scholarly journals Choosing the Right Life Partner: Ecological Drivers of Lichen Symbiosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Vančurová ◽  
Jiří Malíček ◽  
Jana Steinová ◽  
Pavel Škaloud
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Algal Symbionts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Taxonomic Range ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

Lichens are an iconic example of symbiotic systems whose ecology is shaped by the requirements of the symbionts. Previous studies suggest that fungal (mycobionts) as well as photosynthesizing (phycobionts or cyanobionts) partners have a specific range of acceptable symbionts that can be chosen according to specific environmental conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of climatic conditions and mycobiont identity on phycobiont distribution within the lichen genera Stereocaulon, Cladonia, and Lepraria. The study area comprised the Canary Islands, Madeira, Sicily, and the Aeolian Islands, spanning a wide range of climatic conditions. These islands are known for their unique and diverse fauna and flora; however, lichen phycobionts have remained unstudied in most of these areas. In total, we genetically analyzed 339 lichen samples. The phycobiont pool differed significantly from that outside the studied area. Asterochloris mediterranea was identified as the most abundant phycobiont. However, its distribution was limited by climatic constraints. Other species of Asterochloris and representatives of the genera Chloroidium, Vulcanochloris, and Myrmecia were also recovered as phycobionts. The selection of symbiotic partners from the local phycobiont pool was driven by mycobiont specificity (i.e., the taxonomic range of acceptable partners) and the environmental conditions, mainly temperature. Interestingly, the dominant fungal species responded differently in their selection of algal symbionts along the environmental gradients. Cladonia rangiformis associated with its phycobiont A. mediterranea in a broader range of temperatures than Stereocaulon azoreum, which favors other Asterochloris species along most of the temperature gradient. Stereocaulon vesuvianum associated with Chloroidium spp., which also differed in their temperature optima. Finally, we described Stereocaulon canariense as a new endemic species ecologically distinct from the other Stereocaulon species on the Canary Islands.

Modern problems of regionalization of territories and human adaptation in regions with extreme natural and climatic conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Human Adaptation ◽  
Nonspecific Resistance ◽  
Key Words Adaptation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

The paper considers modern approaches to the zoning of territories and the selection of people for life in extreme environmental conditions, taking into account modern geopolitical challenges. It is shown that it is possible, based on the allostasis concept, to conduct not only the selection of persons with a high level of nonspecific resistance, but also to quantify the degree of extremity of environmental factors using the standard represpiration test. Key words: adaptation, extreme conditions, selection, hypoxia, cold, rerespiration, allostatic load.

scholarly journals Host Selection of Symbiotic Cyanobacteria in 31 Species of the Australian Cycad Genus: Macrozamia (Zamiaceae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Gehringer ◽  
Jasper J. L. Pengelly ◽  
William S. Cuddy ◽  
Claus Fieker ◽  
Paul I. Forster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Cyanobacterial Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Selection Of

The nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Nostoc is a commonly occurring terrestrial and aquatic cyanobacterium often found in symbiosis with a wide range of plant, algal, and fungal species. We investigated the diversity of cyanobacterial species occurring within the coralloid roots of different Macrozamia cycad species at diverse locations throughout Australia. In all, 74 coralloid root samples were processed and 56 endosymbiotic cyanobacteria were cultured. DNA was isolated from unialgal cultures and a segment of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced. Microscopic analysis was performed on representative isolates. Twenty-two cyanobacterial species were identified, comprising mostly Nostoc spp. and a Calothrix sp. No correlation was observed between a cycad species and its resident cyanobiont species. The predominant cyanobacterium isolated from 18 root samples occurred over a diverse range of environmental conditions and within 14 different Macrozamia spp. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that endosymbionts were not restricted to previously described terrestrial species. An isolate clustering with Nostoc PCC7120, an aquatic strain, was identified. This is the first comprehensive study to identify the endosymbionts within a cycad genus using samples obtained from their natural habitats. These results indicate that there is negligible host specialization of cyanobacterial endosymbionts within the cycad genus Macrozamia in the wild.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF CREATING BENCHMARK IMAGES METHODS TO TEST THE ACCURACY OF PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SOFTWARE

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Komissarov ◽  
◽  
Valeriya V. Dedkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Survey ◽  
High Price ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Processing Accuracy ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Classi Fication ◽  
The Right ◽  
Imagery Processing ◽  
Selection Of

Digital photogrammetry is based on the use of specialized photogrammetric software (or digital photogrammetric systems) to solve problems related to the aerospace imagery processing. A wide range of programs and high price motivate consumers to choose the right software that responds to requirements of processing accuracy, amount of work, time of execution, etc. The main goal of this study is to analyze the existing methods of benchmark images creating to test photogrammetric pro-grams. The article carries out the analysis of existing techniques of creating benchmark images, classi-fication, selection of benchmark images types suitable for testing of photogrammetric software, and substantiates the necessity for checking of aerial survey results quality in specialized software.

Choosing the Right “Bit Pad”: Human Factors Aspects of Digitizing Tablet Size

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 615-615
Author(s):  
James L. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Computer Graphics ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Optimum Size ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Digitizing Tablet

Entry of non-alphanumeric information into computer graphics systems is frequently accomplished by moving a drawing implement over the surface of a digitizing tablet. These tablets are commercially available in a wide range of sizes. Therefore, an important question from both ergonomic and economic standpoints concerns the optimum size for the digitizing tablet. To answer this question, models of human movement control were applied to the graphic operator's task. An experiment was conducted to obtain appropriate model parameter values and to empirically evaluate the resulting predictions of the generated models. A combination of task analysis and movement control modelling thus allowed selection of an optimum digitizing tablet size for a range of computer-graphics entry tasks. Details and results of this methodology will be presented.

scholarly journals Concept for Development of Expert Computer Program for Identification of Filamentous Fungi

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-181
Author(s):  
BEATA GUTAROWSKA ◽  
MAREK IZDEBSKI
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Identification Algorithm ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growth Features ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Selection Of

An expert program has been developed for users working in industrial laboratories who are not experts in the identification of filamentous fungi. The database of morphological growth features currently contains 12 species from the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium grown under standard conditions. The identification algorithm implemented in the database takes into account the reliability of users, which can vary over a wide range depending on the identification feature. The reliability of users was estimated on the basis of a questionnaire survey conducted among 27 non-experts, as the likelihood of a response consistent with the assessment of experts. The program works through comparative analysis of features of the fungus being identified with the expert-developed database and selection of the most likely species among the species represented by reference strains. The expert program reduces subjective mistakes and may be extended to include further fungal species and genera; it can also be supplemented with chemotaxonomic, genetic and other data.

scholarly journals Impact of Endophytic Microorganisms on Plants, Environment and Humans

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhanya N. Nair ◽  
S. Padmavathy
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Endophytic Microorganisms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Almost All

Endophytes are microorganisms (bacteria or fungi or actinomycetes) that dwell within robust plant tissues by having a symbiotic association. They are ubiquitously associated with almost all plants studied till date. Some commonly found endophytes are those belonging to the generaEnterobacter sp.,Colletotrichum sp.,Phomopsis sp.,Phyllosticta sp.,Cladosporium sp.,and so forth. Endophytic population is greatly affected by climatic conditions and location where the host plant grows. They produce a wide range of compounds useful for plants for their growth, protection to environmental conditions, and sustainability, in favour of a good dwelling place within the hosts. They protect plants from herbivory by producing certain compounds which will prevent animals from further grazing on the same plant and sometimes act as biocontrol agents. A large amount of bioactive compounds produced by them not only are useful for plants but also are of economical importance to humans. They serve as antibiotics, drugs or medicines, or the compounds of high relevance in research or as compounds useful to food industry. They are also found to have some important role in nutrient cycling, biodegradation, and bioremediation. In this review, we have tried to comprehend different roles of endophytes in plants and their significance and impacts on man and environment.

Dependence of field germination and survival of chamomile plants on vegetation and agro-technical factors

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-136
Author(s):  
T. Padalko
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right

The purpose of the research was to study the essence of ensuring high germination of seeds and survival of chamomile plants depending on the variety, seeding rate and sowing time in the Right-bank Forest Steppe. Chamomile plants have been found to be signifi cantly responsive to the soil and climatic conditions of the region, which has led to uneven seedlings, so it is important to investigate agrotechnological techniques aimed at increasing of seed germination energy and simultaneity of sprouts. The agrobiological features of medicinal plants cultivation in the conditions of the RightBank Forest Steppe, in particular, of chamomile (Matricaria recutita), which is most used in offi cial and folk medicine among medicinal plants due to the presence of various biologically active substances in it, were investigated. The study was conducted with samples of chamomile plants in the area of the Right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (field of study (IE Prudyvus), a branch of the department of Podilsky State Agrarian and Technical University), taking into account all the requirements of the methodology of the research case. The following results were obtained: the period of vegetation of chamomile was mainly dependent on the sowing time, the duration ranged from 83 to 240 days; fi eld germination of chamomile plants in the average for 2017‒2019 was in the range of 71‒89 %; the maximum rate of plant survival at the end of the growing season was 93 %, which was obtained on the variant of autumn sowing with a sowing rate of 6 kg/ha in the Perlyna of the Forest-steppe, the minimum indicator was noted 72 % for the summer sowing with a sowing rate of 8 kg/ha in the Bodegold variety; the germination and survival rate exceeded the control by 10‒13 %. Today, this crop is quite widespread and is cultivated independently of the fi rst established cultivation areas and existing research stations of medicinal plants, and in particular, as a culture of a wide range of use of raw materials both in Ukraine and abroad. Key words: chamomile, variety, seeding rate, sowing period, fi eld germination, plant survival, vegetation factors.

METHODS OF DISTRIBUTION OF RESEARCH WORKS AMONG THE COLLECTIVES OF IMPLEMENTERS OF SCIENTIFIC PROJECTS HIGHER MILITARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 178-187
Author(s):  
R. Bulgakov ◽  
V. Golovanʼ ◽  
L. Knaub
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Military Education ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scientific Project ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

The article deals with increasing the efficiency of scientific project management in higher military educational establishments by introducing the method of distribution of research works among the teams of performers of scientific projects of higher military educational establishments, analyzes the load of scientific and pedagogical workers of typical structural units of higher educational establishments of higher educational establishments. Actions of the functional leader in the selection of the team of executors of the scientific project. Specificity of scientific tasks in the military field is the need to overcome the uncertainties caused by the unpredictability of the enemy during combat. The complexity and multidimensionality of the problem of planning and managing the scientific and technical activities in the security and defense sector necessitate the improvement of existing planning and management mechanisms in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Management activities of functional leaders is one of the important factors for the success and quality of scientific tasks. In the teaching and research processes of higher military education there is a wide range of management entities. The content and scope of managerial functions of heads of departments, faculties and departments are defined in the relevant charters, guidelines and instructions. However, it is very difficult to identify the quantitative weight of each institution of management of the scientific-pedagogical system of higher education institutions and its structural units. The order of performing management functions during certain periods of activity is worked out by each entity, mainly independently, on the basis of personal experience, the choice of forms, methods and means of influencing the management object is, for the most part, a creative process. One of the important aspects of the implementation of a scientific project that depends on the end result is the selection of the "right" team of project executors and the project resource, namely: specialists in the field of research, motivated by the result, able to achieve it by their competence, not overloaded with other work , plus - comprehensive security of the project. In order to increase the effectiveness of management activities, to apply the management of the institution (the chief and his deputy for scientific work) by the apparatus, to qualitatively evaluate and make the right management decisions at the stage of appointment of the project manager and the team of executors of the scientific project, to determine the resource base and limitations in this particular scientific project, this technique is proposed. Management of scientific projects in all phases of their implementation - from order to implementation, is a priority direction of increasing the efficiency of the system of scientific and scientific-technical activity of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The implementation of the algorithm of selection of the team of executors of the scientific project is an effective mechanism for optimizing the decision-making process by functional managers in the early stages of scientific projects.

scholarly journals Modification of Digital Oil Pressure Measurement Equipment using Bluetooth Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Rasma Rasma ◽  
Thomas Junaedi ◽  
Hendro Purwono ◽  
Riki Effendi
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Gauge ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Hydraulic Pressure ◽  
Work Process ◽  
Diagnostic Instruments ◽  
Digital Pressure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

PT United Tractors Tbk Jakarta workshop held a lot of Machine Inspection Programs for Komatsu units. During the implementation of the Machine Inspection Program (PPM) the machine inspection program is one part of the maintenance that is carried out periodically to obtain accurate data on the condition of the equipment at the time by carrying out checks and adjustments using measurement methods and diagnostic instruments The use of a pressure gauge is still using manual and has a measurement distance that is still limited, if workers or mechanics are not equipped with sufficient knowledge then the pressure gauge will have the potential for error in use and the selection of a pressure gauge is not appropriate to the pressure gauge directly connected to the hydraulic pressure through the hose then the work process ppm is not enough 1 manpower. Therefore it is necessary to modify a digital pressure gauge that has a wide range of scales, in addition a wireless connection is needed to enable the operation of the unit and measurements are made 1 manpower and Bluetooth is one of the right choices in addition to the reach can be met in an application not too difficult so that readings measurement results can be connected directly via mobile.

scholarly journals A review of scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) diversity in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
C Zorhansanga
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Scarab Beetles

The diversified geographic location along with climatic conditions has led to the enrichment of fauna species in India. Coleoptera (Gk. Coleos–sheath, ptera–wing) are the largest group of organisms at the order level and are comprised of beetles. They adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions and are widely distributed. The family Scarabaeidae which is included in the superfamily Scarabaeoidea is one of the largest families. They consist of about 27,800 species worldwide and are further divided into 16 subfamilies, 82 tribes and 94 sub-tribes. They are usually harmful or beneficial in nature with their size being large to small. The research on scarab beetles is necessary to understand their role as pest as well as their adaptation to different anthropogenic activities. Also, the diversified population of scarab beetles along with their similar characters makes it hard for researchers to identify them often leading to misidentification which is why a review is needed. This review summarizes the status, diversity and ecological status of scarab beetles in India.

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