scholarly journals Mini Review: Forensic Value of Aquaporines

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Prangenberg ◽  
Elke Doberentz ◽  
Burkhard Madea
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Water Channels ◽  
The Family ◽  
Criminal Investigators ◽  
Biological Channels ◽  
Aquaporin Channels ◽  
Forensic Value

Forensic pathologists are routinely confronted with unclear causes of death or findings. In some scenarios, it can be difficult to answer the specific questions posed by criminal investigators or prosecutors. Such scenarios may include questions about wound vitality or causes of death when typical or landmark findings are difficult to find. In addition to the usual subsequent examinations to clarify unclear causes of death or special questions, immunohistochemical analysis has become increasingly important since its establishment in the early 40s of the 20th century. Since then, numerous studies have been conducted to determine the usefulness and significance of immunohistochemical investigations on various structures and proteins. These proteins include, for example, aquaporins, which belong to the family of water channels. They enable the transport of water and of small molecules, such as glycerol, through biological channels and so far, 13 classes of aquaporins could have been identified in vertebrates. The classic aquaporin channels 1, 2, 4 and 5 are only permeable to water. The aquaporin channels 3, 7, 9, and 10 are also called aquaglycerolporins since they can also transport glycerol. This mini review discusses the immunohistochemical research on aquaporins, their range of applications, and respective forensic importance, their current limitations, and possible further implementations in the future.

scholarly journals Mini Review: The Forensic Value of Heat Shock Proteins

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Prangenberg ◽  
Elke Doberentz ◽  
Anthea Mawick ◽  
Burkhard Madea
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Application Range ◽  
Support Cell ◽  
Hsp 27 ◽  
Criminal Investigators ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
Cellular Compartments ◽  
Forensic Value

Forensic pathologists are routinely confronted with unclear causes of death or related findings. In some instances, difficulties arise in relation to questions posed by criminal investigators or prosecutors. Such scenarios may include questions about wound vitality or cause of death where typical or landmark findings are difficult to ascertain. In addition to the usual examinations required to clarify unclear causes of death or address specific questions, immunohistochemistry and genetic analyses have become increasingly important techniques in this area since their establishment last century. Since then, many studies have determined the usefulness and significance of immunohistochemical and genetic investigations on cellular structures and proteins. For example, these proteins include heat shock proteins (Hsp), which were first described in 1962 and are so called based on their molecular weight. They predominantly act as molecular chaperones with cytoprotective functions that support cell survival under (sub) lethal conditions. They are expressed in specific cellular compartments and have many divergent functions. Central family members include, Hsp 27, 60, and 70. This mini review investigates recent research on the Hsp family, their application range, respective forensic importance, and current limitations and provides an outlook on possible applications within forensic science.

scholarly journals Renouncing the World and Taking Ordination

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2021/1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztina Teleki
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Monastic Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Written Sources

The 20th century brought different periods in the history of Mongolia including theocracy, socialism and democracy. This article describes what renouncing the world (especially the home and the family), taking ordination, and taking monastic vows meant at the turn of the 20th century and a century later. Extracts from interviews reveal the life of pre-novices, illustrating their family backgrounds, connections with family members after ordination, and support from and towards the family. The master-disciple relationship which was of great significance in Vajrayāna tradition, is also described. As few written sources are available to study monks’ family ties, the research was based on interviews recorded with old monks who lived in monasteries in their childhood (prior to 1937), monks who were ordained in 1990, and pre-novices of the current Tantric monastic school of Gandantegčenlin Monastery. The interviews revealed similarities and differences in monastic life in given periods due to historical reasons. Though Buddhism could not attain its previous, absolutely dominant role in Mongolia after the democratic changes, nowadays tradition and innovation exist in parallel.

scholarly journals Causes of death in Serbia since the mid-20th century

Stanovnistvo ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-106
Author(s):  
Ivan Marinkovic
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Population Mortality ◽  
Circulatory Diseases

The structure of the leading causes of death in Serbia has considerably changed in the last half century. Diseases which presented the main threat to the population a few decades ago are now at the level of a statistical error. On the one side are causes which drastically changed their share in total mortality in this time interval, while others have shown stability and persistence among the basic causes of death. Acute infectious diseases "have been replaced" with chronic noninfectious diseases, due to the improvement of general and health conditions. One of the consequences of such changes is increased life expectancy and a larger share of older population which resulted in cardiovascular diseases and tumors to dominate more and more in total mortality. Convergent trends in the structure of the leading causes of death in Serbia from the middle of the 20th century are the reasons why there are considerably fewer diseases and causes with a significant rate in total population mortality at the beginning of the 21st century. During the 1950s, there were five groups of diseases and causes which participated individually with more than 10% of population mortality (infectious diseases, heart and circulatory diseases, respiratory diseases, some perinatal conditions and undefined states) while at the beginning of the new century there were only two such groups (cardiovascular diseases and tumors). Identical trends exist in all European countries, as well as in the rest of the developed world. The leading causes of death in Serbia are cardiovascular diseases. An average of somewhat over 57.000 people died annually in the period from 2007 - 2009, which represents 55.5% of total population mortality. Women are more numerous among the deceased and this difference is increasing due to population feminization. The most frequent cause of death in Serbia, after heart and circulatory diseases, are tumors, which caused 21,415 deaths in 2009. Neoplasms are responsible for one fifth of all deaths. Their number has doubled in three decades, from 9,107 in 1975 to about 20,000 at the beginning of the 21st century, whereby tumors have become the fastest growing cause of death. Least changes in absolute number of deaths in the last half century were marked among violent deaths. Observed by gender, men are in average three times more numerous among violent deaths than women. In the middle of the 20th century in Serbia, one third of the deaths caused by violence were younger than 25 and as many as one half were younger than 35 years old. Only one tenth (11%) of total number of violent deaths were from the age group of 65 or older. At the end of the first decade of the 21st century (2009), the share of population younger than 25 in the total number of violent deaths was decreased four times (and amounted to 8%). At the same time, the rate of those older than 65 or more quadrupled (amounted to 39%).

scholarly journals Samaan aikaan toisaalla. 1910-luvun siirtolaiskuvaukset toisin kuvittelemisen tilana

2017 ◽  
pp. 39-53
Author(s):  
Elsi Hyttinen
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Migrant Literature ◽  
Strong Emphasis ◽  
The Family

Simultaneously Elsewhere. Imagining Migrancy in Early 20th Century Finnish Literature The article discusses the functions of early 20th century Finnish language fiction on Finnish­American migrancy. The author suggests that fiction depicting migrant life served its contemporary readership as a utopic ”elsewhere” where mobility, gender and agency could be articulated differently from what could be done in literature depicting life in Finland. The argument is developed through readings of three reoccurring tropes articulating migrant subjectivity in fiction: the family (or, rather, its absence), the tramp and the urban housemaid. From a transnational perspective, the article engages with, even if respectfully distances itself from, earlier research on Finnish­American migrant literature with its strong emphasis on reading fiction as representing real­life migrant. Instead, it is proposed that it might be fruitful to approach migrant literature and Finnish literature depicting life in Finland as a diffuse whole, where ideological investments are to an extent bound to locations but not explained causally by them.

Tradition, Innovations and Historical Events in the Early 20th Century Chinese Calendars from the Russian Collections

2021 ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Zavidovskaya
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Academic Library ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
The State ◽  
State University ◽  
Political Events ◽  
The Family ◽  
State Museum ◽  
History Of ◽  
Technology Of Production

The paper discusses two types of Chinese calendars – a traditional agricultural calendar “nongli” which existed in China since the 9th century and a Westernized “yuefenpai” calendar that emerged in Shanghai in the late 19th century and flourished until the 30-40s of the 20th century. Apart from the lunar and solar calendars and a table of 24 seasons woodblock “nongli” calendar featured a Stove God Zao-wang alone or with a spouse surrounded by a suite, fortune bringing deities and auspicious symbols, Stove God was believed to ascend to heaven and report good and bad deeds of the family members to the Jade Emperor. New standards of “peoples`” art in PRC borrowed the aesthetics of the traditional woodblock popular prints by proclaiming “new nianhua” as a new tool of propaganda and criticizing “yuefenpai”.“Yuefenpai” differed from “nongli” by modern technology of production and acting as an advertisement, yet early pieces of Shanghai calendars either feature auspicious characters and motifs or introduce current political events, such as accession of the Pu Yi emperor on the throne in 1908 (reigned in 1908–1912). These calendars were seen to be a cheap and easily available media suitable for informing population about news and innovations. The paper attempts to revisit previously established interpretations of some “yuefenpai” calendars. The research is based unpublished pieces from the collections of the State Hermitage, the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, academic library of the St.-Petersburg State University, the State Museum of the History of Religion mostly acquired by V.M. Alekseev (1881–1951) during his stays to China.

The Fissioning of the Modern Family in Utopia- The Real- World Consequences of Political Illusions

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-112
Author(s):  
Bryce Christensen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Real World ◽  
Family Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Family ◽  
Modern Family

Since the mid-20th century, the United States-, like many Europeancountries, -has witnessed dramatic changes in family life, resulting inremarkably low rates for marriage and fertility, remarkably high rates fordivorce, cohabitation, and out-of-wedlock births. To understand these changes the article presents, on the example of literature, ideologies, philosophical trends, and intellectual opinions, which in a particularly destructive way influenced the contemporary condition of the family.

Some characteristics of a family

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-212
Author(s):  
R. J. F. H. Pinsent
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Royal College ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Manual Analysis ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common

SummaryA study was undertaken to examine routinely recorded information on the births, marriages and deaths occurring in an extended population sharing the feature of a common surname. The material was obtained in quote form from the General Registry.Simple manual analysis revealed a number of localities in which the ‘family’ was to be found and comparisons were made between vital events in each area over the period 1837–1960. An attempt was made to group bearers of the common surname by social class using the currently accepted convention.Causes of death were coded according to the main headings of the classification introduced by the Royal College of General Practitioners in 1963. Variations in frequency of recording of different causes of death in different localities were found.It is suggested that a more sophisticated study of populations composed of bearers of a shared surname might demonstrate a predictive value in terms of susceptibility or resistance to disease and thus become a recognized tool in the workshop of the geneticist.

Art in Renaissance Florence

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Blake McHam ◽  
Stephen Mack
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Considerable Degree ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Family ◽  
Renaissance Florence ◽  
Art And Architecture ◽  
The City ◽  
Lives Of The Artists

Florence was a crucial locus for developments in Italian art throughout the peninsula in the period between 1300 and 1600, and so this article will concern itself with art created in the city rather than by Florentine artists working outside of Florence. To a considerable degree, the pervasive influence of Giorgio Vasari’s Lives of the Artists (1550, 1568) affected all later historiography, which followed the patriotic Florentine in his claims that everything of importance throughout the Renaissance originated in the city and spread from there elsewhere. That myth was challenged only in the latter part of the 20th century. Nevertheless, no matter how Vasari exaggerated Florence’s importance, the city was a major center. It was wealthy particularly from the wool trade and through dominance in banking throughout Europe, and the city’s humanists early advised private and corporate patrons about the advantages to their reputations and to that of the city of commissioning art and architecture. Although in the 14th century, Florence was governed as a guild republic, and the major guilds commissioned most of the major works of art, by 1434, Cosimo de’ Medici rose to power, and thereafter except for brief intervals (1494–1512; 1527–1530), the Medici family controlled the city. In the mid-16th century, the family consolidated its power and ruled over all of Tuscany as grand dukes, and changed the nature of commissions to those flattering its rule.

Longevity and Some Causes of Death in Musicians of the 20th Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203
Author(s):  
G. M. Zharinov ◽  
A. I. Mikhalsky ◽  
N. Yu. Neklasova ◽  
V. N. Anisimov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Causes Of Death
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