scholarly journals Novel Perspectives on the Development of the Amygdala in Rodents

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Aerts ◽  
Eve Seuntjens
Keyword(s):  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Cellular Heterogeneity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Expression Data ◽  
Concentric Ring ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Developmental Origin ◽  
Migratory Routes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Contradictory Data

The amygdala is a hyperspecialized brain region composed of strongly inter- and intraconnected nuclei involved in emotional learning and behavior. The cellular heterogeneity of the amygdalar nuclei has complicated straightforward conclusions on their developmental origin, and even resulted in contradictory data. Recently, the concentric ring theory of the pallium and the radial histogenetic model of the pallial amygdala have cleared up several uncertainties that plagued previous models of amygdalar development. Here, we provide an extensive overview on the developmental origin of the nuclei of the amygdaloid complex. Starting from older gene expression data, transplantation and lineage tracing studies, we systematically summarize and reinterpret previous findings in light of the novel perspectives on amygdalar development. In addition, migratory routes that these cells take on their way to the amygdala are explored, and known transcription factors and guidance cues that seemingly drive these cells toward the amygdala are emphasized. We propose some future directions for research on amygdalar development and highlight that a better understanding of its development could prove critical for the treatment of several neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Some Novel Cobalt Diphenylphosphine Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Behavior in the Polymerization of 1,3-Butadiene

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 4067
Author(s):  
Giovanni Ricci ◽  
Giuseppe Leone ◽  
Giorgia Zanchin ◽  
Benedetta Palucci ◽  
Alessandra Forni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
The Novel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
And Behavior

Some novel cobalt diphenylphosphine complexes were synthesized by reacting cobalt(II) chloride with (2-methoxyethyl)diphenylphosphine, (2-methoxyphenyl)diphenylphosphine, and 2-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-6-(diphenylphosphino)pyridine. Single crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction studies were obtained for the first two complexes, and their crystal structure was determined. The novel compounds were then used in association with methylaluminoxane (MAO) for the polymerization of 1,3-butadiene, and their behavior was compared with that exhibited in the polymerization of the same monomer by the systems CoCl2(PnPrPh2)2/MAO and CoCl2(PPh3)2/MAO. Some significant differences were observed depending on the MAO/Co ratio used, and a plausible interpretation for such a different behavior is proposed.

scholarly journals NILAI TANGGUNG JAWAB DALAM NOVEL LASKAR PELANGI KARYA ANDREA HIRATA: TINJAUAN STRUKTURALISME GENETIK

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Siti Rukiyah
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Novel Structure ◽  
Livelihood Systems ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

This study discusses in depth about the moral values of responsibility in the novel Laskar Pelangi. Furthermore, the proposed related to the socio-cultural background of the authors in the creation of novel Laskar Pelangi effect on moral values. In addition, also discussed the author's view of the world related to the teachings of the value of responsibility. This research uses a qualitative approach with content analysis method. The results showed that the value of responsibility based on the novel structure consisting of man's relationship to himself, namely in terms of character and characterization. The characters are displayed Andrea Hirata bring the characters responsible for the thoughts, attitudes, and behavior. From a review of genetic structuralism, the value of responsibility based on social and cultural background, knowledge systems also influence the social and cultural life. Belitung people's livelihood systems are revealed also shape the character responsible. The author's world view of morals includes the value of self-existence, self-esteem, self-confidence, fear, longing, and responsibility.

scholarly journals Developmental Origin of the Cardiac Conduction System: Insight from Lineage Tracing

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1107-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv A. Mohan ◽  
Bastiaan J. Boukens ◽  
Vincent M. Christoffels
Keyword(s):  
Conduction System ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Cardiac Conduction System ◽  
Developmental Origin

Evolutionary Perspectives on Parenting

2021 ◽  
pp. 2-25
Author(s):  
Tomás Cabeza de Baca ◽  
Bruce J. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Parental Behavior ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Household Dynamics ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Evolutionary Perspectives

This chapter highlights parental behavior and household dynamics as one key set of factors that play a vital role in the regulation of development and behavior in children. It shows the benefits of using an evolutionary-developmental model and discusses fundamental points to consider when applying such a model to research. The application of Darwinian principles to domains of parenting and development provides a benefit to researchers by integrating the results of proximate-level research into a unified and interconnected framework. It also reorients within- and between-household differences in parenting as strategies molded by natural selection to maximize survival and reproduction under varied ecological circumstances. The chapter begins with a review of the theoretical foundations of evolutionary developmental psychology, followed by a brief explanation of methodological approaches used by developmentalists. It then looks at current research and future directions.

Digital Development and International Aid

2016 ◽  
pp. 276-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolene Fisher
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Digital Games ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Current Development ◽  
Development Discourse ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Narrative Structures ◽  
Individual Attitude ◽  
Digital Development ◽  
And Behavior

This chapter constructs a historical overview of digital games used for international development. While the decade long use of digital games in this field has seen mixed results, a trend towards gamification has continued. The various approaches to international development taken in these games are analyzed alongside the gaming goals, platforms, and narrative structures. Broadly, this chapter argues that the field of digital development games breaks down into three categories: Developing Developers, Digital Interventions, and Critical Play. Because these games are tied to larger frameworks of development thought, they are an important part of the development discourse and should be critically analyzed, regardless of their success at the level of individual attitude and behavior change. Such an analysis presents a useful way to think about what's happening in the current development field and how the trend towards gamification may impact its future directions.

scholarly journals Does Asymmetrical Gonopodium Morphology Predict Lateralized Behavior in the Fish Xenophallus umbratilis?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik S. Johnson ◽  
Mary-Elise Nielsen ◽  
Jerald B. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Mating Preferences ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
Symmetrical Body ◽  
Livebearing Fish ◽  
And Behavior

Why bilaterally symmetrical organisms express handedness remains an important question in evolutionary biology. In some species, anatomical asymmetries have evolved that accompany behavioral handedness, yet we know remarkably little about causal links between asymmetric morphological traits and behavior. Here, we explore if a dextral or sinistral orientation of the male intromittent organ predicts side preferences in male behaviors. Our study addresses this question in the Costa Rican livebearing fish, Xenophallus umbratilis. This fish has a bilaterally symmetrical body plan, with one exception—the male anal fin (gonopodium), used to inseminate females, terminates with a distinct left- or right-handed corkscrew morphology. We used a detour assay to test males for side biases in approach behavior when exposed to four different stimuli (predator, potential mate, novel object, empty tank control). We found that left morph males preferred using their right eye to view potential mates, predators, and the control, and that right morph males preferred to use their left eye to view potential mates and predators, and their right eye to view the control. Males of both morphs displayed no eye bias when approaching the novel object. Our results suggest that there is a strong link between behavior and gonopodium orientation, with right and left morph males responding with opposite directional behaviors when presented with the same stimuli. This presents the intriguing possibility that mating preferences—in this case constrained by gonopodial morphology—could be driving lateralized decision making in a variety of non-mating behaviors.

scholarly journals Computerized Self-Administered Measures of Mood and Appetite for Older Adults: The Novel Assessment of Nutrition and Ageing Toolkit

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J. E. Brown ◽  
Tim Adlam ◽  
Faustina Hwang ◽  
Hassan Khadra ◽  
Linda M. Maclean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Community Living ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Standard Paper ◽  
Current Mood ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Computerized System ◽  
Over Time

The “Novel Assessment of Nutrition and Ageing” (NANA) toolkit is a computerized system for collecting longitudinal information about older adults’ health and behavior. Here, we describe the validation of six items for measuring older adults’ self-reported mood and appetite as part of the NANA system. In Study 1, 48 community-living older adults (aged 65-89 years) completed NANA measures of their current mood and appetite alongside standard paper measures, on three occasions, in a laboratory setting. In Study 2, 40 community-living older adults (aged 64-88 years) completed daily NANA measures of momentary mood and appetite in their own homes, unsupervised, alongside additional measures of health and behavior, over three 7-day periods. The NANA measures were significantly correlated with standard measures of mood and appetite, and showed stability over time. They show utility for tracking mood and appetite longitudinally, and for better understanding links with other aspects of health and behavior.

Meta-heuristic optimization algorithms for simultaneous optimization of sidelobe level and directivity of uniformly excited concentric ring array antennas

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-192
Author(s):  
Kailash Pati Dutta ◽  
G. K. Mahanti
Keyword(s):  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Optimization Algorithms ◽  
Beam Width ◽  
Simultaneous Optimization ◽  
Heuristic Optimization ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sidelobe Level ◽  
Concentric Ring ◽  
Array Antennas ◽  
Symbiotic Organism Search

AbstractThis paper proposes the novel application of three meta-heuristic optimization algorithms namely crow search algorithm, moth flame optimization, and symbiotic organism search algorithm for the synthesis of uniformly excited multiple concentric ring array antennas. The objective of this work is to minimize the sidelobe level (SLL) and maximize the peak directivity simultaneously. Three different cases are demonstrated separately with various constraints such as optimal inter-element spacing and/or optimal ring radii. Comparative study of the algorithms using common parameters such as SLL, directivity, first null beam width, best cost, and run time has been reported. Investigation results prove the superiority of case 3 over other cases in terms of directivity and SLL. This work demonstrates the potential of these algorithms.

scholarly journals Biological and Medical Importance of Cellular Heterogeneity Deciphered by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rishikesh Kumar Gupta ◽  
Jacek Kuznicki
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cellular Heterogeneity ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Strong Basis ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Single Cell Rna Sequencing

The present review discusses recent progress in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), which can describe cellular heterogeneity in various organs, bodily fluids, and pathologies (e.g., cancer and Alzheimer’s disease). We outline scRNA-seq techniques that are suitable for investigating cellular heterogeneity that is present in cell populations with very high resolution of the transcriptomic landscape. We summarize scRNA-seq findings and applications of this technology to identify cell types, activity, and other features that are important for the function of different bodily organs. We discuss future directions for scRNA-seq techniques that can link gene expression, protein expression, cellular function, and their roles in pathology. We speculate on how the field could develop beyond its present limitations (e.g., performing scRNA-seq in situ and in vivo). Finally, we discuss the integration of machine learning and artificial intelligence with cutting-edge scRNA-seq technology, which could provide a strong basis for designing precision medicine and targeted therapy in the future.

scholarly journals Analyses of Avascular Mutants Reveal Unique Transcriptomic Signature of Non-conventional Endothelial Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boryeong Pak ◽  
Christopher E. Schmitt ◽  
Woosoung Choi ◽  
Jun-Dae Kim ◽  
Orjin Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Lateral Plate Mesoderm ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Developmental History ◽  
Lateral Plate ◽  
Developmental Origin ◽  
Transcriptomic Signature

Endothelial cells appear to emerge from diverse progenitors. However, to which extent their developmental origin contributes to define their cellular and molecular characteristics remains largely unknown. Here, we report that a subset of endothelial cells that emerge from the tailbud possess unique molecular characteristics that set them apart from stereotypical lateral plate mesoderm (LPM)-derived endothelial cells. Lineage tracing shows that these tailbud-derived endothelial cells arise at mid-somitogenesis stages, and surprisingly do not require Npas4l or Etsrp function, indicating that they have distinct spatiotemporal origins and are regulated by distinct molecular mechanisms. Microarray and single cell RNA-seq analyses reveal that somitogenesis- and neurogenesis-associated transcripts are over-represented in these tailbud-derived endothelial cells, suggesting that they possess a unique transcriptomic signature. Taken together, our results further reveal the diversity of endothelial cells with respect to their developmental origin and molecular properties, and provide compelling evidence that the molecular characteristics of endothelial cells may reflect their distinct developmental history.

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