scholarly journals Recent Advances in Fluorescence Imaging of Pulmonary Fibrosis in Animal Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongwei Liu ◽  
Xiaofang Tang ◽  
Zongling Zhu ◽  
Xunxun Ma ◽  
Wenjuan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Hyperpolarized Gases ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Lung Structure ◽  
Imaging Research ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Effective Diagnosis

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a lung disease that may cause impaired gas exchange and respiratory failure while being difficult to treat. Rapid, sensitive, and accurate detection of lung tissue and cell changes is essential for the effective diagnosis and treatment of PF. Currently, the commonly-used high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) imaging has been challenging to distinguish early PF from other pathological processes in the lung structure. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using hyperpolarized gases is hampered by the higher cost to become a routine diagnostic tool. As a result, the development of new PF imaging technologies may be a promising solution. Here, we summarize and discuss recent advances in fluorescence imaging as a talented optical technique for the diagnosis and evaluation of PF, including collagen imaging, oxidative stress, inflammation, and PF-related biomarkers. The design strategies of the probes for fluorescence imaging (including multimodal imaging) of PF are briefly described, which can provide new ideas for the future PF-related imaging research. It is hoped that this review will promote the translation of fluorescence imaging into a clinically usable assay in PF.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Fluorescence Imaging of Traumatic Brain Injury in Animal Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Lu ◽  
Jiating Cao ◽  
Qinglun Su ◽  
Qin Zhao ◽  
Huihai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Brain Vessels ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Effective Diagnosis

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the top three specific neurological disorders, requiring reliable, rapid, and sensitive imaging of brain vessels, tissues, and cells for effective diagnosis and treatment. Although the use of medical imaging such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the TBI detection is well established, the exploration of novel TBI imaging techniques is of great interest. In this review, recent advances in fluorescence imaging for the diagnosis and evaluation of TBI are summarized and discussed in three sections: imaging of cerebral vessels, imaging of brain tissues and cells, and imaging of TBI-related biomarkers. Design strategies for probes and labels used in TBI fluorescence imaging are also described in detail to inspire broader applications. Moreover, the multimodal TBI imaging platforms combining MRI and fluorescence imaging are also briefly introduced. It is hoped that this review will promote more studies on TBI fluorescence imaging, and enable its use for clinical diagnosis as early as possible, helping TBI patients get better treatment and rehabilitation.

scholarly journals S2K Guideline for Diagnosis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Respiration ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Jürgen Behr ◽  
Andreas Günther ◽  
Francesco Bonella ◽  
Julien Dinkel ◽  
Ludger Fink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Cellular Analysis ◽  
Golden Standard ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsy ◽  
Effective Diagnosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a severe and often fatal disease. Diagnosis of IPF requires considerable expertise and experience. Since the publication of the international IPF guideline in the year 2011 and the update 2018 several studies and technical advances have occurred, which made a new assessment of the diagnostic process mandatory. The goal of this guideline is to foster early, confident, and effective diagnosis of IPF. The guideline focusses on the typical clinical context of an IPF patient and provides tools to exclude known causes of interstitial lung disease including standardized questionnaires, serologic testing, and cellular analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage. High-resolution computed tomography remains crucial in the diagnostic workup. If it is necessary to obtain specimens for histology, transbronchial lung cryobiopsy is the primary approach, while surgical lung biopsy is reserved for patients who are fit for it and in whom a bronchoscopic diagnosis did not provide the information needed. After all, IPF is a diagnosis of exclusion and multidisciplinary discussion remains the golden standard of diagnosis.

scholarly journals Chemotherapy in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and small-cell lung cancer with poor lung function

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiyue Zhang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Chunyan Li ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Zhenzhong Su
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Regimen

Abstract Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease with unclear pathogenesis. IPF is considered as a risk factor for lung cancer. Compared to other lung cancers, small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) has a lower incidence, but has a more aggressive course. Patients with IPF and SCLC have a lower survival rate, more difficult treatment, and poorer prognosis. Case presentation Case 1 was of a 66-year-old man with IPF for 5 years, who was admitted to our hospital for dyspnea. Case 2 was of a 68-year-old woman, who presented with chest pains, cough, and dyspnea. Both patients had extremely poor lung function. High-resolution computed tomography and pathology revealed that both patients had IPF and SCLC. Chemotherapy comprising nedaplatin (80 mg/m2) and etoposide (100 mg for 5 days) was initiated for both patients. Antifibrotic agents were continued during the chemotherapeutic regimen. Both patients showed improvement in their condition after treatment. Conclusion The favorable outcomes in these 2 cases suggests that chemotherapy is worth considering in the management of patients having SCLC and IPF with poor lung function.

scholarly journals Gene therapy strategies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: recent advances, current challenges, and future directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 483-496
Author(s):  
Mitchel J.R. Ruigrok ◽  
Henderik W. Frijlink ◽  
Barbro N. Melgert ◽  
Peter Olinga ◽  
Wouter L.J. Hinrichs
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Therapy Strategies

Recent advances in molecular logic gate chemosensors based on luminescent metal organic frameworks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Li ◽  
Dongsheng Zhao ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Xiaoxian Zhang ◽  
Wenqian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logic Gate ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Molecular Logic Gate ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Molecular Logic ◽  
Molecular Logic Gates ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Metal Organic

This review covers the latest advancements of molecular logic gates based on LMOF. The classification, design strategies, related sensing mechanisms, future developments, and challenges of LMOFs-based logic gates are discussed.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Disparity of Previous and Revised American Thoracic Society Guidelines for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Fidler ◽  
Shane Shapera ◽  
Shikha Mittoo ◽  
Theodore K Marras
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
American Thoracic Society ◽  
Patient Classification ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: A revised guideline for the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) was formulated by the American Thoracic Society (ATS) in 2011 to improve disease diagnosis and provide a simplified algorithm for clinicians. The impact of these revisions on patient classification, however, remain unclear.OBJECTIVE: To examine the concordance between diagnostic guidelines to understand how revisions impact patient classification.METHODS: A cohort of 54 patients with either suspected IPF or a working diagnosis of IPF was evaluated in a retrospective chart review, in which patient data were examined according to previous and revised ATS guidelines. Patient characteristics influencing the fulfillment of diagnostic criteria were compared using one-way ANOVA and χ2tests.RESULTS: Revised and previous guideline criteria for IPF were met in 78% and 83% of patients, respectively. Revised guidelines modified a classification based on previous guidelines in 28% of cases. Fifteen percent of patients meeting previous ATS guidelines failed to meet revised criteria due to a lack of honeycombing on high-resolution computed tomography and the absence of a surgical lung biopsy. Patients failing to meet previous and revised diagnostic criteria for IPF were younger.CONCLUSION: The revised guidelines for the diagnosis of IPF classify a substantial proportion of patients differently than the previous guidelines.

scholarly journals Effects of Nintedanib on Quantitative Lung Fibrosis Score in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Lisa Lancaster ◽  
Jonathan Goldin ◽  
Matthias Trampisch ◽  
Grace Hyun Kim ◽  
Jonathan Ilowite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Lung Fibrosis ◽  
Open Label ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Phase Iiib ◽  
Exploratory Data ◽  
Relative Change

Background: Nintedanib slows disease progression in patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) by reducing decline in Forced Vital Capacity (FVC). The effects of nintedanib on abnormalities on high-resolution computed tomography scans have not been previously studied. Objective: We conducted a Phase IIIb trial to assess the effects of nintedanib on changes in Quantitative Lung Fibrosis (QLF) score and other measures of disease progression in patients with IPF. Methods: 113 patients were randomized 1:1 to receive nintedanib 150 mg bid or placebo double-blind for ≥6 months, followed by open-label nintedanib. The primary endpoint was the relative change from baseline in QLF score (%) at month 6. Analyses were descriptive and exploratory. Results: Adjusted mean relative changes from baseline in QLF score at month 6 were 11.4% in the nintedanib group (n=42) and 14.6% in the placebo group (n=45) (difference 3.2% [95% CI: −9.2, 15.6]). Adjusted mean absolute changes from baseline in QLF score at month 6 were 0.98% and 1.33% in these groups, respectively (difference 0.35% [95% CI: −1.27, 1.96]). Adjusted mean absolute changes from baseline in FVC at month 6 were −14.2 mL and −83.2 mL in the nintedanib (n=54) and placebo (n=54) groups, respectively (difference 69.0 mL [95% CI: −8.7, 146.8]). Conclusion: Exploratory data suggest that in patients with IPF, 6 months’ treatment with nintedanib was associated with a numerically smaller degree of fibrotic change in the lungs and reduced FVC decline versus placebo. These data support previous findings that nintedanib slows the progression of IPF.

scholarly journals Differentiating combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema from pure emphysema: utility of late gadolinium-enhanced MRI

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Fleming ◽  
Simon M. Clifford ◽  
Aoife Haughey ◽  
Roisin MacDermott ◽  
Niall McVeigh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Antifibrotic Therapy ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Receiver Operator Curve Analysis ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Traction Bronchiectasis ◽  
Operator Curve

Abstract Background Differentiating combined pulmonary fibrosis with emphysema (CPFE) from pure emphysema can be challenging on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). This has antifibrotic therapy implications. Methods Twenty patients with suspected CPFE underwent late gadolinium-enhanced (LGE) thoracic magnetic resonance imaging (LGE-MRI) and HRCT. Data from twelve healthy control subjects from a previous study who underwent thoracic LGE-MRI were included for comparison. Quantitative LGE signal intensity (SI) was retrospectively compared in regions of fibrosis and emphysema in CPFE patients to similar lung regions in controls. Qualitative comparisons for the presence/extent of reticulation, honeycombing, and traction bronchiectasis between LGE-MRI and HRCT were assessed by two readers in consensus. Results There were significant quantitative differences in fibrosis SI compared to emphysema SI in CPFE patients (25.8, IQR 18.4–31.0 versus 5.3, IQR 5.0–8.1, p < 0.001). Significant differences were found between LGE-MRI and HRCT in the extent of reticulation (12.5, IQR 5.0–20.0 versus 25.0, IQR 15.0–26.3, p = 0.038) and honeycombing (5.0, IQR 0.0–10.0 versus 20.0, IQR 10.6–20.0, p = 0.001) but not traction bronchiectasis (10.0, IQR 5–15 versus 15.0, IQR 5–15, p = 0.878). Receiver operator curve analysis of fibrosis SI compared to similarly located regions in control subjects showed an area under the curve of 0.82 (p = 0.002). A SI cutoff of 19 yielded a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 86% in differentiating fibrosis from similarly located regions in control subjects. Conclusion LGE-MRI can differentiate CPFE from pure emphysema and may be a useful adjunct test to HRCT in patients with suspected CPFE.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic image analysis and image-guided interventions

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Alison Noble ◽  
Nassir Navab ◽  
H. Becher
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Medical Image Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Software Algorithms ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Imaging Research ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

The fields of medical image analysis and computer-aided interventions deal with reducing the large volume of digital images (X-ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography and ultrasound (US)) to more meaningful clinical information using software algorithms. US is a core imaging modality employed in these areas, both in its own right and used in conjunction with the other imaging modalities. It is receiving increased interest owing to the recent introduction of three-dimensional US, significant improvements in US image quality, and better understanding of how to design algorithms which exploit the unique strengths and properties of this real-time imaging modality. This article reviews the current state of art in US image analysis and its application in image-guided interventions. The article concludes by giving a perspective from clinical cardiology which is one of the most advanced areas of clinical application of US image analysis and describing some probable future trends in this important area of ultrasonic imaging research.

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