of the disease. Conversely, low levels of serum T observed in hypogonadal men predispose them to a greater background systemic inflammation, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and immune system dysfunction, hence driving harmful consequences once SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred. Finally, SARS-CoV-2, as a systemic disease, may also affect testicles with possible concerns for current and future testicular efficiency. Preliminary data suggested that SARS-CoV-2 genome is not normally found in gonads and gametes, therefore sex transmission could be excluded as a possible way to spread the COVID-19. Conclusion: Most data support a role of T as a bivalent risk factor for poor prognosis (high/normal in younger; lower in elderly) in COVID-19. However, the impact of medical treatment aimed to modify T homeostasis for improving the prognosis of affected patients is unknown in this clinical setting. In addition, testicular damage may be a harmful consequence of the infection even in case it occurred asymptomatically but no long-term evidences are currently available to confirm and quantify this phenomenon. Different authors excluded the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in sperm and oocytes, thus limiting worries about both a potential sexual and gamete-to-embryos transmission of COVID-19. Despite these evidence, long-term and well-designed studies are needed to clarify these issues.

scholarly journals The 2020 Portrait of American Caregivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 681-681
Author(s):  
Regina Shih
Keyword(s):  
Family Member ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Care Recipient ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Complex Care ◽  
The Past ◽  
Care Recipients ◽  
The Us ◽  
National Alliance

Abstract The prevalence of caregiving for an adult or child with special needs has increased significantly in the past five years (from 18.2% to over 21.3%), driven by an increase in the prevalence of caring for a family member or friend aged 50 and older. At the same time, care recipients have greater health and functional needs that necessitate care from others in comparison to 2015. These new 2020 data from the Caregiving in the US Survey by the National Alliance for Caregiving suggests that not only are more American adults taking on the role of caregiver, but they are doing so for increasingly complex care situations. This paper addresses the prevalence of caregiving including the demographics of family caregivers, relationship between the caregiver and the care recipient, health conditions of the care recipient, and living situations of care recipients and their caregivers.

Deregulation of cell cycle and related microRNA expression induced by vinyl chloride monomer in hepatocytes of rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 074823372110155
Author(s):  
Weizhe Pan ◽  
Shengnan Yu ◽  
Jin Jia ◽  
Junyang Hu ◽  
Liang Jie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cell Cycle Distribution ◽  
Vinyl Chloride Monomer ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Cell Cycle Deregulation ◽  
Change Dynamic ◽  
Related Proteins

Vinyl chloride (VC) is a confirmed human carcinogen associated with hepatocellular carcinoma and angiosarcoma. However, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in liver cell cycle changes under VC exposure remains unclear, which prevents research on the mechanism of VC-induced carcinogenesis. In this study, male rats were injected intraperitoneally with VC (0, 5, 25, and 125 mg/kg body weight) for 6, 8, and 12 weeks. Cell cycle analysis of liver cells, miRNA-222, miRNA-199a, miRNA-195, and miRNA-125b expression in the liver and serum, and target protein expression were performed at different time points. The results showed a higher percentage of hepatocytes in the G1/G0 and S phases at the end of 6 and 12 weeks of VC exposure, respectively. MiRNA-222 expression decreased initially and then increased, whereas miRNA-199a, miRNA-195, and miRNA-125b expression increased initially and then decreased, which corresponded with changes in cell cycle distribution and related target proteins expression (p27, cyclinA, cyclinD1, and CDK6). The corresponding expression levels of miRNAs in serum did not change. Dynamic changes in miR-222, miR-199a, miR-195, and miR-125b induced by VC can lead to cell cycle deregulation by affecting cell cycle-related proteins, and these miRNAs can serve as early biomarkers for malignant transformation caused by VC.

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