Extracts of Amazonian Fungi With Larvicidal Activities Against Aedes aegypti

The global increase in diseases transmitted by the vector Aedes aegypti, new and re-emerging, underscores the need for alternative and more effective methods of controlling mosquitoes. Our aim was to identify fungal strains from the Amazon rain forest that produce metabolites with larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. Thirty-six fungal strains belonging to 23 different genera of fungi, isolated from water samples collected in the state of Amazonas, Brazil were cultivated. The liquid medium was separated from the mycelium by filtration. Medium fractions were extracted with ethyl acetate and isopropanol 9:1 volume:volume, and the mycelia with ethyl acetate and methanol 1:1. The extracts were vacuum dried and the larvicidal activity was evaluated in selective bioassays containing 500 μg/ml of the dried fungal extracts. Larval mortality was evaluated up to 72 h. None of the mycelium extracts showed larvicidal activity greater than 50% at 72 h. In contrast, 15 culture medium extracts had larvicidal activity equal to or greater than 50% and eight killed more than 90% of the larvae within 72 h. These eight extracts from fungi belonging to seven different genera (Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Trichoderma, Diaporthe, Albifimbria, Emmia, and Sarocladium) were selected for the determination of LC50 and LC90. Albifimbria lateralis (1160) medium extracts presented the lowest LC50 value (0.268 μg/ml) after 24 h exposure. Diaporthe ueckerae (1203) medium extracts presented the lowest value of LC90 (2.928 μg/ml) at 24 h, the lowest values of LC50 (0.108 μg/ml) and LC90 (0.894 μg/ml) at 48 h and also at 72 h (LC50 = 0.062 μg/ml and LC90 = 0.476 μg/ml). Extracts from Al. lateralis (1160) and D. ueckerae (1203) showed potential for developing new, naturally derived products, to be applied in integrated vector management programs against Ae. aegypti.

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Screening of Different Extracts of Marine Macro Green Algae for Larvicidal Activity against Dengue Fever Mosquito, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culiadae)

International Letters of Natural Sciences ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.62.44 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 62 ◽

pp. 44-51

Author(s):

G. Adaikala Raj ◽

M. Jayaraman ◽

S. Krishnamoorthy ◽

M. Chandrasekaran ◽

V. Venkatesalu

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Green Algae ◽

Larvicidal Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Control Agent ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Mosquito Vector ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extracts

The present study larvicidal activities of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol extracts of Halimeda macroloba, Decsne, Caulerpa racemosa (Frosk) Weber-Van-Bosses and Ulva lactuca Lin, (Chlorophyceae) against Aedes aegypti. The marine macro green algae extracts were tested against early 4th instar larvae of A. aegypti using WHO protocol and concentrations of 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 ppm. The observed mortality was made 24 and 48 h after treatment, data was subjected to probit analysis to determine the lethal concentration (LC50 and LC90) of the treated larvae of the tested species.Among the tested extracts the maximum efficicacy was observed in the ethyl acetate extracts. The ethyl acetate extracts of the seaweeds showed the presence of terpenoids, tannins and phenolic compounds stronger than the other extracts. The results revealed that all the extracts showed varied levels of larvicidal activity against A. aegypti tested. However, the ethyl acetate extract of C. racemosa showed remarkable larvicidal activity against A. aegypti (LC50=579.9 and LC90=1255.4 ppm values at 24 h and LC50 =495.4 and LC90 =1073.9 ppm at 48 h) followed by U. lactuca (LC50=588.1 and LC90=1290.7 ppm values at 24 h, and LC50= 530.8 and LC90= 1160.0 ppm at 48 h), respectively. The lowest larval mortality was observed with hexane extract of H. macroloba against A. aegypti with values of LC50=1116.8 and LC90= 1824.5 ppm (after 24 h) and LC50=1059.9 and LC90=1768.3 ppm (after 24 h). The present studies indicate that the larvicidal activity and phytochemicals derived from the ethyl acetate extract of C. racemosa have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach and effective mosquito vector control agent.

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Antioxidant and Larvicidal Activities of Tephrosia Egregia Sandw against Aedes Aegypti

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0900400417 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 1934578X0900400 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ângela M. C. Arriaga ◽

Jefferson Q. Lima ◽

Jackson N. E Vasconcelos ◽

Maria C. F. de Oliveira ◽

Telma L. G. Lemos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Larvicidal Activity ◽

Hexane Extract ◽

High Antioxidant Activity ◽

Larvicidal Activities ◽

Low Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extracts

The antioxidant and larvicidal activities of Tephrosia egregia extracts and its major component, dehydrorotenone, were studied. High antioxidant activity was found for dehydrorotenone and methanol and ethyl acetate extracts from roots and stems, respectively. Among the tested extracts, the hexane extract from stems showed potent larvicidal activity (LC50 12.88 ± 0.64) while low activity was found for dehydrorotenone.

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Larvicidal Impact of Some Local Medicinal Plant Extracts Against Aedes Aegypti (L.)

Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh Science ◽

10.3329/jasbs.v44i1.46546 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 61-67

Author(s):

MG Sharower ◽

MA Latif

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Fourth Instar ◽

Acetone Extract ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽

Larvicidal Activities

The larvicidal potential of different solvent (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol) crude leaf extracts of five plants (Blepharis maderaspatensis, Elaeagnus indica, Maesa indica, Phyllanthus wightianus and Memecylon edule) were tested against the fourth-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. All the tested extracts showed moderate to good larvicidal activities. However, the maximum larval mortality was detected in acetone extract of E. indica (LC50 90.89, LC90 217.21 and LC99 441.88 ppm) followed by M. indica acetone extract (LC50 173.21, LC90 289.86 and LC99 441.04 ppm). The results revealed that larvicidal properties of the four selected plants and encourages further investigation for the bioactive compounds that might possess good larvicidal properties in pure form. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 44(1): 61-67, June 2018

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Larvicidal Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Derris elliptica Root against the Third-instar Larvae of Cypermethrin-Resistant Aedes aegypti Offspring

Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases ◽

10.18502/jad.v14i4.5276 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sayono Sayono ◽

Risyandi Anwar ◽

Didik Sumanto

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Larvicidal Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Laboratory Strain ◽

The Third ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Four Levels ◽

Third Instar Larvae

Background: Derris elliptica extracts have a high larvicidal potential against the laboratory strain of Aedes aegypti larvae, but the effect on offspring larvae of pyrethroid-resistant strains of the species is lack understood. This study aimed to determine the larvicidal activity of the ethyl acetate extract of tuba root against the third-instar larvae of the Cypermethrin-resistant Ae. aegypti offspring. Methods: The experimental study occupied four levels of ethyl acetate extract of D. elliptica namely 10, 25, 50, and 100 ppm, and each level was four times replicated. As many as twenty of healthy third-instar larvae, offspring of Cypermethrin-resistant Ae. aegypti were subjected to each experiment group. Larval mortality rate and lethal concentration 50% subject (LC50) were calculated after 24 and 48 hours of exposure time. Results: Mortality of larvae increased directly proportional to the increase of extract concentration. Larval mortality rates after 24 and 48 hours of exposure were 40–67.5% and 62.5–97.5%, and LC50 were 34.945 and 6.461ppm, respectively. Conclusion: The ethyl acetate extract of D. elliptica has the high effectiveness larvicidal potential against the thirdinstar larvae, offspring of the Cypermethrin-resistant Ae. aegypti. Isolation of the specific compound is necessarily done to obtain the active ingredient for larvicide formulation.

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Momordica charantia L. extracts against Aedes aegypti larvae

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.236498 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 82 ◽

Author(s):

L. M. P. Mituiassu ◽

M. T. Serdeiro ◽

R. R. B. T. Vieira ◽

L. S. Oliveira ◽

M. Maleck

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Larvicidal Activity ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

High Toxicity ◽

The Third ◽

Low Toxicity ◽

Aegypti Population ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Abstract Mormodica charantia (Curcubitaceae) is a plant with great medicinal potential, also used as an alternative of mosquitoes control as demonstrated by previous studies. We evaluated the larvicidal activity of crude extracts of ethyl acetate, methanol and hexane from flowers and fruits of M. charantia against Aedes aegypti (Culicidae). Flowers and fruits were macerated in methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane. Bioassays were performed with application of the extracts at final concentrations of 1 - 200 µg/mL in the middle of the third instar larvae of A. aegypti (L3). The results showed high toxicity to ethyl acetate extracts from flowers and fruits at concentrations of 200 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL, with 97% and 87% of larvae mortality (L3), respectively. Hexane extract demonstrated low toxicity, while methanol extract exhibited 78% larval mortality. The data suggested that the ethyl acetate extracts of flowers and fruits of M. charantia can effectively contribute to larvicidal activity. In addition, purification of M. charantia extracts may lead to a promising larvicidal activity to control the A. aegypti population.

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AKTIVITAS LARVISIDAL EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT DAN HEKSANA DARI FILTRAT Beauveria bassiana TERHADAP Aedes aegypti

BERITA BIOLOGI ◽

10.14203/beritabiologi.v18i3.3618 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

Author(s):

I Nyoman Pugeg Aryantha ◽

Wahyu Setyaji Dwiantara

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Larvicidal Activity ◽

Control Agent ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Hexane Extract ◽

Potato Dextrose Broth ◽

Synthetic Pesticides ◽

Biological Insect Control

Beauveria bassiana produces several metabolites that are toxic to insects so that it can be used as a biological insect control agent as an alternative to synthetic pesticides. The aim of this study was to determine the larvicidal activity of ethyl acetate and hexane extract from B. bassiana filtrate culture against Aedes aegypti 2nd instar larvae. This research was it cooked by determining the optimum age of spore inoculum of B. bassiana on the Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) based on the number of spores and its viability. Afterwards, we determine the incubation time of B. bassiana in the Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) in order to obtain filtrate culture which have highest mortality effects against Ae. aegypti 2nd instar larvae. B. bassiana filtrate culture was extracted with hexane and ethyl acetate and tested aegypti for larvicidal activity with a concentration range of 50, 100, 200, 300 ppm. The LC50 value was carried out by probit analysis. The results showed that ninth day old culture in the PDA was the optimum age of spore inoculum with the spore number and viability were 2.54 x 107 spore/mL and 93.46% respectively. The filtrate of sixth day old culture in PDB medium gave 100% mortality against 2nd instar Ae. Aegypti larvae. LC50 values of ethyl acetate and hexane extract were 117.28 dan 287.09 ppm. These results showed that the ethyl acetate and hexane extract of B. bassiana filtrate culture have biopesticide potential against 2nd instar Ae. aegypti larvae.

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Larvicidal Effect of Vinca Fruit Extract (Vinca rosea) Against Aedes aegypti Larvae and Secondary Metabolites Profile by Thin Layer Chromatography

Biology Medicine & Natural Product Chemistry ◽

10.14421/biomedich.2014.31.31-33 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

Rahmawati Ekaputri ◽

Sudarsono Sudarsono ◽

Budi Mulyaningsih

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Thin Layer ◽

Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

Larvicidal Activity ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Mosquito Vector ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Vinca Rosea ◽

Layer Chromatography

Background: Vinca rosea is known contain alkaloids, it was usually used to treat various diseases. Alkaloids from Vinca leaves are also already known have larvicidal activity. Based on this toxicological activity, the fruit of Vinca rosea was selected to investigation its larvicidal activity against the 3rd instar larvae of the mosquito vector of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) Aedes aegypti. Five concentrations of Vinca fruit extract were tested against the 3rd instar Aedes aegypti larvae. The different larval mortality percentages were recorded after 24 hours. Lethal concentration (LC50 anf LC90) of Vinca fruit extract were calculated using Probit analysis. Phytochemical compounds of ethanolic extract also investigated using Thin layer Chromatography (TLC). LC50 and LC90 values of fruit extract were 2.987 mg/ml and 32.861 mg/ml. Alkaloids were detected in extract.

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EFFECT OF Gliricidia sepium LEAVES EXTRACTS ON Aedes aegypti: LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY

Journal of Phytology ◽

10.19071/jp.2015.v7.2898 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 26 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Krishnaveni K.V. ◽

ThaiyalNayaki R. ◽

Balasubramanian, G M*.

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Larvicidal Activity ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

High Rate ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Health Significance

Mosquitoes are the single most important group of insects in terms of public health significance and causing diseases. They are the vectors for the transmission of many viral pathogens and pose serious threat to human health. Chemical insecticides are widely used but they are non-selective and harmful to beneficial organisms. In the present study G. Sepium leaves extracts were used to analyse its effect against Aedes aegypti, to compare the mortality rate while using different solvent extracts of the leaf, to identify the solvent extract which give high rate of larval mortality and to characterise the compounds present in the corresponding leaf extract using phytochemical analysis. The ethanolic extract of G. sepium leaves constitute flavanoids, steroids, glycoside, carbohydrate and saponins compound. Thus it was found to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of larvae than other solvent extracts. In the statistical analysis highest significant difference was observed between 1.5g/l and 2.0g/l concentration of ethanolic extract and other extracts. However no significant difference was observed in other concentrations. The larvicidal activity of the plant extract may be attributed to the presence of active compounds like terpinoids, saponins and steroids.

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High larvicidal efficacy of yeast-encapsulated orange oil against Aedes aegypti strains from Brazil

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-021-04733-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bruno Gomes ◽

Huarlen Ogélio ◽

Fabiane Brant ◽

Camila Jesus Pereira-Pinto ◽

Michael J. Workman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Larvicidal Activity ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Natural Light ◽

Orange Oil ◽

Laboratory Conditions ◽

Alternative Intervention ◽

Highly Active ◽

Vector Management ◽

Belo Horizonte

Abstract Background Botanical substances such as essential oils (EOs) have demonstrated insecticidal properties and are a valid option for vector control. However, free EOs are unreliable as mosquito larvicides due their easy degradation by environmental exposure to ultraviolet light and higher temperatures. Here, we assessed the efficacy of a mosquito larvicide based on orange oil in a yeast-based delivery system against Aedes aegypti strains with different resistance status towards chemical neurotoxic insecticides. This larvicide preparation was physicochemically characterized in a previous report. Methods Larvae of four Ae. aegypti strains from different regions of Brazil and different resistance profiles for deltamethrin (pyrethroid) and temephos (organophosphate) were tested against yeast-encapsulated orange oil (YEOO) in laboratory conditions for measurement of LC50 and LC90 values. The same assays were performed with the Belo Horizonte strain under environmental conditions (natural light and temperature). The resistance profiles of these strains were compared to the Rockefeller reference strain in all conditions. Results YEOO was found to be a highly active larvicide (LC50 < 50 mg/L) against all Ae. aegypti strains tested in both laboratory conditions (LC50 = 8.1–24.7 mg/L) and environmental conditions with natural light and temperature fluctuation (LC50 = 20.0–49.9 mg/L). Moreover, all strains were considered susceptible (RR < 5) to YEOO, considering resistance ratios calculated based on the Rockefeller strain. The resistance ratios were only higher than 2.5 for LC90–95 of Belo Horizonte in the laboratory, probably due the higher heterogeneity associated with older egg papers (> 5 months). Conclusion YEOO demonstrates high larvicidal activity against Ae. aegypti strains with resistant phenotypes for deltamethrin (PY) and temephos (OP). This larvicidal activity suggests the potential for the development of YEOO as an alternative intervention to synthetic insecticides in integrated vector management programs, for populations with resistance to commonly used insecticides. Graphic Abstract

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New Purinyl-Steroid and Other Constituents from the Marine Fungus Penicillium brefeldianum ABC190807: Larvicidal Activities against Aedes aegypti

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2021/6640552 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Zong-Min Hou ◽

Sen-Quan Yu ◽

Min Tao ◽

Cai-Bei Xia ◽

Yu-Lian Xia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Larvicidal Activity ◽

2D Nmr ◽

Marine Fungus ◽

Mangrove Sediment ◽

Health Issues ◽

Etoac Extract ◽

The Third ◽

Larvicidal Activities ◽

Third Instar Larvae

Mosquitoes historically threatened human health; the major mosquito-related global health issues include malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, and Zika, as well as several other vector-borne outbreaks. Here, the EtOAc extract of the mangrove sediment fungus Penicillium brefeldianum ABC190807 exerted larvicidal activities against the third instar larvae of Aedes aegypti with an LC50 of 0.089 mg/mL. One new purinyl-steroid (ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl) (1)), along with six (2–7) known compounds, were isolated from the EtOAc extract of Penicillium brefeldianum ABC190807. Structures of the compounds were elucidated via 1D/2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS data. Respective spectral data were compared with those of known compounds. Among all compounds whose larvicidal activity against the third instar larvae of Aedes aegypti was evaluated, compounds 2 and 7 showed larvicidal activity with respective LC50 values of 0.452 and 0.337 mg/mL.

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