scholarly journals Microbial Diversity Analysis and Genome Sequencing Identify Xanthomonas perforans as the Pathogen of Bacterial Leaf Canker of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatic)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Hu ◽  
Chuhao Li ◽  
Xiaofan Zhou ◽  
Yang Xue ◽  
Si Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rot ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Diseased Leaf ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
Xanthomonas Perforans ◽  
Ipomoea Aquatic

Ipomoea aquatica is a leafy vegetable widely cultivated in tropical Asia, Africa, and Oceania. Bacterial leaf canker disease has been attacking the planting fields and seriously affecting the quality of I. aquatica in epidemic areas in China. This study examined the microbial composition of I. aquatica leaves with classical symptoms of spot disease. The results showed that Xanthomonas was overwhelmingly dominant in all four diseased leaf samples but rarely present in rhizospheric soil or irrigation water samples. In addition, Pantoea was also detected in two of the diseased leaf samples. Pathogen isolation, identification, and inoculation revealed that both Xanthomonas sp. TC2-1 and P. ananatis were pathogenic to the leaves of I. aquatic, causing crater-shaped ulcerative spots and yellowing with big brown rot lesions on leaves, respectively. We further sequenced the whole genome of strain TC2-1 and showed that it is a member of X. perforans. Overall, this study identified X. perforans as the causal pathogen of I. aquatica bacterial leaf canker, and P. ananatis as a companion pathogen causing yellowing and brown rot on leaves. The correct identification of the pathogens will provide important basis for future efforts to formulate targeted application strategy for bacterial disease control.

scholarly journals Analysis of Sequenced Genomes of Xanthomonas perforans Identifies Candidate Targets for Resistance Breeding in Tomato

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (10) ◽  
pp. 1097-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujan Timilsina ◽  
Peter Abrahamian ◽  
Neha Potnis ◽  
Gerald V. Minsavage ◽  
Frank F. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Effector Protein ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Bacterial Spot ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Xanthomonas Perforans ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Pathogen Populations ◽  
Race 4

Bacterial disease management is a challenge for modern agriculture due to rapid changes in pathogen populations. Genome sequences for hosts and pathogens provide detailed information that facilitates effector-based breeding strategies. Tomato genotypes have gene-for-gene resistance to the bacterial spot pathogen Xanthomonas perforans. The bacterial spot populations in Florida shifted from tomato race 3 to 4, such that the corresponding tomato resistance gene no longer recognizes the effector protein AvrXv3. Genome sequencing showed variation in effector profiles among race 4 strains collected in 2006 and 2012 and compared with a race 3 strain collected in 1991. We examined variation in putative targets of resistance among Florida strains of X. perforans collected from 1991 to 2006. Consistent with race change, avrXv3 was present in race 3 strains but nonfunctional in race 4 strains due to multiple independent mutations. Effectors xopJ4 and avrBs2 were unchanged in all strains. The effector avrBsT was absent in race 3 strains collected in the 1990s but present in race 3 strains collected in 2006 and nearly all race 4 strains. These changes in effector profiles suggest that xopJ4 and avrBsT are currently the best targets for resistance breeding against bacterial spot in tomato.

Cultivar-specific differences in heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) concentrations in water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic ‘Forsk’) grown on metal-contaminated soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 386 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 251-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
BaoYan He ◽  
Ling Ling ◽  
LuYin Zhang ◽  
MengRun Li ◽  
QuSheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Ipomoea Aquatic ◽  
Heavy Metal Cd

scholarly journals Screening of Citrus Cultivars Against Citrus Canker and Its Allelopathic Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Alternative Management ◽  
Integrated Management System ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Great Potency

Citrus canker is the most devastating bacterial disease. In Pakistan, where canker is endemic, cultural practices and chemical control is vital module of integrated management system. But due to non-prudent use of chemicals wicked impacts start to appear on human health and environment there was need of some alternative management which should be eco-friendly and has no adverse effect for human. Therefore, our present study was based on screening of different cultivars of citrus and allelopathic management of citrus canker. The results revealed that Cara cara navel and kinnow both performed as moderately susceptible response in field condition than all other cultivars of citrus in screening experiment. Consequently, disease incidence was observed increasing by increasing the lesion area and these cultivars can be suggested as a source of resistance against canker pathogen. In allelopathic management we observed that ethanolic extracts were more efficient than aqueous extracts and their efficacy was also increasing by increasing the concentration. Ethanolic extracts of jatropha (13.33cm) followed by amaltas (12.5cm), Arjun (11.13cm), Bougenvilla (7.21cm) have great potency against the pathogen. So these ethanolic extracts can be used as good and alternative management of citrus canker disease.

Association Between Early-Stage Juveniles of Sailfin Catfish (Pterygoplichthys, Loricariidae) and Floating Hydrophytes: Behaviour Supports Species Dispersal?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh Trung Tran ◽  
Vinh Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Tuan Anh Hoang ◽  
Thanh Nam Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
River System ◽  
Species Dispersal ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Stage Juvenile ◽  
Ipomoea Aquatic ◽  
Bottom Sampling ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

Abstract The vertical distribution of early-stage juvenile sailfin catfish (Pterygoplichthys, Loricariidae), an invasive species, were investigated in littoral habitats and the center of channel with floating hydrophytes from the Red River system in Vietnam. Sailfin catfish were sampled from the upper water column with associated floating hydrophytes of the invasive water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and native water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic) and the bottom using hand nets (2-mm mesh sizes). Significantly higher numbers of early-stage juveniles were associated with floating hydrophytes compared to bottom sampling. The association between early stages of sailfin catfishes and floating hydrophytes, especially the free-floating invasive water hyacinth, supports the potential mechanism in the dispersal of an invasive fish.

scholarly journals Screening of Heavy Metal-Immobilizing Bacteria and Its Effect on Reducing Cd2+ and Pb2+ Concentrations in Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatic Forsk.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiejun Wang ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Wei Tian ◽  
Lunguang Yao ◽  
Yadong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Rhizosphere Soils ◽  
Microbial Resources ◽  
Heavy Pollution ◽  
Ipomoea Aquatic ◽  
Bacillus Thuringensis ◽  
Strong Ability

Microbial immobilization is considered as a novel and environmentally friendly technology that uses microbes to reduce heavy metals accumulation in plants. To explore microbial resources which are useful in these applications, three water spinach rhizosphere soils polluted by different levels of heavy metals (heavy pollution (CQ), medium pollution (JZ), and relative clean (NF)) were collected. The community composition of heavy metal-immobilizing bacteria in rhizosphere soils and its effects on reducing the Cd2+ and Pb2+ concentrations in water spinach were evaluated. Four hundred strains were isolated from the CQ (belonging to 3 phyla and 14 genera), JZ (belonging to 4 phyla and 25 genera) and NF (belonged to 6 phyla and 34 genera) samples, respectively. In the CQ sample, 137 strains showed a strong ability to immobilize Cd2+ and Pb2+, giving Cd2+ and Pb2+ removal rates of greater than 80% in solution; Brevundimonas, Serratia, and Pseudoarthrobacter were the main genera. In total, 62 strains showed a strong ability to immobilize Cd2+ and Pb2+ in the JZ sample and Bacillus and Serratia were the main genera. A total of 22 strains showed a strong ability to immobilize Cd2+ and Pb2+ in the NF sample, and Bacillus was the main genus. Compared to the control, Enterobacter bugandensis CQ-7, Bacillus thuringensis CQ-33, and Klebsiella michiganensis CQ-169 significantly increased the dry weight (17.16–148%) of water spinach and reduced the contents of Cd2+ (59.78–72.41%) and Pb2+ (43.36–74.21%) in water spinach. Moreover, the soluble protein and Vc contents in the shoots of water spinach were also significantly increased (72.1–193%) in the presence of strains CQ-7, CQ-33 and CQ-169 compared to the control. In addition, the contents of Cd and Pb in the shoots of water spinach meet the standard for limit of Cd2+ and Pb2+ in vegetables in the presence of strains CQ-7, CQ-33 and CQ-169. Thus, the results provide strains as resources and a theoretical basis for the remediation of Cd- and Pb-contaminated farmlands for the safe production of vegetables.

Feasibility of using pretreated swine wastewater for production of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic Forsk.) in a hydroponic system

2020 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
pp. 105856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Entao Jin ◽  
Leipeng Cao ◽  
Shuyu Xiang ◽  
Wenguang Zhou ◽  
Roger Ruan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Ipomoea Aquatic

Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic Forsk.) reduced the absorption of heavy metals in an in vitro bio-mimicking model system

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 3862-3866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ui-Jeong Yang ◽  
So-Ra Yoon ◽  
Jae-Hwan Chung ◽  
Young Jun Kim ◽  
Ki-Hwan Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Model System ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Ipomoea Aquatic

scholarly journals New Zealand flower thrips and their impact on nectarine fruit diseases

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
G.F. McLaren ◽  
J.A. Fraser ◽  
P.A. Alspach
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Thrips Obscuratus ◽  
The Impact

Insecticides fungicides and a bactericide were applied in spring 2001 and 2002 to nectarine trees to determine the impact of thrips (mainly New Zealand flower thrips Thrips obscuratus) on summerfruit pathogens Thrips numbers were assessed over 7 weeks from the beginning of flowering The insecticide programme increased the proportion of fruit meeting export standards for thrips damage but did not influence the level of either brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola or the bacterial diseases bacterial blast (Pseudomonas syringae) and bacterial spot (Xanthomonas arboricola pv pruni) The fungicide programme reduced the level of brown rot Cumulative thrips counts were positively correlated with levels of brown rot infection on the fruit at harvest time in 2001/02 (P002) and 2002/03 (P009) and bacterial disease symptoms in 2001/ 02 (P003) It was concluded that New Zealand flower thrips could increase levels of disease in nectarines but the value of treating with insecticides was not clear

scholarly journals Utilization of yellow velvetleaf and water spinach to reduce copper ion in surface water of the estuary of babon river Semarang

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 (1) ◽  
pp. 012034
Author(s):  
B Syahputra ◽  
Nafiah
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Copper Ion ◽  
Percentage Reduction ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Reduction Efficiency ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Ipomoea Aquatic

Abstract The Babon River in East Semarang has been polluted by heavy metals sourced from industrial waste. So that water pollution at the Babon River estuary does not spread, it is necessary to carry out water treatment. This research uses a glass aquarium reactor and utilizes yellow velvetleaf (limmoncharis Flava) and water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic fork) plants as a medium to reduce the concentration of copper ions (Cu2+) by using variations in detention time. The results and analysis showed that yellow velvetleaf and water spinach could reduce the concentration of copper ions (Cu2+) in estuary surface water within 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, and 5 hours. After going through several stages of a simple drinking water pre-treatment process, the results showed that yellow velvetleaf plants could reduce the concentration of copper ions (Cu2+) in Babon river water samples, from an initial concentration of 0.055 mg/L to 0.020 mg/L, with the highest efficiency percentage reduction up to 61.5%. As for water spinach, the concentration of copper ions that can be reduced only reaches the lowest level of 0.047 mg/L, with the highest percentage reduction efficiency of only 9.6% after the same pre-treatment process.

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