scholarly journals Stock Assessment of Hatchery-Released Clam Meretrix meretrix in an Estuary of China From the Perspectives of Population Ecology and Genetic Diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anguo Zhang ◽  
Hongjun Li ◽  
Xiaolong Yang ◽  
Lili Wang ◽  
Yangchun Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Ecology ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Meretrix Meretrix ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Monitoring Survey ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Genetic Structures

In this study, the release effects of the buried clam Meretrix meretrix in a northern estuary of China (Shuangtaizi Estuary) was assessed in terms of population ecology and genetic variability by using longer-term monitoring data from 2011 (used as the baseline data) to 2018. A total of 2.4 × 108 hatchery juveniles were released from 2012 to 2014, and follow-up monitoring survey of the growth, distribution, density, and biomass of M. meretrix population was carried out. Results showed a temporary spike in the population of M. meretrix, and the population underwent considerable year-to-year fluctuations in total abundance and biomass. Meanwhile, the age structure of the populations from 2011 to 2018 is still an unstable expanding type. Genetic analysis based on 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers revealed no significant genetic differentiation and weak genetic structures between years but higher genetic diversities in 2014–2018 than in the initial period (2013) of stock restoration. Our study suggests that effective policies for management and conservation to restore M. meretrix population by local governments are still needed in the long run.

scholarly journals Pro-Poor Tourism and Local Practices: An Empirical Study of an Autonomous County in China

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110227
Author(s):  
Shixian Wen ◽  
Xiaomei Cai ◽  
Jun (Justin) Li
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Local Staff ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Local Practices ◽  
Tourism Enterprises ◽  
Study Offer

Pro-poor tourism increases net benefits for the poor or directs profits back into the community by employing local staff and manufacturing. Existing studies have provided a theoretical understanding of how pro-poor tourism can produce environmental, economic, social, and cultural impacts. Little research has been conducted on the power dynamics that are specific to pro-poor tourism, especially in developing countries. This study contributes to pro-poor tourism theory from an operation-level perspective by addressing the alignment and coordination of three stakeholders—local governments, tourism enterprises, and community residents—involved in implementing pro-poor tourism in an ethnic, autonomous county in southern China. The results indicate that in the absence of effective cooperation between the three major stakeholders in strategic tourism development aimed at poverty alleviation, substantially greater benefits will not be delivered to the poor. The findings of this study offer important insights into the roles that stakeholders could play at various stages of sustainable development in the long run. This study can also provide useful information to governments for policy replacements and adjustments.

Results of Angioplasty With Double-Layer Mesh Stent and Protection Systems of the Extra- and Intracranial Dissection of Cephalic Arteries

2022 ◽  
pp. 152660282110687
Author(s):  
Pawel Latacz ◽  
Bartlomiej Lasocha ◽  
Brzegowy Pawel ◽  
Popiela Tadeusz ◽  
Simka Marian
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Endovascular Repair ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Late Results ◽  
Aggressive Approach ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Purpose: Although a majority of cervical artery dissections can be managed conservatively, patients presenting with cerebral embolization or significant stenosis require a more aggressive approach. However, complications associated with endovascular repair are quite frequent and optimal interventional technique still remains to be established. Materials and methods: The aim of this post hoc survey was to analyze results of endovascular treatments for symptomatic dissections of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries, which were performed under protection and with the use of double-layer mesh stents. During endovascular procedure catheters, stents and protection systems were tailored according to the angioarchitecture of dissection, particularly to its location, length and coexisting stenotic or aneurysmatic lesions. We evaluated retrospectively midterm and late results of endovascular treatment of 25 patients presenting with symptomatic dissection of cervical arteries, including 11 patients with dissections of intracranial segments of the internal carotid artery. Follow-ups were scheduled 1, 3 and 6 after the procedure, and then every 6 months. Control computed tomography (CT) or digital subtraction angiography (DSA) arteriographies were performed 1–6 months and 12 months after endovascular repair. Results: There were no periprocedural major adverse events. All patients completed the 12-month follow-up. There were neither fatalities nor new neurologic adverse events at the 30-day follow-up, and no such adverse events during long-term follow-up. At 12-month follow-up, in all patients, angiographies revealed patent stents, full coverage of lesions by stents and complete thrombotic closure of the pseudoaneurysms. Conclusions: A tailored endovascular management of symptomatic dissection of cervical arteries is safe and efficient, also in a long run.

scholarly journals The Green Innovation Effect on Heavy-Polluting Enterprises Under the Environmental Protection Law

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leqian Ouyang ◽  
Daming You
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Green Innovation ◽  
Eastern Area ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Financial Power

One of the main purposes of the 2015 Environmental Protection Law (EPL) of the People's Republic of China is to boost the green innovation of the enterprises. Using heavy-polluting enterprises as examples, this paper uses the Difference-in-difference analysis (DDD) technique to analyze the influence of EPL on the green innovation of enterprises under fiscal decentralization and enterprise heterogeneity. Results show that EPL exerts a negative impact on the green innovation of heavy-polluting enterprises at the national level, as well as those in the central and western areas specifically. The only presence of positive motivation for green innovation is being found in the eastern area, although, the motivation seems to be insignificant. The negative impacts have been lasting in the long run, especially for the low-performance enterprises in the central areas. As for the targeted implementation of EPL in China, local governments should make the best use of financial power under fiscal decentralization. This balanced approach is designed to motivate enterprises in different regions with various performance levels to develop green innovation based on their different weaknesses and strengths.

scholarly journals Examination of the current and idel organisational culture and leadership elements at the municipalities of the North Great Plain region

2013 ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Andrea Matkó
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Middle Managers ◽  
Performance Orientation ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Vision ◽  
Major Emphasis

The connection between organizational culture and leadership has been examined by several researchers (Schein, Schmircik, Bass) and it is proven that there is a link between them. The leader shapes the organizational culture and at the same time the organizational culture shapes the leader too. The middle managers of local governments place the major emphasis on the dimension of goal orientation for the future. From the leadership perspective they find charismatic, goal and team oriented leadership necessary for the future. The local governments have to answer the challenges of the rapidly changing environment. Quick responses and adjustments are only possible if the leader possesses a clear future vision and not only sets short-term goals but plans for the future and estimates the necessities on the long run. It is important to have a leadership with utmost dedication to the organization and to the objectives of the organization. The leaders must raise the interests of the employees, involve them in the process of setting goals and in finding ways to meet those goals, and that the employees should no longer strive to realize their own personal ambitions but focus on the common objectives. This brought transformational leadership to light. The leader establishes and shapes the organizational culture but the individuals and teams working for the organization have impact on the organizational culture as well. This becomes apparent in the organizational culture as middle managers would place the major emphasis on performance orientation. Performance orientation is a dominant motivation based on excellence, hard work, pre-calculated risk, fore planning, goal orientation and regular feedback, which shapes the leadership too, as the leader has to change as well, in order to run the organization. Scheins’ standpoint reflects the best the relationship between the organizational culture and the leadership. Schein claims that organizational culture and leadership are interwoven phenomena, as the leader shapes the culture but after a while the organizational culture itself shapes the leader too.

Continued Sports Activity, Using a Pain-Monitoring Model, during Rehabilitation in Patients with Achilles Tendinopathy

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 897-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Grävare Silbernagel ◽  
Roland Thomeé ◽  
Bengt I. Eriksson ◽  
Jon Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Achilles Tendinopathy ◽  
Monitoring Model

Background Achilles tendinopathy is a common overuse injury, especially among athletes involved in activities that include running and jumping. Often an initial period of rest from the pain-provoking activity is recommended. Purpose To prospectively evaluate if continued running and jumping during treatment with an Achilles tendon-loading strengthening program has an effect on the outcome. Study Design Randomized clinical control trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods Thirty-eight patients with Achilles tendinopathy were randomly allocated to 2 different treatment groups. The exercise training group (n = 19) was allowed, with the use of a pain-monitoring model, to continue Achilles tendon-loading activity, such as running and jumping, whereas the active rest group (n = 19) had to stop such activities during the first 6 weeks. All patients were rehabilitated according to an identical rehabilitation program. The primary outcome measures were the Swedish version of the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment—Achilles questionnaire (VISA-A-S) and the pain level during tendon-loading activity. Results No significant differences in the rate of improvements were found between the groups. Both groups showed, however, significant (P < .01) improvements, compared with baseline, on the primary outcome measure at all the evaluations. The exercise training group had a mean (standard deviation) VISA-A-S score of 57 (15.8) at baseline and 85 (12.7) at the 12-month follow-up (P < .01). The active rest group had a mean (standard deviation) VISA-A-S score of 57 (15.7) at baseline and 91 (8.2) at the 12-month follow-up (P < .01). Conclusions No negative effects could be demonstrated from continuing Achilles tendon-loading activity, such as running and jumping, with the use of a pain-monitoring model, during treatment. Our treatment protocol for patients with Achilles tendinopathy, which gradually increases the load on the Achilles tendon and calf muscle, demonstrated significant improvements. A training regimen of continued, pain-monitored, tendon-loading physical activity might therefore represent a valuable option for patients with Achilles tendinopathy.

Effects of Delay Discounting and Other Predictors on Smoking Relapse

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba González-Roz ◽  
Roberto Secades-Villa ◽  
Irene Pericot-Valverde ◽  
Sara Weidberg ◽  
Fernando Alonso-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Contingency Management ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Smoking Relapse

AbstractDespite the substantial decrease in the prevalence of tobacco smoking and the availability of effective smoking cessation treatments, smoking relapse after formal treatments remains extremely high. Evidence regarding clinical predictors of relapse after quitting is essential to promote long-term abstinence among those who successfully quit. This study aimed to explore whether baseline delay discounting (DD) rates and other sociodemographic, psychological, and smoking-related variables predicted relapse to smoking at six-month follow-up. Participants were 188 adult smokers (mean age = 42.9, SD = 12.9; 64.4% females) who received one of three treatment conditions: 6-weeks of cognitive–behavioral treatment (CBT) alone; or combined with contingency management (CBT + CM); or combined with cue exposure treatment (CBT+CET). Smoking status was biochemically verified. Logistic regression was conducted to examine prospective predictors of smoking relapse at six months after an initial period of abstinence. Greater DD rates (OR: 0.18; 95% CI [0.03, 0.93]), being younger (OR: 0.96; 95% CI [0.94, 0.99]), high nicotine dependence (OR: 1.34; 95% CI [1.13, 1.60]), and a higher number of previous quit attempts (OR: 4.47; 95% CI [1.14, 17.44]) increased the likelihood of smoking relapse at six-month follow-up. Besides sociodemographic and smoking-related characteristics, greater DD predisposes successful quitters to relapse back to smoking. These results stress the relevance of incorporating specific treatment components for reducing impulsivity.

Arpe total joint arthroplasty for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis: 80 thumbs in 63 patients with a minimum of 10 years follow-up

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaëlle Dumartinet-Gibaud ◽  
Nicolas Bigorre ◽  
Guy Raimbeau ◽  
Jérome Jeudy ◽  
Yann Saint Cast
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Implant Survival ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Technical Errors ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Trapeziometacarpal Osteoarthritis ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

In this retrospective study, we report a series of 80 Arpe prostheses for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis in 63 patients. Twenty-seven prostheses (20 patients) were lost to follow-up. Twenty-one were revised, eight of them during the first year after operation. The calculated cumulated implant survival rate was 85% at 10 years but could be lower due to the lack of information on the patients lost to follow-up. The number of complications due to technical errors was high; but after we had done 30 cases, the number of early revisions decreased markedly. At follow-up, 23 of 32 thumbs were totally free of pain, and the patients were satisfied with 31 thumbs. We conclude that the implant survival declines progressively in the long run, with a survival rate of 80% after 15 years of follow-up and a further decline thereafter. We also found that this surgery was difficult to master. We advise selecting this implant for thumb trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis with caution. Level of evidence: IV

scholarly journals Financial statements disclosure on Indonesian local government websites

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-128
Author(s):  
Wahyudin Nor ◽  
Muhammad Hudaya ◽  
Rifqi Novriyandana
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Audit Opinion ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Websites

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which audit opinion, audit findings, follow-up audit recommendations, level of education, level of welfare and heads of local governments’ commitment influence the disclosure of financial statements on the official website of local government. Design/methodology/approach The data of this research comprise 68 financial statements during the period 2015–2016 collected from 34 local governments across Indonesia by employing the census method. The data then are analyzed using logistic regression. Findings The results of this study show that audit opinion has a positive significant influence on the disclosure of financial statements on local government websites in Indonesia, while the audit findings, follow-up audit recommendations, level of education, level of welfare and heads of local governments’ commitment have no significant influences on the disclosure of financial statements local governments’ websites across Indonesia. Originality/value The study contributes to the public sector accounting research by enhancing our understanding to the disclosure of financial statements on local government websites.

Long-run relationship between investment and maintenance in local governments

Facilities ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (11/12) ◽  
pp. 703-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnt O. Hopland
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Infrastructure

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to analyze the relationship between maintenance of existent and investment in new infrastructure in Norwegian local governments. Design/methodology/approach A reduced form vector autoregressive system is estimated using a 29-year-long panel data set for the Norwegian local governments. Findings The data reveal that increased investment in new infrastructure sparks little, if any, increase in maintenance. The results also indicate that increased maintenance expenditures spark new investments. Because more investments mean more infrastructure and adequate maintenance should give that investments are not caused by maintenance, the results suggest that the local governments have not optimized their maintenance scheduling in this period. Originality/value Even though maintenance and investment are large expenditures that both serve as inputs to the stock of infrastructure, little is known about the relationship between the two. The findings in this paper suggests that Norwegian local governments have not planned their maintenance and investments well in the past, and this can be part of the explanation as to why local public infrastructure in Norway is presently in poor condition.

Experimental Evidence on the Long-Run Impact of Community-Based Monitoring

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Björkman Nyqvist ◽  
Damien de Walque ◽  
Jakob Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

We evaluate the longer run impact of a local accountability intervention in primary health care provision in Uganda. Short-run improvements in health care delivery and health outcomes remained in the longer run despite minimal follow-up. We find no impact on the quality of care or health outcomes of a lower cost intervention that focused on encouraging participation but did not provide information on staff performance. We provide suggestive evidence that informed beneficiaries are more likely to identify and challenge (mis)behavior by providers and, as a result, turn their focus to issues that they can manage locally. (JEL H75, I11, I18, O15, O18)

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