scholarly journals Foreground Estimation in Neuronal Images With a Sparse-Smooth Model for Robust Quantification

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijie Liu ◽  
Qing Huang ◽  
Tingwei Quan ◽  
Shaoqun Zeng ◽  
Hongwei Li
Keyword(s):  
Optical Systems ◽  
Neuronal System ◽  
Neuronal Structure ◽  
Basic Tool ◽  
Neuron Reconstruction ◽  
Volume Imaging ◽  
Smooth Model ◽  
Biological Labeling ◽  
3D Volume ◽  
And Function

3D volume imaging has been regarded as a basic tool to explore the organization and function of the neuronal system. Foreground estimation from neuronal image is essential in the quantification and analysis of neuronal image such as soma counting, neurite tracing and neuron reconstruction. However, the complexity of neuronal structure itself and differences in the imaging procedure, including different optical systems and biological labeling methods, result in various and complex neuronal images, which greatly challenge foreground estimation from neuronal image. In this study, we propose a robust sparse-smooth model (RSSM) to separate the foreground and the background of neuronal image. The model combines the different smoothness levels of the foreground and the background, and the sparsity of the foreground. These prior constraints together contribute to the robustness of foreground estimation from a variety of neuronal images. We demonstrate the proposed RSSM method could promote some best available tools to trace neurites or locate somas from neuronal images with their default parameters, and the quantified results are similar or superior to the results that generated from the original images. The proposed method is proved to be robust in the foreground estimation from different neuronal images, and helps to improve the usability of current quantitative tools on various neuronal images with several applications.

Akt-mTOR hypoactivity in bipolar disorder gives rise to cognitive impairments associated with altered neuronal structure and function

Neuron ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda M. Vanderplow ◽  
Andrew L. Eagle ◽  
Bailey A. Kermath ◽  
Kathryn J. Bjornson ◽  
Alfred J. Robison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Neuronal Structure ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Wiring optimization can relate neuronal structure and function

2006 ◽  
Vol 103 (12) ◽  
pp. 4723-4728 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Chen ◽  
D. H. Hall ◽  
D. B. Chklovskii
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Neuronal Structure ◽  
And Function ◽  
Wiring Optimization

scholarly journals Relationships between neuronal structure and function

1984 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Miller ◽  
G. A. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Directional Sensitivity ◽  
Surprising Result ◽  
Neuronal Structure ◽  
Dendritic Length ◽  
Structural And Electrical Properties ◽  
Dendritic Branching ◽  
And Function ◽  
Different Levels

The geometry and electrical properties of a neurone determine how synaptic inputs and endogenously generated currents are integrated and transformed into the signals it transmits to other cells. The dependence of neuronal integration upon dendritic geometry has been studied extensively over the last three decades, both by experimentalists and by theoreticians. We review some of the general principles that have emerged from this work, and summarize recent studies that serve to illustrate these principles. The discussion is organized around the analysis of neuronal structure at three different levels. At the ‘macroscopic’ level, we show how the dendritic branching structure of an identified interneurone in the cricket cercal afferent system determines the directional sensitivity within its receptive field. At the ‘microscopic’ level, we illustrate the dependence of synaptic efficacy upon dendritic length, and demonstrate a very surprising result: that the extension (or ‘growth’) of a dendrite out beyond the point of a synaptic contact can increase the efficacy of that synapse. At the ‘ultrastructural’ level, we show how the structural and electrical properties of dendritic spines might have profound effects upon synaptic integration.

scholarly journals The Use of Ginkgo Biloba L. as a Neuroprotective Agent in the Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Nowak ◽  
Klaudyna Kojder ◽  
Joanna Zielonka-Brzezicka ◽  
Jacek Wróbel ◽  
Mateusz Bosiacki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Neuronal Structure ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Therapeutic Protocol ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
And Function

Alzheimer’s disease, a neurodegenerative disease, is one of the most common causes of dementia if elderly people worldwide. Alzheimer’s disease leads to the alienation of individuals and their exclusion from social and professional life. It is characterized mainly by the degradation of memory and disorientation, which occurs as a result of the loss of neuronal structure and function in different brain areas. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to use in the treatment of natural bioactive compounds that will be effective in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease. G. biloba L. and its most frequently used standardized extract (EGb 761), have been used for many years in supportive therapy and in the prevention of cognitive disorders. The paper presents an overview of reports on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, as well as a summary of the properties of G. biloba extract and its effects on the possible pathogenesis of the disease. By exploring more about the pathogenesis of the disease and the benefits of G. biloba extract for patients with Alzheimer’s disease, it will be possible to create an individualized therapeutic protocol to optimize the treatment.

scholarly journals Review on various factors responsible for neurodegenerative disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
Harshwardhan J Tembhurnikar ◽  
Neha D Thool ◽  
Rasika J Patil ◽  
Ranjita K Das
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Protein Misfolding ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Neuronal Structure ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Neurological Illnesses ◽  
And Function

Neurodegenerative disorders are nervous system disorders that result in the loss of neuronal structure and function. As shown in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, these changes cause a loss of various capacities, including cognition and mobility. Several factors have been discovered to play a critical role in the etiology of common neurological illnesses, including oxidative stress and protein misfolding. It's still unclear if these factors cause or contribute to the progression of the illnesses. Despite efforts to understand the molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms behind these pathways, many aspects remain unknown. The goal of this review is to investigate the numerous factors linked to neurodegeneration.

scholarly journals VIEW-MOD: A Versatile Illumination Engine With a Modular Optical Design for Fluorescence Microscopy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Liu ◽  
Chad M. Hobson ◽  
Frederico M. Pimenta ◽  
Evan Nelsen ◽  
Joe Hsiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
Light Sheet ◽  
Axial Position ◽  
Beam Shape ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Volume Imaging ◽  
3D Volume ◽  
Tunable Lenses ◽  
And Control

AbstractWe developed VIEW-MOD (Versatile Illumination Engine With a Modular Optical Design): a compact, multi-modality microscope, which accommodates multiple illumination schemes including variable angle total internal reflection, point scanning and vertical/horizontal light sheet. This system allows combining and flexibly switching between different illuminations and imaging modes by employing three electrically tunable lenses and two fast-steering mirrors. This versatile optics design provides control of 6 degrees of freedom of the illumination source (3 translation, 2 tilt, and beam shape) plus the axial position of the imaging plane. We also developed standalone software with an easy-to-use GUI to calibrate and control the microscope. We demonstrate the applications of this system and software in biosensor imaging, optogenetics and fast 3D volume imaging. This system is ready to fit into complex imaging circumstances requiring precise control of illumination and detection paths, and has a broad scope of usability for a myriad of biological applications.

scholarly journals Software tools for automated transmission electron dmicroscopy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schorb ◽  
Isabella Haberbosch ◽  
Wim JH Hagen ◽  
Yannick Schwab ◽  
David N Mastronarde
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Software Tools ◽  
Cellular Biology ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
High Throughput Data ◽  
Volume Imaging ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Multiple Grids ◽  
3D Volume

AbstractIn the recent years, electron microscopy in the life sciences has witnessed increasing demand for high-throughput data collection in both structural and cellular biology. We present a combination of software tools that enable automated acquisition guided by image analysis for a wide variety of Transmission Electron Microscopy applications. Using these tools, we demonstrate dose-reduction in single particle cryo-EM experiments, fully automated acquisition of every single cell in a plastic section and automated targeting of features on serial sections for 3D volume imaging even across multiple grids.

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