scholarly journals Propionic Acid and Sodium Benzoate Affected Biogenic Amine Formation, Microbial Community, and Quality of Oat Silage

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Jia ◽  
Ying Yun ◽  
Zhu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Biogenic Amine ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Boot Stage

Investigating the microbial communities and biogenic amine (BA) formation in silage is of vital for improving the quality and safety of oat silage. The present study evaluated the effects of propionic acid (P) and sodium benzoate (SB) on the quality properties, microbial communities, and BA formation in oat silage. Oat was harvested at boot stage and ensiled using P and SB as additives in mini silos, followed by 14 days of aerobic exposure. The results showed that P and SB improved fermentation quality of oat silage, increased the lactic acid content, and decreased pH value and ammonia nitrogen content. Putrescine, cadaverine, and tyramine were the dominant BAs in oat silage; spermidine and spermine were not detected. The control silage had the highest content of total biogenic amine (TBA, 2506.7 mg kg–1 DM), and decreased by 51.1 and 57.7% after adding P and SB, respectively. Moreover, a lower putrescine, cadaverine, and tyramine content and undesirable microbes, such as Caproiciproducens, Stenotrophomonas, Herbinix, and Enterobacter genera, were observed in P and SB silages, which was beneficial for oat silage quality. The fungal community of P silage was dominated by Monascus fuliginosus, and the temperature, pH and ammonia nitrogen content increased after exposure to air. Sedimentibacter, Herbinix, Caproiciproducens, Enterobacter, and Escherichia-Shigella were found to be positively correlated with BA formation in oat silage. Overall, P and SB effectively inhibit the undesirable microbes and BA formation in oat silage, the P silage exhibited lower aerobic stability than the SB silage.

scholarly journals Evaluation of fermentation quality of brewers' grains ensiled in combination with malt sprouts and chemical conservation additive

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 227-234
Author(s):  
Ivo Vyskočil ◽  
Petr Doležal ◽  
Jan Doležal ◽  
Václav Pyrochta ◽  
Libor Kalhotka
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Acetic Acid Production ◽  
Chemical Additive ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Malt Sprout

The aim of the work was to evaluate the effect of addition of humidity absorbent (malt sprouts) and chemical conservation additive on fermentation process quality of brewer grains’ silage. Chemical conservation additive was based on formic acid, propionic acid, benzoic acid and ammonium formate content. In a model experiment the fresh brewer grains were used. A dry matter (DM) content of brewer grains was 187.4 g / kg. Six treatments with three repetitions per treatment were prepared. The treatments A1, A2 and A3 were not supplied by humidity absorbent. Treatment A1 was a control treatment without any additive. The treatments A2 and A3 were supplied by chemical conservation additive in a dose of 3 L per tonne and 6 L per tonne, respectively. The treatments B1, B2 and B3 were supplied by malt sprouts to reach DM content of conserved matter on level 320–350 g / kg. Moreover the treatments B2 and B3 were supplied by chemical additive with its dose 3 and 6 L per tonne. Model silages were evaluated after 8 months of conservation at average laboratory temperature 26–28  °C, from each treatment were the final laboratory samples taken and analyzed. During conservation of treatments B1, B2 and B3 were no drain recognized. From A1 treatment drained 1300 ml of waste fluid that is 145 L per tonne of conserved matter. That was significant (P < 0.01) the malt sprouts addition support the lactic acid production and eliminate acetic acid production. There was no propionic acid or butyric acid detected in silages with malt sprouts event in these silages were analyzed higher (P < 0.01) concentration of ammoniac. Chemical additive supplementation improved (P < 0.01) the pH value and water leach acidity. The results show the malt sprout addition eliminates waste fluid drain and improves fermentation process. The higher concentration of chemical additive (6 l / t) inhibited the fermentation process in our model experiment.

Studies on Treatment of Waste Fountain Solution from Sheet-Fed Offset Printing

2015 ◽  
Vol 731 ◽  
pp. 321-324
Author(s):  
Lian Fang Li ◽  
Wei Min Wang ◽  
Chang Xing Liao ◽  
Yi Yi Zhou ◽  
Jia Hao Gong
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Offset Printing ◽  
Calcium Hypochlorite ◽  
Oxidation Treatment ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Polyaluminium Chloride

This article explores treatment method of waste fountain solution from sheet-fed offset printing. First calcium chlorate is used to have a oxidation treatment for the waste water, then it is dealt with composite coagulants polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and cation polyacrylamide (CPAM) under different pH value. The results show that quality of the waste fountain solution could reach the national second-grade standard of sewage comprehensive discharge through the above treatment (GB 8978--1996) when treating with 0.7 g/L calcium hypochlorite and then sinking with PAC 4.0 g/L, CPAM 75.0 mg/L under the pH value of 8.0 for about 10 minutes. With the optimum treatment conditions removal rates of COD, ammonia nitrogen, phosphate and hexavalent chromium are above 90%, 94%, near to 98% and above 99% respectively.

Some Observations on Rubbers with Low Nitrogen Content

1929 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-440
Author(s):  
A. D. Cummings ◽  
L. B. Sebrell
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Slight Modification ◽  
Colorimetric Determination ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Acetone Extraction ◽  
Coagulation Protein ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

Abstract Rubber has been prepared protein-free, although not entirely nitrogen-free, by digesting latex with caustic soda, as recommended by Pummerer and Pahl. Rubbers with a nitrogen content of from 0.004–0.0096 per cent have been prepared by a slight modification of the original procedure. This rubber can be compounded and cured to give good quality vulcanizates, which compare very favorably with the controls. Protein-free rubber, when acetone-extracted, becomes nitrogen-free. This can still be vulcanized, although it cures slowly. The rate of cure of rubber from protein-free latex is affected very little by the pH of the coagulating medium whereas with full-nitrogen rubber rate of cure varies considerably with change in pH value at the time of coagulation. It was also found that protein-free rubber could be racked. Data on the preparation, coagulation and nitrogen content as well as the vulcanization results of protein-free rubber are presented. The observations lead to the conclusion that protein is not the key to the explanation of the physical properties of rubber. Rubber cannot be prepared absolutely nitrogen-free by the method of Pummerer and Pahl, even though the treatment of the latex with caustic is continued twice as long as they recommend. The residual 0.004 to 0.009 per cent of nitrogen is not protein nitrogen, since it is removable by acetone extraction and the amount of nitrogen falls so low as to be unmeasurable with accuracy by the exact method used in this research—i. e., colorimetric determination with Nessler???s solution. The authors note with satisfaction that Pummerer has come to exactly the same conclusion. Comparison of the results of vulcanizing protein-free rubber with those of the controls and with the results of the previous research shows that the rate of cure is constant under different conditions of coagulation and that the quality of the nitrogen-poor vulcanizates compares very well with the controls and with the earlier mentioned work described by Dinsmore. It appears, therefore, that the variation in cure and quality as noted by Dinsmore was due entirely to some particular condition of the rubber protein brought about by the varying pH values existing at the time of coagulation. Protein-free rubber, after acetone extraction, is practically nitrogen-free and cures slowly to give vulcanizates of lower quality than is obtained with the protein-free rubber. It should be remembered, however, that, as stated above, this effect may not be due entirely to the absence of nitrogen. Definite conclusions on this phase of the question must be withheld until more experiments are made. The evidence presented shows that protein-free rubber can be compounded and cured to give good quality products. Hence the protein is not an essential factor in producing the physical properties of vulcanized rubber. The condition of the protein does affect the rate of cure and so exerts an indirect effect upon the quality of the rubber.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Investigation on Bacterial Diversity and Fermentation Quality of High-Moisture Alfalfa Silage Prepared with Biochar

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1971
Author(s):  
Xiang Guo ◽  
Mingyang Zheng ◽  
Shuo Wu ◽  
Xuan Zou ◽  
Xiaoyang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Nonprotein Nitrogen ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Alfalfa Silage

The fermentation quality of alfalfa silage is poor but can be improved with additives. This study investigates the effects of biochar on the fermentation quality and bacterial diversity of high-moisture alfalfa silage. Alfalfa was treated with: (i) control without additive (CK); (ii) 1% biochar (1% carbon C); (iii) 2% biochar (2% C), and fermented for 15 or 30 d. Mixing alfalfa with biochar significantly decreased (p < 0.05) pH, the number of coliform bacteria, nonprotein nitrogen content, and ammonia–nitrogen content, and significantly increased the contents of dry matter, lactic acid, and true protein. The addition of biochar also influenced bacterial community distribution. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Enterococcus increased while the abundance of Pantoea decreased with biochar treatment. In conclusion, alfalfa silage’s fermentation quality and microbial community structure are improved by adding biochar from the pyrolysis of waste furniture.

scholarly journals Effect of 3-Aminobenzoic Acid Ethyl Ester Methanesulfonate (MS-222) on Quality of Marine Cultured Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) during Simulated Transport in Water

Fishes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Jie Cao ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Jun Mei ◽  
Jing Xie
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Scophthalmus Maximus ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aminobenzoic Acid ◽  
Transport Stress ◽  
Turbot Scophthalmus Maximus

This study evaluated the effect of different concentrations (20, 40 and 60 mg/L) of 3-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester methanesulfonate (MS-222) on the quality changes in turbot during simulated transport in water. The results showed that the ammonia nitrogen content in the transportation water of each sample increased significantly, and the dissolved oxygen level decreased. The dissolved oxygen content in MS-222-treated samples was higher than that of control group (CK) samples. For turbot flesh quality, simulated transport in water led to a decrease in moisture, fat and protein contents in all samples. The MS-222-treated turbot samples showed higher pH values, glycogen contents, springiness and chewiness values and lower lactic acid contents comparing with the CK samples during simulated transport in water. In addition, the fresh and bitter amino acids in the muscle of turbot increased in each treatment group compared to the non-transported fish at the end of the simulated transport. The results showed that MS-222 treatment could retard the turbot transport stress and improve the quality of turbot during simulated transport in water.

scholarly journals Analysis of Quality of Backyard Compost and Its Potential Utilization as a Circular Bio-Waste Source

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4392
Author(s):  
Apolka Ujj ◽  
Kinga Percsi ◽  
Andras Beres ◽  
Laszlo Aleksza ◽  
Fernanda Ramos Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Seed Dispersion ◽  
Materials Used

The use and quality analysis of household compost have become very important issues in recent years due to the increasing interest in local food production and safe, self-produced food. The phenomenon was further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine period, which gave new impetus to the growth of small home gardens. However, the knowledge associated with making high-quality compost is often lacking in home gardeners. Therefore, the objective of this research was to find answers to the following questions: can the quality of backyard compost be considered safe in terms of toxicity and nutrient content? Can weed seed dispersion affect the usability of backyard compost? In general, can the circulation of organic matter be increased with the spread of home composting? In this study, 16 different house composts were analysed for stability, weed seed contamination, toxic elements, and nutrient content using analysis of variance. The results of the research showed that the quality properties of the composts (including their weed seed dispersion effect) were greatly influenced by the different techniques and raw materials used. The toxicity levels, as well as the content of macro and microelements, were within the parameters of safe-quality compost. The specific macronutrient (Ca, Mg) and micronutrient (Fe, Mn) contents of the tested composts have a similar and, in some cases, more favorable nutrient supply capacity in crop production than the frequently-used cow manure-based composts. With a plan of basic education on composting, there is potential to encourage farmyard composting.

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