scholarly journals Testing the Effects of a Preceding Self-Control Task on Decision-Making in Soccer Refereeing

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Englert ◽  
Anna Dziuba ◽  
Geoffrey Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Control Strength ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Accuracy Rates

The present study tested the assumption that the momentary level of self-control strength affects the accuracy rates in a sports-related judgment and decision-making task. A total of N = 27 participants rated the veracity of 28 video-taped statements of soccer players who were interviewed by a non-visible referee after a critical game-related situation. In half of the videos, the players were lying, and in the other half, they were telling the truth. Participants were tested twice: once with temporarily depleted self-control strength and once with temporarily available self-control strength (order counterbalanced; measurements separated by exactly 7 days). Self-control strength was experimentally manipulated with the Stroop task. In line with two-process models of information processing, we hypothesized that under ego depletion, information is processed in a rather heuristic manner, leading to lower accuracy rates. Contrary to our expectations, the level of temporarily available self-control strength did not have an effect on accuracy rates. Limitations and implications for future research endeavors are discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of Self-Control on Subjective Well-Being: Examining the Moderating Role of Trait and State Motivation

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guojun Zhao ◽  
Fusen Xie ◽  
Yuchen Luo ◽  
Yixuan Liu ◽  
Yuan Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Motivation ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Moderating Role

It is well documented that self-control has a positive effect on individuals’ subjective well-being. However, little research has focused on the moderators underlying this relationship. The present research used two studies to examine the moderating role of both trait and state motivation on the relationship between self-control and subjective well-being using psychometric and experimental models, respectively. In Study 1, we explored whether trait motivation (including promotion vs. prevention motivation) moderated the relationship between trait self-control and subjective well-being using a psychometric model. In Study 2, we examined the moderating effects of both trait and state motivation on the effect of state self-control (measured via ego depletion) on subjective well-being using an experimental model. Our results indicated that self-control had a positive effect on subjective well-being, with this relationship being primarily moderated by prevention motivation. When state and trait prevention motivations were congruent, self-control had the most obvious impact on subjective well-being. This study suggests that current understandings around the association between self-control and happiness is limited, implying that motivation should be the focus of future research.

Values Activation and Present Bias

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
Onna Brewer ◽  
Orhan Erdem
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Values Clarification ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Present Bias ◽  
Writing Activity

Present bias—difficulty resisting instant gratification over a future and larger reward (also called delay discounting)—has been associated with various suboptimal behaviors and health outcomes. Several methods have been proposed to produce reductions in this bias and promote self-control. In this randomized experimental study of 137 undergraduate college students, the authors examined the effect of a 10-minute values clarification writing exercise on present bias in a monetary decision-making task compared with a neutral writing activity. While participants in the values clarification condition showed less present-biased behavior, this finding was not statistically significant at the .05 level. Thus, they place emphasis on implications for future research and practice with the aims of reducing present bias and building better communities.

scholarly journals EGO DEPLETION AND ITS EFFECT ON AUDITORS’ JUDGMENT AND DECISION-MAKING QUALITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-244
Author(s):  
Lufi Y. Mursita ◽  
◽  
Nurul Mustafida ◽  
Rizki Rachmadia ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Physical Problems ◽  
Fatigue Data ◽  
Convenience Sampling

Abstract This study aimed to examine the determinants of ego depletion and its effect on judgment and decision-making (JDM) quality. Auditing is one of the professions vulnerable to ego depletion, which is a temporary state of lack of cognitive resources to self-control caused by physical or psychological fatigue. Data were collected via online survey on 121 auditors in Indonesia who were selected by convenience sampling. The results showed that interpersonal conflict positively affected ego depletion. In line with ego depletion theory, the results supported previous research that ego depletion negatively affected JDM quality. Interestingly, this research also found that the level of industry-specific experience reduced the effect of ego depletion on JDM quality. In conclusion, psychological problems had a more significant influence on auditor cognitive resources than physical problems, which could then have an impact on his/her performance in generating judgments and decisions.

Convergence of Direct, Indirect, and Objective Risk-Taking Measures in Gambling

2010 ◽  
Vol 218 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friederike X. R. Dislich ◽  
Axel Zinkernagel ◽  
Tuulia M. Ortner ◽  
Manfred Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Risk Propensity ◽  
Indirect Measures ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Based on dual-process models, we assumed that risk taking depends on implicit and explicit risk attitudes and risk propensity. Specifically, we predicted that the convergence between these indicators would depend on the impulsiveness versus reflectiveness of risk behavior. Two objective personality tests (OPTs) of risk taking that measure risk behavior in standardized situations were employed. We predicted that the impulsive OPT would depend more on implicit risk dispositions. The reverse effect pattern was expected for the reflective OPT. Next, we expected that self-control would amplify the weight of explicit dispositions and attenuate that of implicit dispositions. At Time 1, two direct questionnaire measures of explicit risk proneness, three indirect measures of implicit risk proneness, and a self-control measure were administered. At Time 2, participants participated in a reflective and an impulsive gambling OPT. The assumed pattern of effects was obtained. We conclude with a discussion of future research avenues.

Effect of Ego Depletion and Expectancy Beliefs on Working Memory, Problem Solving, Task Persistence, and Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-253
Author(s):  
Adnan Adil ◽  
Asmara Kanwal ◽  
Saba Ghayas ◽  
Anam Khan
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Task Persistence ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Will Power ◽  
And Task

The present study was undertaken to examine the influence of ego depletion and expectancy beliefs (EB) about the limited will power of self-control on task performance and task persistence through a 2 (ego depleted vs. non-ego depleted group) x 3 (group with positive EB, group with negative EB, and the group without any EB) between subject experimental design. The participants (N = 210) were undergraduates of University of Sargodha who were randomly distributed to each of the six treatment conditions. Ego Depletion Task (Baumeister, Bratslavsky, Muraven, & Tice, 1998) and Feedback Task (Fried & Aronson, 1995) were adapted for the manipulation of the independent variables. Working memory (WM) was assessed through Digit Symbol Coding subscale of WAIS (Wechsler, 1997) and scores and time taken on an anagram task (Clarkson, Hirt, Jia, & Alexander, 2010) operationalized performance on problem-solving and task persistence, respectively. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that the participants in the non-depleted group had significantly higher mean scores on problem-solving and WM tasks than those of their counterparts in the ego-depleted group. The group with the positive EB had the highest mean scores on WM and problem-solving tasks as compared to the other groups. The interaction effect of beliefs about limited will power of selfcontrol and ego depletion remained nonsignificant. Limitations and recommendations for future research were reflected upon.

The Effects of Depleted Self-Control Strength on Skill-Based Task Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmond McEwan ◽  
Kathleen A. Martin Ginis ◽  
Steven R. Bray
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Myoelectrical Activity ◽  
Control Strength ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of depleted self-control strength on skill-based sports task performance. Sixty-two participants completed the following: a baseline dart-tossing task (20 tosses), with measures of accuracy, reaction time, and myoelectrical activity of the arms taken throughout; a self-control depletion (experimental) or a nondepletion (control) manipulation; and a second round of dart tossing. As hypothesized, participants in the experimental condition had poorer mean accuracy at Round 2 than control condition participants, and a significant decline in accuracy from Round 1 to Round 2. Experimental condition participants also demonstrated poorer consistency in accuracy compared with control condition participants at Round 2 and a significant deterioration in consistency from Round 1 to Round 2. In addition, consistency in reaction time improved significantly for the control group but not for the experimental group. The results of this study provide evidence that ego depletion effects occur in the performance of a skill-based sports task.

scholarly journals Aging and Decision-Making: A Conceptual Framework for Future Research - A Mini-Review

Gerontology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna E. Löckenhoff
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Task Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Life Decision

Age differences in decision-making are of theoretical interest and have important practical implications, but relevant lines of work are distributed across multiple disciplines and often lack integration. The present review proposes an overarching conceptual framework with the aim of connecting disjointed aspects of this field of research. The framework builds on process models of decision-making and specifies potential mechanisms behind age effects as well as relevant moderators including task characteristics and contextual factors. After summarizing the extant literature for each aspect of the framework, compensatory mechanisms and ecological fit between different components of the model are considered. Implications for real-life decision-making, remaining research gaps, and directions for future research are discussed.

Ego Depletion and Attention Regulation Under Pressure: Is a Temporary Loss of Self-Control Strength Indeed Related to Impaired Attention Regulation?

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Englert ◽  
Kris Zwemmer ◽  
Alex Bertrams ◽  
Raôul R.D. Oudejans
Keyword(s):  
Motor Task ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
General Assumption ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Attention Regulation ◽  
Control Strength ◽  
Dart Throwing ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Impaired Attention

In the current study we investigated whether ego depletion negatively affects attention regulation under pressure in sports by assessing participants’ dart throwing performance and accompanying gaze behavior. According to the strength model of self-control, the most important aspect of self-control is attention regulation. Because higher levels of state anxiety are associated with impaired attention regulation, we chose a mixed design with ego depletion (yes vs. no) as between-subjects and anxiety level (high vs. low) as within-subjects factor. Participants performed a perceptual-motor task requiring selective attention, namely, dart throwing. In line with our expectations, depleted participants in the high-anxiety condition performed worse and displayed a shorter final fixation on bull’s eye, demonstrating that when one’s self-control strength is depleted, attention regulation under pressure cannot be maintained. This is the first study that directly supports the general assumption that ego depletion is a major factor in influencing attention regulation under pressure.

Anxiety, Ego Depletion, and Sports Performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Englert ◽  
Alex Bertrams
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Free Throw ◽  
Control Strength ◽  
Performance Under Pressure

In the present article, we analyzed the role of self-control strength and state anxiety in sports performance. We tested the hypothesis that self-control strength and state anxiety interact in predicting sports performance on the basis of two studies, each using a different sports task (Study 1: performance in a basketball free throw task, N = 64; Study 2: performance in a dart task, N = 79). The patterns of results were as expected in both studies: Participants with depleted self-control strength performed worse in the specific tasks as their anxiety increased, whereas there was no significant relation for participants with fully available self-control strength. Furthermore, different degrees of available self-control strength did not predict performance in participants who were low in state anxiety, but did in participants who were high in state anxiety. Thus increasing self-control strength could reduce the negative anxiety effects in sports and improve athletes’ performance under pressure.

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