Specific Microbial Taxa and Functional Capacity Contribute to Chicken Abdominal Fat Deposition

Genetically selected chickens with better growth and early maturation show an incidental increase in abdominal fat deposition (AFD). Accumulating evidence reveals a strong association between gut microbiota and adiposity. However, studies focusing on the role of gut microbiota in chicken obesity in conventional breeds are limited. Therefore, 400 random broilers with different levels of AFD were used to investigate the gut microbial taxa related to AFD by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of 76 representative samples, and to identify the specific microbial taxa contributing to fat-related metabolism using shotgun metagenomic analyses of eight high and low AFD chickens. The results demonstrated that the richness and diversity of the gut microbiota decrease as the accumulation of chicken abdominal fat increases. The decrease of Bacteroidetes and the increase of Firmicutes were correlated with the accumulation of chicken AFD. The Bacteroidetes phylum, including the genera Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and the species, B. salanitronis, B. fragilis, and P. distasonis, were correlated to alleviate obesity by producing secondary metabolites. Several genera of Firmicutes phylum with circulating lipoprotein lipase activity were linked to the accumulation of chicken body fat. Moreover, the genera, Olsenella and Slackia, might positively contribute to fat and energy metabolism, whereas the genus, Methanobrevibacter, was possible to enhance energy capture, and associated to accumulate chicken AFD. These findings provide insights into the roles of the gut microbiota in complex traits and contribute to the development of effective therapies for the reduction of chicken fat accumulation.

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Cecal Microbiota Modulates Fat Deposition in Muscovy Ducks

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.609348 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Wentao Lyu ◽

Xiuting Liu ◽

Lizhi Lu ◽

Bing Dai ◽

Wen Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Positive Association ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Abdominal Fat ◽

Fat Deposition ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Muscovy Ducks ◽

Cecal Microbiota ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing

Ducks with the same genetic background vary greatly in their adiposity phenotypes. The gut microbiota plays an essential role in host physiological development and metabolism including fat deposition. However, the association of the gut microbiota with the lipogenic phenotype of ducks remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the cecal microbiota of adult Muscovy ducks and the correlation of the cecal microbiota with fat phenotypes. A total of 200 Muscovy ducks were selected from a population of 5,000 Muscovy ducks to record their abdominal fat weight and collect their cecal contents after being slaughtered and defeathered. The cecal contents were subjective to DNA isolation and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results were sorted according to the percentage of abdominal fat and the top 20% (n = 40) and the bottom 20% (n = 40) were set as the high and low groups, respectively. Our results indicated that in the cecum of Muscovy ducks, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Fusobacteria were the predominant phyla while Bacteroides, Oscillospiraceae_uncultured, Parabacteroides, and Bacteroidales_norank were the top 4 dominant genera. Abdominal fat weight (18.57~138.10 g) and percentage of abdominal fat (1.02~27.12%) were significantly correlated (R2 = 0.92, P < 0.001). Although the lipogenic phenotypes of ducks had a significant difference (P < 0.05), the α-diversities of the high and low groups were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Nevertheless, after random forest analysis, we identified two genera, Treponema and Ruminococcus_torques_group, that were significantly associated with fat deposition in Muscovy ducks. In addition, the abundances of Treponema and Ruminococcus_torques_group gave a significantly negative and positive association with abdominal fat weight, respectively (P < 0.05). Ducks with a low level of Treponema exhibited a tendency toward a high percentage of abdominal fat (P < 0.01), while the percentage of abdominal fat in ducks with high Ruminococcus_torques_group abundance tended to be higher than that in ducks with low Ruminococcus_torques_group abundance (P < 0.01). These findings could provide the basic data on the cecal microbiota in Muscovy ducks as well as a theoretical foundation to limit the fat deposition by modulating the gut microbiota in the duck industry.

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Dietary Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methyl Butyrate Supplementation Inhibits Hepatic Fat Deposition via Regulating Gut Microbiota in Broiler Chickens

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms10010169 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 169

Author(s):

Shiyu Zhang ◽

Zhiyi Tang ◽

Changbing Zheng ◽

Yinzhao Zhong ◽

Jie Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Liver Lipid ◽

Strong Association ◽

Fat Deposition ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Hepatic Fat ◽

Methyl Butyrate

The present study is aimed to explore the effects of different dietary beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate (HMB) levels (0, 0.05%, 0.10%, or 0.15%) on liver lipid metabolism on Wenshi broiler chickens. Results showed that HMB reduced the liver weight as well as liver concentrations of triacylglycerol (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) (quadratically, p < 0.05), and the lowest values were observed in the 0.10% HMB group. Meanwhile, HMB supplementation significantly altered the expression levels of key genes related to lipid metabolism in the liver of broiler chickens (p < 0.05). Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that HMB supplementation could greatly change the richness, diversity, and composition of the broiler gut microbiota, and the Bacteroidetes relative abundance at the phylum level and the Alistipes relative abundance at the genus level were affected (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis further suggested a strong association between Bacteroidetes relative abundance and lipid metabolism-related parameters (p < 0.05). Together, these data suggest that 0.10% HMB supplementation could inhibit hepatic fat deposition via regulating gut microbiota in broilers.

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MiRNAs and mRNAs Analysis during Abdominal Preadipocyte Differentiation in Chickens

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10030468 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 468 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Xiangfei Ma ◽

Junwei Sun ◽

Shuaipeng Zhu ◽

Zhenwei Du ◽

Donghua Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Production Efficiency ◽

Target Genes ◽

Strong Association ◽

Abdominal Fat ◽

Signal Pathway ◽

Fat Deposition ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Receptor Interaction ◽

Signal Pathways ◽

Abdominal Fat Deposition

The excessive deposition of abdominal fat has become an important factor in restricting the production efficiency of chickens, so reducing abdominal fat deposition is important for improving growth rate. It has been proven that miRNAs play an important role in regulating many physiological processes of organisms. In this study, we constructed a model of adipogenesis by isolating preadipocytes (Ab-Pre) derived from abdominal adipose tissue and differentiated adipocytes (Ab-Ad) in vitro. Deep sequencing of miRNAs and mRNAs expressed in Ab-Pre and Ab-Ad groups was conducted to explore the effect of miRNAs and mRNAs on fat deposition. We identified 80 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) candidates, 58 of which were up-regulated and 22 down-regulated. Furthermore, six miRNAs and six mRNAs were verified by qRT-PCR, and the results showed that the expression of the DEMs and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the two groups was consistent with our sequencing results. When target genes of miRNA were combined with mRNA transcriptome data, a total of 891 intersection genes were obtained, we predicted the signal pathways of cross genes enrichment to the MAPK signal pathway, insulin signal pathway, fatty acid metabolism, and ECM–receptor interaction. Meanwhile, we constructed miRNA and negatively correlated mRNA target networks, including 12 miRNA–mRNAs pairs, which showed a strong association with the abdominal adipocyte differentiation (miR-214−ACSBG2, NFKB2, CAMK2A, ACLY, CCND3, PLK3, ITGB2; miR-148a-5p−ROCK2; miR-10a-5p−ELOVL5; miR-146b-5p−LAMA4; miR-6615-5p−FLNB; miR-1774−COL6A1). Overall, these findings provide a background for further research on lipid metabolism. Thus, we can better understand the molecular genetic mechanism of chicken abdominal fat deposition.

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Diversity, Composition and Functional Inference of Gut Microbiota in Indian Cabbage white Pieris canidia (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

Life ◽

10.3390/life10110254 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 254

Author(s):

Ying Wang ◽

Jianqing Zhu ◽

Jie Fang ◽

Li Shen ◽

Shuojia Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Adult Survival ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Life Stages ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Functional Inference ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Insect Fitness

We characterized the gut microbial composition and relative abundance of gut bacteria in the larvae and adults of Pieris canidia by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The gut microbiota structure was similar across the life stages and sexes. The comparative functional analysis on P. canidia bacterial communities with PICRUSt showed the enrichment of several pathways including those for energy metabolism, immune system, digestive system, xenobiotics biodegradation, transport, cell growth and death. The parameters often used as a proxy of insect fitness (development time, pupation rate, emergence rate, adult survival rate and weight of 5th instars larvae) showed a significant difference between treatment group and untreated group and point to potential fitness advantages with the gut microbiomes in P. canidia. These data provide an overall view of the bacterial community across the life stages and sexes in P. canidia.

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Proinflammatory cytokines and cardiac abnormalities in uncomplicated obesity: Relationship with abdominal fat deposition

Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.numecd.2006.01.001 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 294-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Alexis E. Malavazos ◽

Massimiliano M. Corsi ◽

Federica Ermetici ◽

Calin Coman ◽

Francesco Sardanelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽

Abdominal Fat ◽

Fat Deposition ◽

Cardiac Abnormalities ◽

Abdominal Fat Deposition

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Gut microbiota markers associated with obesity and overweight in Italian adults

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84928-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vanessa Palmas ◽

Silvia Pisanu ◽

Veronica Madau ◽

Emanuela Casula ◽

Andrea Deledda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Smoking Status ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Activity Level ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Illumina Platform ◽

Obesity And Overweight ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing

AbstractIn the present study, we characterized the distinctive signatures of the gut microbiota (GM) from overweight/obese patients (OB), and normal-weight controls (NW), both of Sardinian origin. Fecal bacterial composition of 46 OB patients (BMI = 36.6 ± 6.0; F/M = 40/6) was analyzed and compared to that of 46 NW subjects (BMI = 21.6 ± 2.1; F/M = 41/5), matched for sex, age and smoking status, by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing on MiSeq Illumina platform. The gut microbial community of OB patients exhibited a significant decrease in the relative abundance of several Bacteroidetes taxa (i.e. Flavobacteriaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Sphingobacteriaceae, Flavobacterium, Rikenella spp., Pedobacter spp., Parabacteroides spp., Bacteroides spp.) when compared to NW; instead, several Firmicutes taxa were significantly increased in the same subjects (Lachnospiraceae, Gemellaceae, Paenibacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Thermicanaceae, Gemella, Mitsuokella, Streptococcus, Acidaminococcus spp., Eubacterium spp., Ruminococcus spp., Megamonas spp., Streptococcus, Thermicanus, Megasphaera spp. and Veillonella spp.). Correlation analysis indicated that body fatness and waist circumference negatively correlated with Bacteroidetes taxa, while Firmicutes taxa positively correlated with body fat and negatively with muscle mass and/or physical activity level. Furthermore, the relative abundance of several bacterial taxa belonging to Enterobacteriaceae family, known to exhibit endotoxic activity, was increased in the OB group compared to NW. The results extend our knowledge on the GM profiles in Italian OB, identifying novel taxa linking obesity and intestine.

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Gut microbiota accelerates cisplatin-induced acute liver injury associated with robust inflammation and oxidative stress in mice

Journal of Translational Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12967-021-02814-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shenhai Gong ◽

Yinglin Feng ◽

Yunong Zeng ◽

Huanrui Zhang ◽

Meiping Pan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

16S Rrna ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Gene Sequencing ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Metabolomic Analysis ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background Gut microbiota has been reported to be disrupted by cisplatin, as well as to modulate chemotherapy toxicity. However, the precise role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of cisplatin hepatotoxicity remains unknown. Methods We compared the composition and function of gut microbiota between mice treated with and without cisplatin using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and via metabolomic analysis. For understanding the causative relationship between gut dysbiosis and cisplatin hepatotoxicity, antibiotics were administered to deplete gut microbiota and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed before cisplatin treatment. Results 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomic analysis showed that cisplatin administration caused gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice. Gut microbiota ablation by antibiotic exposure protected against the hepatotoxicity induced by cisplatin. Interestingly, mice treated with antibiotics dampened the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation and promoted nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 nuclear translocation, resulting in decreased levels of both inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver. FMT also confirmed the role of microbiota in individual susceptibility to cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity. Conclusions This study elucidated the mechanism by which gut microbiota mediates cisplatin hepatotoxicity through enhanced inflammatory response and oxidative stress. This knowledge may help develop novel therapeutic approaches that involve targeting the composition and metabolites of microbiota.

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Comparison between 16S rRNA and shotgun sequencing data for the taxonomic characterization of the gut microbiota

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82726-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Francesco Durazzi ◽

Claudia Sala ◽

Gastone Castellani ◽

Gerardo Manfreda ◽

Daniel Remondini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

16S Rrna ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

16S Rrna Gene ◽

Gene Sequencing ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Shotgun Sequencing ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Metagenomic Sequencing ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing

AbstractIn this paper we compared taxonomic results obtained by metataxonomics (16S rRNA gene sequencing) and metagenomics (whole shotgun metagenomic sequencing) to investigate their reliability for bacteria profiling, studying the chicken gut as a model system. The experimental conditions included two compartments of gastrointestinal tracts and two sampling times. We compared the relative abundance distributions obtained with the two sequencing strategies and then tested their capability to distinguish the experimental conditions. The results showed that 16S rRNA gene sequencing detects only part of the gut microbiota community revealed by shotgun sequencing. Specifically, when a sufficient number of reads is available, Shotgun sequencing has more power to identify less abundant taxa than 16S sequencing. Finally, we showed that the less abundant genera detected only by shotgun sequencing are biologically meaningful, being able to discriminate between the experimental conditions as much as the more abundant genera detected by both sequencing strategies.

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Infant Gut Microbiota Associated with Fine Motor Skills

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051673 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1673

Author(s):

Inmaculada Acuña ◽

Tomás Cerdó ◽

Alicia Ruiz ◽

Francisco J. Torres-Espínola ◽

Ana López-Moreno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Infant Development ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽

Gut Colonization ◽

Healthy Infants ◽

Behavioural Characteristics ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing

BACKGROUND: During early life, dynamic gut colonization and brain development co-occur with potential cross-talk mechanisms affecting behaviour. METHODS: We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to examine the associations between gut microbiota and neurodevelopmental outcomes assessed by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development III in 71 full-term healthy infants at 18 months of age. We hypothesized that children would differ in gut microbial diversity, enterotypes obtained by Dirichlet multinomial mixture analysis and specific taxa based on their behavioural characteristics. RESULTS: In children dichotomized by behavioural trait performance in above- and below-median groups, weighted Unifrac b-diversity exhibited significant differences in fine motor (FM) activity. Dirichlet multinomial mixture modelling identified two enterotypes strongly associated with FM outcomes. When controlling for maternal pre-gestational BMI and breastfeeding for up to 3 months, the examination of signature taxa in FM groups showed that Turicibacter and Parabacteroides were highly abundant in the below-median FM group, while Collinsella, Coprococcus, Enterococcus, Fusobacterium, Holdemanella, Propionibacterium, Roseburia, Veillonella, an unassigned genus within Veillonellaceae and, interestingly, probiotic Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were more abundant in the above-median FM group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest an association between enterotypes and specific genera with FM activity and may represent an opportunity for probiotic interventions relevant to treatment for motor disorders.

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Effects of Psychotropics on the Microbiome in Patients With Depression and Anxiety: Considerations in a Naturalistic Clinical Setting

The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology ◽

10.1093/ijnp/pyaa070 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yoshihiro Tomizawa ◽

Shunya Kurokawa ◽

Daiki Ishii ◽

Katsuma Miyaho ◽

Chiharu Ishii ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Microbial Diversity ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Shannon Index ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

The Impact ◽

Whole Tree

Abstract Background The antibacterial effects of psychotropics may be part of their pharmacological effects when treating depression. However, limited studies have focused on gut microbiota in relation to prescribed medication. Method We longitudinally investigated the relationship between patients’ prescribed medications and intestinal bacterial diversity in a naturalistic treatment course for patients with major depressive disorders and anxiety disorders. Patients were recruited and their stool was collected at 3 time points during their usual psychiatric treatments. Gut microbiota were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We examined the impact of psychotropics (i.e., antidepressants, anxiolytics, antipsychotics) on their gut microbial diversity and functions. Results We collected 246 stool samples from 40 patients. Despite no differences in microbial diversity between medication groups at the baseline, over the course of treatment, phylogenic diversity whole-tree diversity decreased in patients on antipsychotics compared with patients without (P = .027), and beta diversity followed this trend. Based on a fixed-effect model, antipsychotics predicted microbial diversity; the higher doses correlated with less diversity based on the Shannon index and phylogenic diversity whole tree (estimate = −0.00254, SE = 0.000595, P < .0001; estimate = −0.02644, SE = 0.00833, P = .002, respectively). Conclusion Antipsychotics may play a role in decreasing the alpha diversity of the gut microbiome among patients with depression and anxiety, and our results indicate a relationship with medication dosage. Future studies are warranted and should consider patients’ types and doses of antipsychotics in order to further elucidate the mechanisms of gut-brain interactions in psychiatric disorders.

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