scholarly journals Mechanical Property of Beam-to-Column Connection of Steel Structures With All-Steel Buckling-Restrained Braces

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhe Gao ◽  
Jiahuan Xi ◽  
Yuwen Xu ◽  
Baokui Chen ◽  
Dan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Structure ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Elastic Response ◽  
Steel Beam ◽  
Initial Stiffness ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Yield Load ◽  
Plastic Energy ◽  
Buckling Restrained Braces ◽  
Connection System

To avoid brittle fracture and plastic yielding of steel beam-to-column connections under earthquakes, a new beam-to-column connection of steel structures with all-steel buckling restrained braces (BRBs) is proposed. The all-steel BRB is connected to the steel beam and column members through pins to form a new connection system. Taking the T-shaped beam-to-column connection steel structure as the research object, two structural types with an all-steel BRB installed on one side (S-type) and two sides (D-type) are considered. Theoretical equations of the connection system’s initial stiffness and yield load are derived through the mechanical models. The yield load, main strain distribution, energy dissipation, and stiffness of the connection system are investigated through quasi-static tests to verify the connection system’s seismic performance. The tests revealed that the proposed new connection system is capable of achieving a stable hysteresis behavior. At the end of loading, the beam and column members are not damaged, and the plastic deformation is concentrated in the plastic energy dissipating replaceable BRB, and the beam and column basically remain elastic. The proposed equations approximately estimated the load response of the proposed connection system. The results show that the damage mode of this new connection system under seismic loading is BRB yielding, with an elastic response from the beam-column members.

FIRE RESISTANCE PERFORMANCE OF CELLULAR STEEL BEAM (CSB) AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariz Aswan Ahmad Zakwan ◽  
Renga Rao Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Azmi Ibrahim ◽  
Abdul Manaff Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Large Deformation ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Steel Beam ◽  
Standard Fire ◽  
British Steel Corporation ◽  
Post Buckling

Cellular steel beam (CSB) is getting more and more popular to be used as the main structural member for steel building structure in the United Kingdom (UK). Despite quite costly to erect and assemble a steel structure member compared to concrete, it has several advantages in terms of lightweight material, higher strength, easy to assemble and aesthetic value. Even though the use of CSB is quite significantly positive, the negative side also needs to be addressed. Any steel structures are prone to fire exposure scenario. The strength of CSB will be significantly decreased when exposed to elevated temperature due to fire. Large deformation from experimental procedure will be clearly seen after the time-temperature curve reach critical stage. Vierendeel bending mechanism and web-post buckling are some of the drawbacks of the CSB at elevated temperature. In this paper, general purpose ABAQUS Finite Element (Version 6.14) on large deformation of protected and unprotected CSB at elevated temperature is proposed. Performance based approach is introduced to validate the numerical analysis with the experimental results from the available Compendium of UK Standard Fire Test Data produced by British Steel Corporation Research Services, Swinden Laboratories, UK.

scholarly journals The axial capacity of a full height rectangular opening castellated steel beam with steel reinforcement stiffeners

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Muhamad Rusli A. ◽  
Prabowo Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Steel Structure ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Steel Reinforcement ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Steel Beam ◽  
Axial Capacity ◽  
Axial Forces ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Castellated Beam ◽  
Full Height

The axial capacity of a full height rectangular opening castellated steel beam with steel reinforcement stiffeners is proven to prevent Vierendeel failure mechanism. The effect is an increase in flexural capacity of the structure. Diameter of the steel reinforcement stiffeners is revealed to have an effect on its strength in resisting axial forces occur in the structure. However, size of the diameter is limited to the strength maximum value of the steel flange section in withstanding the moment force. Using optimal design of the castellated steel structure, this research aimed to find out the increase value of the axial capacity. There were two models of steel structures employed in the study, IWF 200x100x5.5x8 and castellated beam 362x100x5.5x8, both were loaded with axial directions. Analyses were conducted using truss and pushover methods. Results of the study showed an increase in both flexural (36.81%) and axial (60.78%) capacities. The increase in the value of structure capacity mainly influenced by the stiffeners shortened the effective length of the structure.

scholarly journals Detecting Debonding between Steel Beam and Reinforcing CFRP Plate Using Active Sensing with Removable PZT-Based Transducers

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Jiang ◽  
Jinwei Jiang ◽  
Xiaowei Deng ◽  
Zifeng Deng
Keyword(s):  
Stress Wave ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Wavelet Packet ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Steel Beam ◽  
Active Sensing ◽  
Cfrp Plate

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates are widely used to retrofit or reinforce steel structures, and the debonding damage between the steel structure and the CFRP plate is a typical failure in strengthening steel structures. This paper proposes a new approach to detecting debonding between a steel beam and a reinforcing CFRP plate by using removable lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-based transducers and active sensing. The removable PZT-based transducers are used to implement the active sensing approach, in which one transducer, as an actuator, is used to generate stress wave, and another transducer, as a sensor, is used to detect the stress wave that propagates across the bonding between the steel beam and the reinforcing CFRP plate. The bonding condition significantly influences the received sensor signal, and a wavelet-packet-based energy index (WPEI) is used to quantify the energy of the received signal to evaluate the severity of debonding between the steel beam and the reinforcing CFRP plate. To validate the proposed approach, experimental studies were performed, and two removable PZT-based transducers were designed and fabricated to detect the debonding between a steel beam and the reinforcing CRFP plate. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method in detecting the debonding between a steel beam and the reinforcing CFRP plate using removable PZT-based transducers.

scholarly journals Efficiency and Effectiveness Comparative Analysis of Wide Flange Beams and Cellular Beams in A Case Project United Tractor

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-47
Author(s):  
Donald Essen ◽  
Muhammad Nur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Steel Beam ◽  
Beam Design ◽  
Design Guide ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Flange Beams ◽  
Steel Weight ◽  
Manual Verification

United Tractors Company will build a sports center building consist of 3 floors using steel structures. Nowadays, limited land is one of the building development problems. The construction of multi-stored buildings is a solution to the limited land problem. The writer has analyzed beam design with a Wide Flange and Cellular system. Focused on the beam element with construction material in the form of steel with steel quality BJ-37, Fy 240 MPa, Fu 370 MPa. The strength and efficiency of the use of steel tonnage were also analyzed. E-Tabs software 2016 used to steel beam structure analysis. In this beam design planning refers to the steel structure planning following SNI 1729: 2015, SNI 1727: 2013, AISC 2010, ASCE 7-10, and also AISC Design Guide 31. The results of manual verification show that the cross-section of WF 400x200x8x13 and CB 250x125x5x8 with a span length of 6 meters is declared to be strong and safe because fill the strong requirements needs to be smaller than the strength of the plan. The efficiency of the use of Cellular Beam was compared to Wide Flange, the longer of Cellular Beam will increase steel tonnage reductions. The percentage reduction in steel weight will continue to increase when the length of steel usage also increases. This concludes that the use of steel length with steel weight reduction will move linearly. Where in this project with a steel beam length of 1439.27m reduction of steel tonnage was at 19.5%.

Analysis on the Mechanical Properties of Connections on Cold-Formed Square Steel Column and Beam

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 676-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Yao ◽  
Yun Peng Chu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Ultimate Load ◽  
Plastic Hinge ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Initial Stiffness ◽  
Yield Load ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Steel Column ◽  
Welding Joints

The profiled steel structure of cold-formed square steel tubular has better seismic behavior and is suitable for reconstruction in seismic disastrous area. The joint is the key to the design of structure, so it needs further research on the mechanical properties. Using finite element software ANSYS to analysis two kinds of welding joints which under monotonic loading, the results show that: (1)The ultimate bearing capacity and yield load of improved joints greatly enhanced compared to conventional joints, and the plastic hinge moved to outward from the beam and column interface. (2)Until loading to the yield load, the improved joints has longer yield platform and better ductility. (3)The axial compression ratio has stronger effect on the conventional joints than improved joints on bearing capacity and initial stiffness.(4)Until loading to the ultimate load, degree of stress concentration on the improved joints is less than conventional joints, and the plastic hinge moved to outward, avoid brittle fracture of the joint.

Dynamic Characteristics of Base-Isolated Steel Frame under Seismic Ground Motion

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 2341-2344
Author(s):  
Mohammad Saeed Masoomi ◽  
Siti Aminah Osman ◽  
Ali Jahanshahi
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Base Isolation ◽  
Time History ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Steel Frame ◽  
Nonlinear Time History Analysis ◽  
Seismic Load ◽  
Vector Method ◽  
Seismic Ground Motion

This paper presents the performance of base-isolated steel structures under the seismic load. The main goals of this study are to evaluate the effectiveness of base isolation systems for steel structures against earthquake loads; to verify the modal analysis of steel frame compared with the hand calculation results; and development of a simulating method for base-isolated structure’s responses. Two models were considered in this study, one a steel structure with base-isolated and the other without base-isolated system. The nonlinear time-history analysis of both structures under El Centro 1940 seismic ground motion was used based on finite element method through SAP2000. The mentioned frames were analyzed by Eigenvalue method for linear analysis and Ritz-vector method for nonlinear analysis. Simulation results were presented as time-acceleration graphs for each story, period and frequency of both structures for the first three modes.

scholarly journals Experimental study on fatigue performance of Q420qD high-performance steel cross joint in complex environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haigen Cheng ◽  
Cong Hu ◽  
Yong Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Fatigue Performance ◽  
Corrosive Media ◽  
Joint Connection ◽  
High Performance Steel ◽  
The Cross

AbstractThe steel structure under the action of alternating load for a long time is prone to fatigue failure and affects the safety of the engineering structure. For steel structures in complex environments such as corrosive media and fires, the remaining fatigue life is more difficult to predict theoretically. To this end, the article carried out fatigue tests on Q420qD high-performance steel cross joints under three different working conditions, established a 95% survival rate $$S{ - }N$$ S - N curves, and analyzed the effects of corrosive media and high fire temperatures on its fatigue performance. And refer to the current specifications to evaluate its fatigue performance. The results show that the fatigue performance of the cross joint connection is reduced under the influence of corrosive medium, and the fatigue performance of the cross joint connection is improved under the high temperature of fire. When the number of cycles is more than 200,000 times, the design curves of EN code, GBJ code, and GB code can better predict the fatigue life of cross joints without treatment, only corrosion treatment, and corrosion and fire treatment, and all have sufficient safety reserve.

scholarly journals A New Approach for Cylindrical Steel Structure Deformation Monitoring by Dense Point Clouds

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2263
Author(s):  
Dongfeng Jia ◽  
Weiping Zhang ◽  
Yuhao Wang ◽  
Yanping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Steel Structure ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Deformation Analysis ◽  
Relative Deformation ◽  
Structure Deformation ◽  
Single Time ◽  
Cylindrical Steel ◽  
Cylinder Fitting

As fundamental load-bearing parts, the cylindrical steel structures of transmission towers relate to the stability of the main structures in terms of topological relation and performance. Therefore, the periodic monitoring of a cylindrical steel structure is necessary to maintain the safety and stability of existing structures in energy transmission. Most studies on deformation analysis are still focused on the process of identifying discrepancies in the state of a structure by observing it at different times, yet relative deformation analysis based on the data acquired in single time has not been investigated effectively. In this study, the piecewise cylinder fitting method is presented to fit the point clouds collected at a single time to compute the relative inclination of a cylindrical steel structure. The standard deviation is adopted as a measure to evaluate the degree of structure deformation. Meanwhile, the inclination rate of each section is compared with the conventional method on the basis of the piecewise cylinder fitting parameters. The validity and accuracy of the algorithm are verified by real transmission tower point cloud data. Experimental results show that the piecewise cylinder fitting algorithm proposed in this research can meet the accuracy requirements of cylindrical steel structure deformation analysis and has high application value in the field of structure deformation monitoring.

A Framework to Support the Optimization of Modularized Oil and Gas Structures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Castorani ◽  
Paolo Cicconi ◽  
Michele Germani ◽  
Sergio Bondi ◽  
Maria Grazia Marronaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Time ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Modular System ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Conceptual Study ◽  
A Current ◽  
Gas Plants

Modularization is a current issue in the context of plant design. A modular system aims to reduce lead time and cost in design phases. An oil & gas plant consists of many Engineered-To-Order solutions to be submitted and approved during the negotiation phase. In this context, design tools and methods are necessary to support the design life cycle from the conceptual study to the detailed project. The paper proposes an approach to optimize the design of modularized oil & gas plants with a focus on the related steel structures. A test case shows the configuration workflow applied to a modular steel structure of about 400 tons. The modularized layout has been optimized using genetic algorithms. A Knowledge Base has been described to support the configuration phase related to the conceptual design. Design rules and metrics have been formalized from the analysis of past solutions.

Solar Concentrating Systems Using Small Mirror Arrays

2009 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Göttsche ◽  
Bernhard Hoffschmidt ◽  
Stefan Schmitz ◽  
Markus Sauerborn ◽  
Reiner Buck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Wind Loads ◽  
Drive Systems ◽  
Mirror Area ◽  
The Cost

The cost of solar tower power plants is dominated by the heliostat field making up roughly 50% of investment costs. Classical heliostat design is dominated by mirrors brought into position by steel structures and drives that guarantee high accuracies under wind loads and thermal stress situations. A large fraction of costs is caused by the stiffness requirements of the steel structure, typically resulting in ∼20 kg/m2 steel per mirror area. The typical cost figure of heliostats (figure mentioned by Solucar at Solar Paces Conference, Seville, 2006) is currently in the area of 150 €/m2 caused by the increasing price of the necessary raw materials. An interesting option to reduce costs lies in a heliostat design where all moving parts are protected from wind loads. In this way, drives and mechanical layout may be kept less robust, thereby reducing material input and costs. In order to keep the heliostat at an appropriate size, small mirrors (around 10×10 cm2) have to be used, which are placed in a box with a transparent cover. Innovative drive systems are developed in order to obtain a cost-effective design. A 0.5×0.5 m2 demonstration unit will be constructed. Tests of the unit are carried out with a high-precision artificial sun unit that imitates the sun’s path with an accuracy of less than 0.5 mrad and creates a beam of parallel light with a divergence of less than 4 mrad.

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