scholarly journals Evaluating Strategies for Managing Anthropogenic Mortality on Marine Mammals: An R Implementation With the Package RLA

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Genu ◽  
Anita Gilles ◽  
Philip S. Hammond ◽  
Kelly Macleod ◽  
Jade Paillé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Marine Mammal ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Control Rule ◽  
The North ◽  
Control Rules ◽  
First Case ◽  
Management Procedure

Bycatch, the undesirable and non-intentional catch of non-target species in marine fisheries, is one of the main causes of mortality of marine mammals worldwide. When quantitative conservation objectives and management goals are clearly defined, computer-based procedures can be used to explore likely population dynamics under different management scenarios and estimate the levels of anthropogenic removals, including bycatch, that marine mammal populations may withstand. Two control rules for setting removal limits are the Potential Biological Removal (PBR) established under the US Marine Mammal Protection Act and the Removals Limit Algorithm (RLA) inspired from the Catch Limit Algorithm (CLA) developed under the Revised Management Procedure of the International Whaling Commission. The PBR and RLA control rules were tested in a Management Strategy Evaluation (MSE) framework. A key feature of PBR and RLA is to ensure conservation objectives are met in the face of the multiple uncertainties or biases that plague real-world data on marine mammals. We built a package named RLA in the R software to carry out MSE of control rules to set removal limits in marine mammal conservation. The package functionalities are illustrated by two case studies carried out under the auspices of the Oslo and Paris convention (OSPAR) (the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic) Marine Mammal Expert Group (OMMEG) in the context of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive. The first case study sought to tune the PBR control rule to the conservation objective of restoring, with a probability of 0.8, a cetacean population to 80% of carrying capacity after 100 years. The second case study sought to further develop a RLA to set removals limit on harbor porpoises in the North Sea with the same conservation objective as in the first case study. Estimation of the removals limit under the RLA control rule was carried out within the Bayesian paradigm. Outputs from the functions implemented in the package RLA allows the assessment of user-defined performance metrics, such as time to reach a given fraction of carrying capacity under a given level of removals compared to the time needed given no removals.

Scales and Units

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. de Luna
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
The North ◽  
First Case ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
River Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alternative Approaches

This chapter uses two case studies to explore how historians study language movement and change through comparative historical linguistics. The first case study stands as a short chapter in the larger history of the expansion of Bantu languages across eastern, central, and southern Africa. It focuses on the expansion of proto-Kafue, ca. 950–1250, from a linguistic homeland in the middle Kafue River region to lands beyond the Lukanga swamps to the north and the Zambezi River to the south. This expansion was made possible by a dramatic reconfiguration of ties of kinship. The second case study explores linguistic evidence for ridicule along the Lozi-Botatwe frontier in the mid- to late 19th century. Significantly, the units and scales of language movement and change in precolonial periods rendered visible through comparative historical linguistics bring to our attention alternative approaches to language change and movement in contemporary Africa.

scholarly journals Thermal Surface Analysis on Neo-minimalist apartment façades in Penang, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Yasser Arab ◽  
Ahmad Sanusi Hassan ◽  
Bushra Qanaa
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Thermal Imager ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Less Is More ◽  
The North ◽  
First Case ◽  
Shading Devices

The study investigates apartment’s façade thermal performance with neo-minimalist architectural style in Penang, Malaysia. Neo-minimalist style is considered as the most popular style in Malaysia in 2010s. The style is rediscovering from early modern minimalist movement with a design concept “less is more”. It applies minimal and efficient design of architectural character in defining form and space. Penang Island the second most important city in Malaysia after Kuala Lumpur. It is located at the north-western part of the country. The first case studies is the Light Linear apartment which has sixteen stories located on the east cost of Penang Island at Pantai Street, Penang. The second case study is BayStar apartment building, the eleven stories building tis located in Bayan Lepas at the seaside facing Jerejak Island. In order to conduct this study Fluke Ti20 thermal imager was used to capture thermal images for the west facades of the selected case study hourly from 12:00 to 6:00 pm on 15th March 2017. The study finds that the recessed wall, balconies and the shading devices were the important elements to provide shades on the façades for good thermal performance.

scholarly journals Severely imbalanced Big Data challenges: investigating data sampling approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tawfiq Hasanin ◽  
Taghi M. Khoshgoftaar ◽  
Joffrey L. Leevy ◽  
Richard A. Bauder
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Class Imbalance ◽  
Random Undersampling ◽  
First Case ◽  
Negative Class

AbstractSevere class imbalance between majority and minority classes in Big Data can bias the predictive performance of Machine Learning algorithms toward the majority (negative) class. Where the minority (positive) class holds greater value than the majority (negative) class and the occurrence of false negatives incurs a greater penalty than false positives, the bias may lead to adverse consequences. Our paper incorporates two case studies, each utilizing three learners, six sampling approaches, two performance metrics, and five sampled distribution ratios, to uniquely investigate the effect of severe class imbalance on Big Data analytics. The learners (Gradient-Boosted Trees, Logistic Regression, Random Forest) were implemented within the Apache Spark framework. The first case study is based on a Medicare fraud detection dataset. The second case study, unlike the first, includes training data from one source (SlowlorisBig Dataset) and test data from a separate source (POST dataset). Results from the Medicare case study are not conclusive regarding the best sampling approach using Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve and Geometric Mean performance metrics. However, it should be noted that the Random Undersampling approach performs adequately in the first case study. For the SlowlorisBig case study, Random Undersampling convincingly outperforms the other five sampling approaches (Random Oversampling, Synthetic Minority Over-sampling TEchnique, SMOTE-borderline1 , SMOTE-borderline2 , ADAptive SYNthetic) when measuring performance with Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve and Geometric Mean metrics. Based on its classification performance in both case studies, Random Undersampling is the best choice as it results in models with a significantly smaller number of samples, thus reducing computational burden and training time.

scholarly journals Management and treatment procedure of windpuff caused by lice infestation in domestic pigeon: A case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-224
Author(s):  
Mishuk Shaha ◽  
Arjuman Lima ◽  
Ashutosh Das ◽  
Gous Miah ◽  
Sabuj Kanti Nath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Needle Puncture ◽  
Treatment Procedure ◽  
Domestic Pigeon ◽  
First Case ◽  
Management Procedure ◽  
Domestic Pigeons ◽  
Agent Treatment

A rare case of windpuff was diagnosed in 7 months old two domestic pigeons due to itching and scratching with inanimate objects caused by lice infestation reported in Begumganj upazila hospital, Noakhali district, Bangladesh. This is the first case of domestic pigeon recorded in Bangladesh and the aim of this case study is to determine the causal agent, treatment and management procedure of windpuff. Parasitological examination of feathers revealed the presence of Columbicola columbae, a dorso-ventrally flattened biting type louse. Using needle puncture was able to release the ballooning condition and the pigeons were treated with antimicrobial drug (Enrofloxacin @10mg/kg body weight) through drinking water along with multivitamin and ectoparasiticidal drug (Ivermectin @0.4mg/kg body weight). Both the pigeon was successfully recovered without any further complications within four days.

scholarly journals Mapping Arctic cetaceans from space: A case study for beluga and narwhal

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0254380
Author(s):  
Bertrand Charry ◽  
Emily Tissier ◽  
John Iacozza ◽  
Marianne Marcoux ◽  
Cortney A. Watt
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Delphinapterus Leucas ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
Beluga Whales ◽  
The North ◽  
Maximum Resolution

Emergence of new technologies in remote sensing give scientists a new way to detect and monitor wildlife populations. In this study we assess the ability to detect and classify two emblematic Arctic cetaceans, the narwhal (Monodon monoceros) and beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas), using very high-resolution (VHR) satellite imagery. We analyzed 12 VHR images acquired in August 2017 and 2019, collected by the WorldView-3 satellite, which has a maximum resolution of 0.31 m per pixel. The images covered Clearwater Fiord (138.8 km2), an area on eastern Baffin Island, Canada where belugas spend a large part of the summer, and Tremblay Sound (127.0 km2), a narrow water body located on the north shore of Baffin Island that is used by narwhals during the open water season. A total of 292 beluga whales and 109 narwhals were detected in the images. This study contributes to our understanding of Arctic cetacean distribution and highlights the capabilities of using satellite imagery to detect marine mammals.

scholarly journals Marine Mammals Occurring in the Negros Occidental Coastal Wetlands Conservation Area, Philippines

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-142
Author(s):  
Manuel Eduardo de la Paz ◽  
Jacob Nathaniel Luther ◽  
Stiffy Marie Espinosa ◽  
Bea Chiara Festin ◽  
Rubena Marie Santillan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammal ◽  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
International Importance ◽  
Wetlands Conservation

The Negros Occidental Coastal Wetlands Conservation Area (NOCWCA) is the Philippines’ 7th Ramsar Site of Wetlands of International Importance. It spans 89,607 ha comprising the municipal waters of 10 adjacent towns and municipalities. Its waters are part of the Guimaras Strait in the north and the Panay Gulf in the south. This research aimed to assess marine mammal diversity in these coastal wetlands. Marine mammal species here were documented through strandings, interview surveys, and boat surveys. Ten species of marine mammals, including the dugong (Dugong dugon), have stranded in the NOCWCA for the past ten years. Three species were encountered in the boat surveys: Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus), Long-snouted spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris longirostris), and Irrawaddy dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris). All species were encountered in close proximity to fishing boats, indicating possible interactions. The presence of these marine mammals here highlights the importance of these areas as essential habitats.

scholarly journals Marine mammal sightings around oil and gas installations in the central North Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 993-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Delefosse ◽  
Malene Louise Rahbek ◽  
Lars Roesen ◽  
Karin Tubbert Clausen
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Marine Mammal ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Minke Whale ◽  
Harbour Porpoise ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Central North Sea

Relatively little is known about the distribution and diversity of marine mammals around offshore anthropogenic structures. We present results obtained from incidental sightings of marine mammals around oil and gas installations located 200 km off the Danish coast. A total of 131 sightings corresponding to about 288 animals were reported between May 2013 and May 2016. A total of seven marine mammal species were identified, five cetaceans: harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), white-beaked dolphin (Lagenorhynchus albirostris), killer whale (Orcinus orca), pilot whales (Globicephala spp.) and two species of pinnipeds: harbour (Phoca vitulina) and grey seals (Halichoerus grypus). The most sighted species were harbour porpoise (41%) and minke whale (31%). Relative counts and biodiversity of marine mammals observed around installations corresponded well with the expected distribution in the central North Sea. Several taxon-specific correlations were identified between number of sightings and environmental parameters (depth and latitude) or installation characteristics (installation aerial footprint). Furthermore, 85% of sightings were made during spring and summer and it is unclear whether the pattern observed reflected a natural seasonal occurrence of marine mammals in the area or an effect of reduced effort during autumn and winter. Despite the potential caveats, results obtained during this programme provide an insight into the relationship between marine mammals and oil and gas offshore installations in the North Sea.

scholarly journals Reconstructing Heritage and Cultural Identity in Marginalised and Hinterland Communities: Case Studies from Western Newfoundland

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Baehre
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Treaty Rights ◽  
The North ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Face ◽  
Humber River ◽  
Basin Region

This essay examines the issue of missing heritage, cultural identity, and regeneration of two historically marginalised communities in the Humber River Basin region of western Newfoundland, Canada: Woods Island and Crow Gulch. This region was shaped by the implementation of international treaties which restricted settlement until the turn of the twentieth century by Britain, France and the United States. The first case study focuses on a former fishing community in the Bay of Islands, Woods Island, whose prosperity once coincided with the need by large fish producers based in Gloucester, Massachusetts; they relied on the Bay of Islands for a herring bait fishery to conduct their operations, making the location one of the most important sources of supply in the North Atlantic. Issues surrounding treaty rights and access to this region’s resources resulted in international arbitration and The Hague Tribunal of 1910, and set a legal precedent for opening up global access to the world’s oceans. A half-century later, in the face of the forces of ‘modernisation’, Woods Island was resettled under pressure from the Newfoundland government, as part of a larger strategy to transform the island’s society and economy. Its heritage remains however important to former residents and their families in understanding a world now lost. The second case study explores an abandoned underclass community, consisting mostly of residents with French/Aboriginal background who were largely discriminated against because of their ethnicity. While also no longer in existence, Crow Gulch in its iconic role is significant in the wake of a recent major Mi’kmaw resurgence in Western Newfoundland. Together, these studies demonstrate how to conserve tangible and intangible culture of marginalised communities by linking micro-history to macro-history and how to preserve the past for future cultural benefit.

scholarly journals Study the hybrid PV/wind systems in Basrah city

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor B Sakran ◽  
Salih I Najim
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid System ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Electrical Engineering ◽  
Power Saving ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
Total Power ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
First Case

Renewable resources gained more attention in the last two decades due to persisting energy demand coupled with decrease in fossil fuel resources and its environmental effect to the earth. In this work, two cases of hybrid system will be studied. The first one dr. Jawad's home (Assistant professor in Electrical Engineering Department- University of Basrah). It is located in Al-Jazeera area that adjacent to the coast of the Shatt al – Arab that is located about 34 km south of the city center and its coordinates are (30.12° N, 47.49° E) latitude and longitude respectively. He used a hybrid system consist of (PV panels-batteries and the wind power will be studied theoretically by suggests a 4.5kW) wind turbine system) to feeding home's load. The second case study is the laboratories of the Department of Electrical Engineering-University of Basrah.The Department located in Garmat Ali district (part of Al-Hartha area) that is located in the north east of Basrah city and its coordinates are 30.582° N latitude and 47.76° E longitude. The hybrid system that used in this department consists of (PV panels-batteries). Results showed from first case study that the total power saving when using hybrid system resources in the house that consume 33.24 MWh/year about 31.3% by providing 10.4 MWh/year. Through the study of the laboratories of the Department the results show that is possible to operate many electrical appliances at the same time depending on the hybrid system such as fans, lighting, and computers and it is noted that the air conditioners can be operated by using more and more solar cells and batteries.

Disposable Fibre Optic Intervention System: Case Study of Successful Leak Detection Offshore North Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Feherty ◽  
Andrew Garioch ◽  
Annabel Green
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
Fibre Optic ◽  
Distributed Temperature Sensing ◽  
The North ◽  
First Case ◽  
Well Data

Abstract Maintaining well integrity is critical to sustaining production from mature and aging fields. Disposable fibre optic technology has been deployed in wells in the North Sea to locate known tubing leaks in the completion. The disposable fibre optic intervention system releases a probe into the well to enable the deployment of bare fibre optic line. The fibres are released from the probe as it descends into the well. In the presented case study, the probe contained both single-mode and multi-mode fibre optic lines to enable simultaneous Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) and Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) surveys to be performed. Once deployed in the well, pressure manipulation programs were performed to activate any tubing or casing leaks while acquiring DTS and DAS data. As a result of the exceptional sensitivity of the bare fibres and the effective coupling of the fibre with the tubing wall the technology is shown to be highly effective in detecting leaks and confirming barrier integrity. In the presented example a leak was located along with the direction and rate of the fluid movement in the ‘B’ annulus. The simplicity of the system and highly efficient operations greatly reduced survey times in comparison to conventional intervention techniques thereby greatly reducing the cost of intervention. It can be demonstrated that the disposable fibre optic deployment system provides a game changing and cost-effective solution for both leak detection and determining liquid levels in the wells. The disposable fibre solution is a unique deployment method which provides an alternative to conventional well surveys, reducing the complexity, time and cost to acquire valuable distributed well data. This is the first case history published for this technology in leak detection application.

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