scholarly journals Secondary Epileptogenesis: Common to See, but Possible to Treat?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujia Shen ◽  
Yiwei Gong ◽  
Yeping Ruan ◽  
Zhong Chen ◽  
Cenglin Xu

Secondary epileptogenesis is a common phenomenon in epilepsy, characterized by epileptiform discharges from the regions outside the primary focus. It is one of the major reasons for pharmacoresistance and surgical failure. Compared with primary epileptogenesis, the mechanism of secondary epileptogenesis is usually more complex and diverse. In this review, we aim to summarize the characteristics of secondary epileptogenesis from both clinical and laboratory studies in a historical view. Mechanisms of secondary epileptogenesis in molecular, cellular, and circuity levels are further presented. Potential treatments targeting the process are discussed as well. At last, we highlight the importance of circuitry studies, which would further illustrate precise treatments of secondary epileptogenesis in the future.

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margo J. Monteith ◽  
Aimee Y. Mark ◽  
Leslie Ashburn-Nardo

Survey and laboratory studies provide support for the self-regulation of prejudice, but it is unclear whether people similarly self-regulate in“real life. Using a phenomenological approach, 153 non-Black participants recalled racial experiences in which they responded in ways they later wished had been different. Participants internally motivated to control prejudice reported discrepancies regardless of their external motivation, but even participants low on internal motivation reported prejudice-related discrepancies if they were externally motivated. Content analysis results are presented to summarize participants discrepancy experiences. Also, most participants discrepancies produced negative self-directed affect and the self-regulation of prejudice in the future. Findings suggest that self-regulation generalizes beyond the laboratory and occurs even among people who are not internally motivated to control their prejudice.


2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 87-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukund R Dixit ◽  
S Manikutty ◽  
S Sreenivas Rao ◽  
MM Monippally ◽  
Rama Bijapurkar ◽  
...  

This colloquium serves as a conceptual and experiential platform to stage the insights generated on the case method by the faculty who have taught and/or trained at the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad (IIMA). It comprises three sections titled Contexts (including Technology and Culture), Institutions, and Futures. The institutions comprise IIM, Ahmedabad, IIM, Bangalore, and IIM, Indore though the primary focus remains on the curricular and pedagogical innovations at IIMA. The insights on the future of the case method in India that emerged from the colloquium are the following: The availability of information and communication technologies in the emerging milieu is not a threat but an opportunity to reinvent the method; this, however, requires breaking from the ‘classical method’ in order to innovate. The changing demographics of the classroom necessitate a greater appreciation and sensitization to how cultural differences can affect the receptivity to the case method. The written analysis of cases (WAC) was and will continue to remain the site for introducing the case method to the incoming students of the Post-Graduate Programme (PGP) at IIMA. Communication skills can be taught effectively if a performative dimension is built into the case discussion through role plays. Many of the cases used in the IIMs reflect the ethos of a socialist, pre-liberal era of the Indian economy. There is a pressing need to develop cases that reflect the economic developments of recent times. The case method will continue to be the mainstay of the forthcoming PGPX (PGP for executives) at IIMA since the greater work experience of the participants will make it possible to combine ‘inductive and personalized’ forms of learning. An examination of the barriers to effective case teaching and writing at IIM, Bangalore reveals that a formal review process may help to increase the standard of cases and teaching notes. The institutionalization of the case method in a new IIM requires enormous efforts on the part of both individual faculty (with prior exposure to the method) and the institute as a whole. The learnings from the experiment at IIM, Indore are relevant to understanding what is at stake in the replication of the method in a new institution. The Socratic Method is not synonymous with the case method; it is not the instructor�s task to invoke the dialectical method in response to an ‘inner voice,’ but an attempt to facilitate the learning process. The method persists despite adverse conditions in many institutions. Questions of form remain more important than content in teaching through this method since it helps to negotiate the gap between ‘management reality’ and ‘methodical management.’ The method should move from a mere ‘post-mortem’ of a business situation to a dynamic orientation and facilitate active learning through the realization of the dictum that ‘the past is in the present as in the future.’ The case method will continue to structure the education of managers in the future despite changes in the nature of competition, the organizational environment, etc. However, it may be necessary to supplement the case method with field-based projects to generate the habit of decision-making; this will also make the learning contemporary for the participants.


Author(s):  
HERNAWATI NASIR ◽  
SURAYA SINTANG

Kertas kerja ini bertujuan menghuraikan kajian futuristik atau kajian masa depan berdasarkan kerangka pandangan Barat dan bagaimana Islam menawarkan Alternatif Masa Depan bagi menyeimbangi keperluan peradaban manusia. Kajian masa depan merupakan satu disiplin ilmu yang menjelaskan bahawa masa depan merupakan satu objek kajian dengan mengambil kira masa kini adalah inti pati permulaan melalui proses mengenal pasti dan memahami fenomena dan proses perubahan yang berlaku pada masa kini yang berlanjutan sehingga masa depan. Perkara ini dihuraikan melalui metode kajian analisis kandungan teks dengan memfokuskan perbincangan pemikiran Barat dan Muslim, iaitu Alvin Toffler dan Ziauddin Sardar. Hasil kajian awal mendapati kerangka konseptual kajian futuristik Barat membangunkan kesedaran terhadap impak kuasa ejen perubahan masa kini, iaitu sains dan teknologi yang menghasilkan tekanan dalaman, kecelaruan, kekeliruan dan kejutan. Alternatif kajian masa depan Islam pula menawarkan strategi futuristik dengan pengamalan saripati Sistem Hierarki Kesedaran, iaitu Tazkiyah sebagai penjanaan kesedaran yang merangkumi kesedaran diri, masyarakat dan manusia global. Syariah menjadi asas mekanisme dalam Projek Umran dan proses ijtihad Sistem Warrd bagi pembangunan tamadun Islam pada masa depan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan cabaran masa depan perlu ditangani dengan kaedah penyelesaian yang berupaya membentuk nilai kebersamaan dalam peradaban manusia.The purpose of this paper is discussing the futuristic studies in accordance to the Western thought and how Islamic perspective provides the alternative for the future of human civilization. A future study is one of the disciplines which explains the future as an object to be studied and the present is the beginning to identify the phenomenon and its current change by the future. This has been done through contextual analysis with the primary focus on the Western and Muslim prominent thinkers who are Alvin Toffler and Ziauddin Sardar. The early findings showed that the Western thought of future studies develops the awareness on the impact of science and technology on human development which causes pressure, disorder, confusion and future shock. The Islamic alternative future studies offer the strategy with the system of consciousness, namely Tazkiyah which includes the consciousness of self, society and global mankind. Syariah becomes the main method for the Umran project and ijtihad for the development of Muslim civilization in the future. The finding shows that the challenge for the future needs to be tackled using ways that are able to form common values for human civilization.


2020 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Andriy Herts ◽  
Ivan Tsidylo ◽  
Nataliia Herts ◽  
Ljubov Barna ◽  
Stanislav-Ivan Mazur

This article describes how to connect to PhotosynQ and some of the features of a cloud service. The focus is on organizing communication between the web service and the Internet of Things. An example and procedure for integrating a number of digital encoders that are not included in the list supported by the default platform through modification of the open-source base firmware is given. It has been suggested that in the future, a number of tools can be designed in the future, including for environmental monitoring, using basic digital sensors included in the so-called Arduino UNO Kit kits and more. It is emphasized that the PhotosynQ web platform, which is related to the SaaS cloud computing model, is an environment for collecting, analyzing, deriving and discussing results where research protocols and calculation procedures are open access. Its primary focus is only on working with a specific list of dashboards, offset by the openness of the software itself, which provides communication with the platform.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
John Agnew

Abstract:The regions–cohesion nexus focuses on how much people and place “prosperity” cannot be readily distinguished but are intimately connected. After reviewing some older sources on this logic, the article examines the current status of social cohesion within the European Union and what the future might hold depending on how much a crucial balance between global competitiveness and social cohesion is restored as the centerpiece of the supranational union. Current trends point in different directions, so critical choices will have to be made if the European Union as a whole is to survive and prosper. The income and fiscal divides between East and West and North and South should be the primary focus for rehabilitating the regions–cohesion nexus.Resumen: El nexo regiones–cohesión se centra en la difi cultad de distinguir las personas de los lugares en “prosperidad”, porque están intrínsecamente conectados. Después de revisar algunas referencias clásicas sobre esta lógica, este artículo examina el estado actual de la cohesión social dentro de la UE y lo que puede deparar el futuro dependiendo de cuánto se puede restablecer un equilibrio crucial entre la competitividad global y la cohesión social, como pieza central de la unión supranacional. Las tendencias actuales apuntan en diferentes direcciones. Será necesario tomar decisiones críticas para que la UE en su conjunto pueda sobrevivir y prosperar. El ingreso y las divisiones fiscales entre Oriente y Occidente, Norte y Sur, deberían ser el foco principal de atención para rehabilitar el nexo regiones–cohesión.Résumé: L’étude du lien entre régions et cohésion montre l’interdépendance qui existe entre la prospérité des peuples de celles des lieux. A partir d’une revue de la bibliographie sur ce sujet, cet article examine l’état actuel de la cohésion sociale à l’intérieur de l’Union européenne. Il s’intéresse également à son futur et à l’importance de la restauration d’un équilibre entre la compétitivité globale et la cohésion sociale en faveur de l’union supranationale. Les tendances actuelles indiquent différentes directions de telle manière que des choix critiques devront être faits pour que l’EU dans son ensemble survive et prospère. Le nivelement des disparités salariales et fiscales entre l’Est et l’Ouest et le Nord et le Sud devrait être le premier objectif visant à réhabiliter le lien entre régions et cohésion.


2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Mitchell

From a historical, cross-comparative, life course perspective, this paper examines changing family-related transitions to adulthood and emergent trends and issues for aging families. Primary focus is placed on Canadian families, although comparisons will be made with several Western industrialized countries (U.S., Britain, France, Italy, Sweden). Using nationally representative data, key findings reveal a general extension of young adulthood, in addition to continuation, diversity and reversibility of family behaviours. Future patterns are also explored, in light of other socio-demographic and socio-economic change. It is concluded that aging families of the future will likely display elements of both modified individualism and increased diversification.


2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (S349) ◽  
pp. 489-493
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Corbally ◽  
Richard O. Gray

AbstractThis year 2018 has great historical and current significance for stellar spectral classification. Two hundred years ago in Reggio Emilia, Italy, was born Angelo Secchi, a pioneer of observing and classifying the spectra of stars. At the beginning of the IAU, almost a hundred years ago, one of its original Commissions was entitled the Spectral Classification of Stars, from which was generated Commission 45, Spectral Classification and Multi-band Colour Indices. And seventy-five years ago, was published the system-changing MKK, An Atlas of Stellar Spectra. Through this necessarily brief, historical view we shall recall how spectral classification, supported internationally by the IAU, continually updated its techniques, while remaining anchored to standards. This has ensured that the MK classification process stays very relevant to the initial characterizing of stars in the 21st century era of large spectral surveys.


1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Fisher

The interaction of the various components of a bridge structure under normal vehicular loading has sometimes resulted in cracking in unexpected locations in relatively short periods of time. In girder type bridges this cracking has often occurred in the web at short gaps between attachments and the flanges. Although the problem has been more prevalent with welded members, cracking has also occurred in riveted members.This paper examines three cases of fatigue cracking from out-of-plane displacements: one case in which transportation and handling resulted in high cyclic stresses at the ends of transverse web stiffeners; a second case in which the end rotation of transverse floor beams framing into longitudinal girder webs resulted in cracking at the end of the connection plates welded to the girder web; and a third case in which riveted connection plates connecting cantilever brackets to floor beams were found to be susceptible to in-plane bending as a result of relative movement between the girder and the floor system.Field and laboratory studies were beneficial in assessing the mode of behavior and causes of fatigue cracking. The results of these studies were useful in developing ways to avoid such cracking in the future.


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