scholarly journals A Non-destructive Method to Create a Time Series of Surface Area for Coral Using 3D Photogrammetry

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel D. Conley ◽  
Erin N. R. Hollander
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Stylophora Pistillata ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Buoyant Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Photogrammetric Method ◽  
3D Photogrammetry ◽  
Non Destructive

The wax dip method typically used to determine the surface area of corals for data normalization is destructive, rendering the collection of time series for such data impossible. With recent advancements in photogrammetric technology, it is now possible to collect these data in a non-destructive manner at very high levels of accuracy. This photogrammetric method using Agisoft’s Metashape is compared to the standard wax-dip method using both objects of known surface area and objects of unknown surface area. Objects of known surface area (i.e., objects that have surface areas that can be calculated using geometrical formulas) were estimated with a similar degree of accuracy with the Photogrammetry (PG) method (R2 = 0.9922, slope = 0.9835) as with the wax-dip method (R2 = 0.9872, slope = 1). A single factor ANOVA confirmed that there was no significant difference between measurements from the three methods of geometrical calculation, wax dipping, or photogrammetry for objects of known surface area. This paper describes the methods for rapidly collecting surface area data of small to moderately sized coral nubbins in a laboratory setting and characterizes the relationship between buoyant weight and surface area over time for the coral species Stylophora pistillata. Finally, two predictive models are proposed to estimate surface area from weight in air measurements.

scholarly journals Surface area analysis in edentulous jaws of patients with skeletal class I

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srdjan Postic
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Class I ◽  
Anthropometric Parameter ◽  
Average Surface ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Average Surface Area ◽  
The Right ◽  
Edentulous Jaws

Introduction. The surface area of edentulous jaw has been considered as an important functional and anthropometric parameter. The aim of this study was to assess the surface area of supporting tissue in edentulous jaws of patients with the skeletal class I. Material and Methods. Thin aluminum foils (0.5 mm of thickness) were adapted on plaster surfaces of 139 pairs of edentulous jaws casts. Foils were positioned on a millimeter-paper in order to measure their areas. Additionally, surface areas were measured using a mechanic plan-meter (G. Coradi, Zurich, Switzerland, serial no. 49823). The measurement error was 1%. Skeletal class of edentulous jaws was determined by analysis of lateral cephalometric radiographs, and assessing the ANB (SNA, SNB) angle. Results. The average surface area of edentulous upper jaws was 4654?407 mm2 in males, and 4212?368 mm2 in females. Edentulous lower jaws had average surface area of 2843?339 mm2 in males, and 2334?295 mm2 in females. Statistically significant difference (p<0.001) was found in comparison of surface areas and dimensions of upper and lower edentulous jaws in male and female. ANB values ranged from 2 to 4 degrees. Conclusion. The surface area is an important parameter in the analysis of edentulous jaws. Edentulous jaws in males had greater surface areas and dimensions as compared to females. Edentulous areas on the right side were not absolutely symmetric to areas on the left side.

scholarly journals Volume Variations of Small Inland Water Bodies from a Combination of Satellite Altimetry and Optical Imagery

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Schwatke ◽  
Denise Dettmering ◽  
Florian Seitz
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Satellite Altimetry ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Lakes And Reservoirs ◽  
Optical Imagery

In this study, a new approach for estimating volume variations of lakes and reservoirs using water levels from satellite altimetry and surface areas from optical imagery is presented. Both input data sets, namely water level time series and surface area time series, are provided by the Database of Hydrological Time Series of Inland Waters (DAHITI), developed and maintained by the Deutsches Geodätisches Forschungsinsitut der Technischen Universität München (DGFI-TUM). The approach is divided into three parts. In the first part, a hypsometry model based on the new modified Strahler approach is computed by combining water levels and surface areas. The hypsometry model describes the dependency between water levels and surface areas of lakes and reservoirs. In the second part, a bathymetry between minimum and maximum surface area is computed. For this purpose, DAHITI land-water masks are stacked using water levels derived from the hypsometry model. Finally, water levels and surface areas are intersected with the bathymetry to estimate a time series of volume variations in relation to the minimum observed surface area. The results are validated with volume time series derived from in-situ water levels in combination with bathymetric surveys. In this study, 28 lakes and reservoirs located in Texas are investigated. The absolute volumes of the investigated lakes and reservoirs vary between 0.062 km 3 and 6.041 km 3 . The correlation coefficients of the resulting volume variation time series with validation data vary between 0.80 and 0.99. Overall, the relative errors with respect to volume variations vary between 2.8% and 14.9% with an average of 8.3% for all 28 investigated lakes and reservoirs. When comparing the resulting RMSE with absolute volumes, the absolute errors vary between 1.5% and 6.4% with an average of 3.1%. This study shows that volume variations can be calculated with a high accuracy which depends essentially on the quality of the used water levels and surface areas. In addition, this study provides a hypsometry model, high-resolution bathymetry and water level time series derived from surface areas based on the hypsometry model. All data sets are publicly available on the Database of Hydrological Time Series of Inland Waters.

Palatal and Alveolar Tissue Deficiency in Infants With Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katy A. Bednar ◽  
David S. Briss ◽  
Mohamed S. Bamashmous ◽  
Barry H. Grayson ◽  
Pradip R. Shetye
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Alveolar Ridge ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Alveolar Tissue

Objective: To investigate intrinsic palatal and alveolar tissue deficiency in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) as compared to age-matched individuals without UCLP using surface area measurements on 3D scans of plaster casts. Methods: 22 maxillary casts of infants with UCLP from the Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery of NYU Langone Medical Center and 37 maxillary casts from infants without clefts from Sillman’s longitudinal study were scanned by Ortho Insight 3D by Motion View Software, LLC (Chattanooga, TN) and measured using Checkpoint software (Stratovan, Davis, CA). The palatal and alveolar surface areas of each cast were measured. The most superior point of the alveolar ridge in front of the incisive papilla and the most superior point of each maxillary tuberosity were connected by a line that ran along the highest part of the alveolar ridge. This line was used to set boundaries for the palatal surface area measurements. The surface areas of greater and lesser segments were measured independently on UCLP casts. A total palatal surface area for the UCLP sample including width of the cleft gap was also measured. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in surface area ( P > .001) when we compared the UCLP area of the cleft segments alone with the non-cleft sample. There was a positive correlation (determine the statistical significance) between the surface area of the cleft segments and cleft gap. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference between UCLP plus cleft area and the non-cleft samples in surface area ( P < .0001). Conclusion: An intrinsic palatal and alveolar tissue deficiency exists in patients born with UCLP. The amount of tissue deficiency for a patient with UCLP should be considered when developing and executing a patient-specific treatment plan.

Cell morphology, volume, and surface area determinations from multilevel contouring within HVEM micrographs of serial sections and whole-cell mounts

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 588-589
Author(s):  
M. Marko ◽  
A. Leith ◽  
D. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Serial Section ◽  
Stereo Pair ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Computer Based

The use of serial sections and computer-based 3-D reconstruction techniques affords an opportunity not only to visualize the shape and distribution of the structures being studied, but also to determine their volumes and surface areas. Up until now, this has been done using serial ultrathin sections.The serial-section approach differs from the stereo logical methods of Weibel in that it is based on the Information from a set of single, complete cells (or organelles) rather than on a random 2-dimensional sampling of a population of cells. Because of this, it can more easily provide absolute values of volume and surface area, especially for highly-complex structures. It also allows study of individual variation among the cells, and study of structures which occur only infrequently.We have developed a system for 3-D reconstruction of objects from stereo-pair electron micrographs of thick specimens.

scholarly journals Tuning the hierarchical pore structure of graphene oxide through dual thermal activation for high-performance supercapacitor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeongpil Kim ◽  
Jeong-Hyun Eum ◽  
Junhyeok Kang ◽  
Ohchan Kwon ◽  
Hansung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Thermal Annealing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Annealing Process ◽  
Supercapacitor Electrode ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Surface Areas

AbstractHerein, we introduce a simple method to prepare hierarchical graphene with a tunable pore structure by activating graphene oxide (GO) with a two-step thermal annealing process. First, GO was treated at 600 °C by rapid thermal annealing in air, followed by subsequent thermal annealing in N2. The prepared graphene powder comprised abundant slit nanopores and micropores, showing a large specific surface area of 653.2 m2/g with a microporous surface area of 367.2 m2/g under optimized conditions. The pore structure was easily tunable by controlling the oxidation degree of GO and by the second annealing process. When the graphene powder was used as the supercapacitor electrode, a specific capacitance of 372.1 F/g was achieved at 0.5 A/g in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte, which is a significantly enhanced value compared to that obtained using activated carbon and commercial reduced GO. The performance of the supercapacitor was highly stable, showing 103.8% retention of specific capacitance after 10,000 cycles at 10 A/g. The influence of pore structure on the supercapacitor performance was systematically investigated by varying the ratio of micro- and external surface areas of graphene.

Fast Non-Destructive Detection of Wool Content in Blended Fabrics Based on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Technology

2015 ◽  
Vol 671 ◽  
pp. 356-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Feng Chen ◽  
Yuan Quan Hong ◽  
Chang Jiang Wan ◽  
Lian Ying Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Fast Detection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Validation Set ◽  
Non Destructive

A fast non-destructive method of detection of wool content in blended fabrics was studied based on Near Infrared spectroscopy technology in order to avoid the time-consuming, tedious work and the destruction of samples in the traditional inspection. 621 wool/nylon, wool/polyester and wool/nylon/polyester blended fabrics were taken as research objects. To get the wool content, we established the wool near-infrared quantitative model by partial least squares (PLS) method after analyzing the color and composition of the samples. For verifying the validity and practicability of the model, 100 samples were chosen as an independent validation set. The variance analysis shows that there is no significant difference between Near Infrared fast detection method and national standard method (GB/T2910-2009),which indicates that this method is expected to be a means of fast non-destructive detection and will have extensive application future in the field of wool content detection.

NONLINEAR TIME SERIES ANALYSIS OF ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM TRACINGS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 1250044
Author(s):  
LANCE ONG-SIONG CO TING KEH ◽  
ANA MARIA AQUINO CHUPUNGCO ◽  
JOSE PERICO ESGUERRA
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Prediction Error ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Nonlinear Time Series ◽  
Nonlinear Time Series Analysis ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Severe Autism

Three methods of nonlinear time series analysis, Lempel–Ziv complexity, prediction error and covariance complexity were employed to distinguish between the electroencephalograms (EEGs) of normal children, children with mild autism, and children with severe autism. Five EEG tracings per cluster of children aged three to seven medically diagnosed with mild, severe and no autism were used in the analysis. A general trend seen was that the EEGs of children with mild autism were significantly different from those with severe or no autism. No significant difference was observed between normal children and children with severe autism. Among the three methods used, the method that was best able to distinguish between EEG tracings of children with mild and severe autism was found to be the prediction error, with a t-Test confidence level of above 98%.

589 Methadone in Procedural Care for Burn Injuries of 20–30% Total Burn Surface Area: A Retrospective Chart Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S146-S146
Author(s):  
Loryn Taylor ◽  
Kimberly Maynell ◽  
Thanh Tran ◽  
David J Smith
Keyword(s):  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Opioid Consumption ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Methadone Group ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction Prolonged opioid usage remains a concern in pain management in procedural care. Recent evidence also suggests that a considerable number of patients who were prescribed opioids struggle with transitioning to non-opioid pain medications. As a continuous effort to reduce opioid consumption following burn surgical procedures, our institution recently evaluated methadone administration for burn procedural care in patients with 20–30% total burn surface area (TBSA) requiring excision and grafting. Methods After IRB approval, we performed a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent excision and grafting procedure for 20–30% TBSA burn injuries between January 1, 2019 and June 30, 2020. The following data was evaluated: postoperative opioid consumption, postoperative pain intensity (rated as “No Pain” [NRS=0], “Minor Pain” [NRS 1 to 3], “Moderate Pain” [NRS 4 to 6], “Severe Pain” [NRS 7 to 10]), time to physical therapy and time to hospital discharge. Data was analyzed using chi square/Fisher exact test for categorical variables and t-test/Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables. Results Our preliminary data included 12 patients who met inclusion criteria, of which two patients received methadone administration. Our patient sample consisted of average age of 43 years, 75% male, and 24% TBSA (92% were flame burns). Patients in both methadone and non-methadone groups had no significant differences in medical histories and TBSA (23% TBSA in methadone, 25% TBSA in non-methadone). There was no significant difference in reported preoperative pain intensity between the two groups, rating moderate to severe. Postoperative pain intensity remained the same, rating moderate to severe and controlled with fentanyl, oxycodone, morphine and non-opioid analgesics. While there was no difference in postoperative fentanyl, opioid and non-opioid analgesic consumptions between the two groups, morphine consumption was significantly lower in the methadone group compared to non-methadone group (2±2 mg vs 51±54 mg, respectively, p=0.02). There was no significant difference between average time from surgery to first physical therapy session and time to hospital discharge (about 21 days after surgery) between the two groups. Conclusions This evaluation shows a potential trend in reduction of inpatient postoperative opioid consumption with the conjunctive administration of methadone, although a bigger sample size is needed for further assessment.

The new face of large dams in the 21st century

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atal Ahmadzai
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Large Dams ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Ecological Disturbances

Alerted by increasing water insecurity and energy demand, countries, mainly in the Global South, are building dams of unprecedented magnitude. Hundreds of large dams (≥ 100 metres) have been constructed since 2000, with hundreds more under construction. Analyses of the physical attributes of these dams present a concerning image. While they create expansive reservoirs with large surface areas, they have inefficient surface area-to-volume ratios ('S2VR'). Their unprecedented size and the reservoirs’ expansive surface area, indicate severe environmental costs, mainly through ecological disturbances to the (riverine) aquatic ecosystems; and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Other ecological costs due to the larger S2VR include a high evaporation rate and compromised biodiversity of a wider area, both up- and downstream. The safety and environmental aspects of these large dams should be robustly scrutinised.

scholarly journals The Effects of Methane Storage Capacity Using Upgraded Activated Carbon by KOH

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Park ◽  
Gi Lee ◽  
Sang Hwang ◽  
Ji Kim ◽  
Bum Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Heat Of Adsorption ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Ch4 Adsorption ◽  
Ch4 Storage

In this study, a feasible experiment on adsorbed natural gas (ANG) was performed using activated carbons (ACs) with high surface areas. Upgraded ACs were prepared using chemical activation with potassium hydroxide, and were then applied as adsorbents for methane (CH4) storage. This study had three principal objectives: (i) upgrade ACs with high surface areas; (ii) evaluate the factors regulating CH4 adsorption capacity; and (iii) assess discharge conditions for the delivery of CH4. The results showed that upgraded ACs with surface areas of 3052 m2/g had the highest CH4 storage capacity (0.32 g-CH4/g-ACs at 3.5 MPa), which was over two times higher than the surface area and storage capacity of low-grade ACs (surface area = 1152 m2/g, 0.10 g-CH4/g-ACs). Among the factors such as surface area, packing density, and heat of adsorption in the ANG system, the heat of adsorption played an important role in controlling CH4 adsorption. The released heat also affected the CH4 storage and enhanced available applications. During the discharge of gas from the ANG system, the residual amount of CH4 increased as the temperature decreased. The amount of delivered gas was confirmed using different evacuation flow rates at 0.4 MPa, and the highest efficiency of delivery was 98% at 0.1 L/min. The results of this research strongly suggested that the heat of adsorption should be controlled by both recharging and discharging processes to prevent rapid temperature change in the adsorbent bed.

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