scholarly journals Inhibition Effect of Extract of Psychotria viridiflora Stem on α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase and Its Application in Lowering the Digestibility of Noodles

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qimin Chen ◽  
Joanne Yi Hui Toy ◽  
Cynthia Seta ◽  
Tiong Chia Yeo ◽  
Dejian Huang
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins ◽  
Gastrointestinal Conditions ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Forest Plant Species

A collection of tropical medicinal plants from East Malaysia's rainforests are used by indigenous tribes for their curative properties. Despite their purported healing properties, these forest plant species are largely unexplored and hence remain virtually unknown to the outside world. In this study, antidiabetic properties of Psychotria viridiflora, a plant used to treat diabetes by a local community in Sarawak, Malaysia were investigated. Ethyl acetate (EA) extract of P. viridiflora stem was found to exhibit high starch hydrolase inhibition activity with an IC50 value of 15.4 ± 2.1 μg/ml against porcine α-amylase and an IC50 value of 32.4 ± 3.7 μg/ml against rat intestinal α-glucosidase. A complex mixture of A-type oligomeric proanthocyanidins containing (epi)fisetinidol, (epi)afzelechin, (epi)guibourtinidol, and (epi)catechin were found. These compounds may be responsible for the starch hydrolase inhibition activity. Ethyl acetate (EA) extract of P. viridiflora stem was incorporated into wheat and rice flour to reformulate noodles with slow digestibility and was assessed under in vitro simulated gastrointestinal conditions. A dose-dependent effect on digestibility was observed for both noodles upon incorporation of 1-6% (w/w) of EA extract, with noodles containing 6% (w/w) extract exhibiting the greatest reduction in digestibility. As compared to rice noodles containing 6% extract (31.16% inhibition), wheat noodles with the same extract concentration had a smaller decline in digestibility (27.25% inhibition) after 180 min. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of P. viridiflora in the prevention of postprandial hyperglycaemia.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Urease, Elastase, and β-Glucuronidase Enzymatic Activity by Applying Aqueous Extracts of Opuntia oligacantha C.F. Först Acid Fruits: In Vitro Essay under Simulated Digestive Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7705
Author(s):  
Gabriela Medina-Pérez ◽  
Laura Peralta-Adauto ◽  
Laura Afanador-Barajas ◽  
Fabián Fernández-Luqueño ◽  
Elizabeth Pérez-Soto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Conditions ◽  
Excessive Intake ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
High Doses

Non-communicable diseases such as gastric inflammatory diseases and the hepatic pathologies are mainly related to bad lifestyle habits such as recurrent consumption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), excessive intake of alcohol, tobacco, steroids (high doses), alkaline agents, strong acid foods, and high-fat food, and Helicobacter pylori infections, among others. The fruit of Opuntia oligacantha C.F. Först var. Ulapa (xoconostle) is currently being studied due its nutritional and functional properties. The objective of the present study was to evaluate gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities of different parts of xoconostle fruit by establishing in vitro simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Four treatments were established to test aqueous extracts (pericarp (P), mesocarp (M), endocarp (E) and whole fruit (W)). The quantified bioactive compounds were the total phenols, flavonoids, tannins, and betalains. The enzymatic assays were: urease, elastase, and β-glucuronidase. Significant differences (p < 0.05) of bioactive compounds content were measured in xoconostle extracts, the highest concentration was found in W (phenols 313 mg GAE/100 g, flavonoids 189 mg QE/100 g, tannins 71 mg CATE/100 g). The betalains content was higher in E; 17 mg/100 g significant differences were observed (p < 0.05) in the enzymatic inhibitions test (urease, elastase and β-glucuronidase), where W presented the highest inhibition activity (86%, 79%, and 84%), respectively. Bioactive compounds after in vitro gastrointestinal tests were maintained above 60% enzymatic inhibition activity.

scholarly journals α-Amilase Inhibitory Activity of Fraction of Ethanolic Extract of Lebui Seed (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) Grown in West Nusa Tenggara

2020 ◽  
pp. 266-272
Author(s):  
Dian Resti Setyaningrum ◽  
Rumiyati ◽  
Yekti Asih Purwestri ◽  
Satrijo Saloko ◽  
Agung Endro Nugroho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Bioactive Content ◽  
Amylase Inhibitors

Diabetes is a metabolic syndrome characterized by high blood sugar levels or hyperglycemia.Alpha-amylase inhibitors can be used as an antidiabetic that controls postprandial hyperglycemia.Alpha-amylase inhibitors are found in plants as protein and non-protein bioactive content such as in lebuiseed. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of alpha-amylase inhibition of the fraction ofethanol extract of lebui seed. This research was carried out by extraction of lebui seed and then fractionatedlebui extract to obtain n-hexane fraction (HF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), and water fraction (WF). Thefractions then tested to alpha-amylase inhibition activity in vitro by measuring the reducing sugar using3.5-dinitrosalicylic (DNS) reagent. Furthermore, the identification of the bioactive content of each fraction wascarried out using thin layer chromatography. The results of alpha-amylase inhibition activity test showed thatall fractions had the ability to inhibit alpha-amylase. The IC50 value of the n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetatefraction, and water fraction were 173.05 mg/ml, 9.98 mg/ml, and 137.19 mg/ml, respectively. Ethyl acetatefraction has the smallest IC50 value compared to other fractions. Based on the identification of the bioactivecontent, bioactive content that is only found in the ethyl acetate fraction but not in other fractions are tannins.Therefore, the chemical content in lebui seed which acts as an alpha-amylase inhibitor might be tannins.

scholarly journals UJI IN VITRO DAN IN SILICO SENYAWA 5,7,2’,5’-TETRAHYDROXY FLAVAN-3-OL TERHADAP ENZIM ALPHA GLUCOSIDASE

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-283
Author(s):  
Frengki Frengki ◽  
Deddi Prima ◽  
Fatma Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Daan Khambri ◽  
Henny Vanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Antidiabetic Effect ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

Several of Calophyllums genus have been searched and proven as medicinal plants and Calophyllum macrophyllum is one of its genus. We have been isolated a compound from ethyl acetate fraction of the stem-bark. The compound was flavan-3-ol (5,7,2’,5’-tetrahydroxy flavan-3-ol). This research aimed to determine inhibition antidiabetic activity and affinity of its compound on α-glycosidase enzyme. In vitro antidiabetic effect shown by IC50 9.10 µg/ml and docking by Arguslab 4.01 shown by ΔG -10,24 kkal/mol as in silico test. The inhibition activity of flavan-3-ol against the α-glucosidase enzyme that is very strong shows its promising potential as a candidate for antidiabetic drugs.

scholarly journals Impact of Simulated Gastrointestinal Conditions on Antiglycoxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibition Capacities of Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1670
Author(s):  
Didier Fraisse ◽  
Alexis Bred ◽  
Catherine Felgines ◽  
François Senejoux
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Intestinal Phase ◽  
Simulated Digestion ◽  
Gastrointestinal Conditions ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
Chemical Integrity ◽  
Hplc Analyses

Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) is a widespread anthocyanin derivative, which has been reported in vitro to exert potent antioxidant, antiglycation and α-glucosidase inhibition effects. Nevertheless, the physiological relevance of such properties remains uncertain considering its significant instability in gastrointestinal conditions. A simulated digestion procedure was thus instigated to assess the influence of gastric and intestinal media on its chemical integrity and biological activities. HPLC analyses of digested C3G samples confirmed the striking impact of intestinal conditions, as attested by a decomposition ratio of 70%. In contrast, with recovery rates of around 90%, antiglycation, as well as DPPH and ABTS scavenging assays, uniformly revealed a noteworthy persistence of its antiglycoxidant capacities. Remarkably, a prominent increase of its α-glucosidase inhibition activity was even observed after the intestinal phase, suggesting that classical in vitro evaluations might underestimate C3G antidiabetic potential. Consequently, the present data provide novel and specific insights on C3G’s digestive fate, suggesting that the gastrointestinal tract does not profoundly affect its positive action on oxidative and carbonyl stresses. More specifically, it also tends to support its regulating effects on postprandial hyperglycemia and its potential usefulness for diabetes management.

scholarly journals Identification of Bioactive Compounds and α-Glucosidase Inhibition Activity of Caesalpinia bonduc Seed Extract In vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Oczhinvia Dwitasari ◽  
Djarot Sasongko Hami Seno ◽  
Mega Safithri
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Positive Results

This study is aimed for finding alternative ways to treat diabetes. Many studies have beendone before, but focused on identification of α-glucosidase inhibition mechanism. This study wasconducted by extracting Caesalpinia bonduc seed using two methods maceration by ethanol 96%and the others boil by water. The ethanol extract was then fractioned into three fractions, n-hexane,ethyl acetate, and ethanol. To find the bioactive compounds, the ethanol extract was then tested byseveral phytochemistry tests. The phytochemistry test showed positive results for alkaloid, flavonoid,saponin and triterpenoid. The inhibition mechanism was tested using pNPG. The inhibition testshown that the mechanism was a competitive inhibition, by the Dixon plot. The calculated inhibitionconcentrations for 50% substrate (IC50) for ethyl acetate fraction are 1655.8079 μg/ml for 5 mMsubstrate and 803.9521 μg/ml for 10 mM substrate. From the results of this study, we concluded thatthe extract of Caesalpinia bonduc has inhibition activity toward α-glucosidase enzyme. Keywords: α-glucosidase inhibition, Caesalpinia bonduc seed extract, diabetes treatment

Antioxidant Activity, Inhibition α-Glucosidase of Ethanol Extract of Strychnos nitida G. Don and Identification of Active Compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Stefani Dhale Rale ◽  
Hasim Hasim ◽  
Syamsul Falah
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Activity Inhibition ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

This study aims to find the treatment of diabetes using natural materials by exploring plants in the province of East Nusa Tenggara. his research was conducted out by extracting the Strychnos nitida G.Don stem using a method of maceration by ethanol 70%. Ethanol extract was then fractionated using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Simplicia from maceration and fractionation results were then tested for antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase inhibition activity and identification of active compounds. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction had the lowest IC50 value of 86.83 μg / ml. Results of the α-glucosidase activity test showed that ethyl acetate fraction and n-heksan fraction at 900 ppm had the highest percentage of inhibition of 34.23% and 33.89%. Identification using LCMS/MS method showed that ethyl acetate fraction consist of Benzenemethamine, N, N-dioctyl- as an antioxidantcompound and compound 24-methyl-5-cholestone-hexol as an antidiabetic compound. From the results of this study, we concluded that the extract of kayu ular Strychnos nitida G.Don stem has inhibition activity toward α-glucosidase enzyme.

In-vitro bactericidal activity of a novel plant source Plumeria pudica against some human and fish pathogenic bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhaisi Das ◽  
Sunanda Burman ◽  
Goutam Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Aldehyde Groups

Background: The only remedy for up surging problem of antibiotic resistance is the discovery of antibacterial agents of natural origin. Objective: The present study was aimed at finding antibacterial potential of crude and solvent extracts of mature leaves of Plumeria pudica. Methods: Antibacterial activity of three different solvent extracts were evaluated in four human and four fish pathogenic bacteria by measuring the zone of inhibition and determining Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration values. Standard antibiotics were used as positive control. Preliminary phytochemical screening of most effective extract i.e., ethyl acetate extract, Fourier Transform Infra Red analysis and GC-MS analysis of the Thin Layer Chromatographic (TLC) fraction of ethyl acetate extract were done meticulously. All experiments were done thrice and analyzed statistically. Results: Crude leaf extracts and solvent extracts caused good inhibition of bacterial growth in all selected bacteria. Ethyl acetate extract showed highest inhibition zones in all tested strains with maximum inhibition (19.50±0.29 mm) in Escherichia coli (MTCC 739). MBC/MIC of the extracts indicated that all three solvent extracts were bactericidal. Preliminary phytochemical tests revealed the presence of tannins, steroids and alkaloids and FT-IR analysis revealed presence of many functional groups namely alcoholic, amide, amine salt and aldehyde groups. From the GC-MS analysis of TLC fraction of ethyl acetate extract five different bioactive compounds e.g., 2,4-ditert –butylphenyl 5-hydroxypentanoate, Oxalic acid; allyl nonyl ester, 7,9-Ditert-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4,5)deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione, Dibutyl phthalate and 2,3,5,8-tetramethyl-decane were identified. Conclusion: Leaf extracts of P. pudica contain bioactive compounds that can be used as broad spectrum bactericidal agent.

Isolation and Identification of a Potent PTP1B Inhibitor, Ursolic Acid, from Carolina Jasmine (Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) J.St.-Hil.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 939-943
Author(s):  
Toshiro Noshita ◽  
Yusuke Kakizoe ◽  
Satoshi Tanabe ◽  
Hidekazu Ouchi ◽  
Akihiro Tai
Keyword(s):  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B ◽  
Inhibiting Activity ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Gelsemium Sempervirens

Extracts of Carolina jasmine (Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) J.St.-Hil.) petals were evaluated in vitro for inhibition activity against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). The principle active agent was also isolated from the extract and identified as ursolic acid (1). This is the first report of ursolic acid from G. sempervirens and of PTP1B-inhibiting activity in the genus Gelsemium.

In Vitro and In Vivo Neutralizing Activity of Uvaria chamae Leaves Fractions on the Venom of Naja nigricollis in Albino Rat and Bovine Blood

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-311
Author(s):  
Ada Gabriel ◽  
Mamman Mohammed ◽  
Mohammed G. Magaji ◽  
Yusuf P. Ofemile ◽  
Ameh P. Matthew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Haemolytic Activity ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Aqueous Residue

Background: Snakebite envenomation is a global priority ranked top among other neglected tropical diseases. There is a folkloric claim that Uvaria chamae is beneficial for the management of snakebite and wounds in African ethnobotanical surveys. Besides, there are many registered patents asserting the health benefits of U. chamae. Objective: This study aimed to investigate U. chamae’s potentials and identify candidates for the development of tools for the treatment and management of N. nigricollis envenomation. Methods: Freshly collected U. chamae leaves were air-dried, powdered, and extracted in methanol. The median lethal dose of the extract was determined and further fractionated with n-hexane, n-butanol and ethyl acetate. Each fraction was tested for neutralizing effect against venom-induced haemolytic, fibrinolytic, hemorrhagic, and cytotoxic activities. Results: U. chamae fractions significantly (p<0.05) neutralized the haemolytic activity of N. nigricollis venom in n-butanol; 31.40%, n-hexane; 33%, aqueous residue; 39.60% and ethyl acetate; 40.70% at the concentration of 100mg/ml of each fraction against 10mg/ml of the snake venom when compared to the positive control. The fibrinolytic activity of N. nigricollis venom was significantly (p<0.05) neutralized in n-hexane at 73.88%, n-butanol; 72.22% and aqueous residue; 72.22% by the fractions of U. chamae. In addition, haemorrhagic activity of N. nigricollis venom was significantly (p<0.05) neutralized by U. chamae fractions at the concentrations of 100mg/ml, 200mg/ml and 400mg/ml except for n-butanol and aqueous residues at 400 mg/ml. Conclusion: U. chamae leaves fractions possess a high level of protection against N. nigricollis venoms-induced lethality and thus validate the pharmacological rationale for its usage in the management of N. nigricollis envenomation.

Evaluation of Snake Venom’s PhospholipaseA2 Enzyme Inhibition Activity of Cyphostemma adenocoule

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-202
Author(s):  
Atul Kaushik ◽  
Teamrat S. Tesfai ◽  
Daniel K. Barkh ◽  
Furtuna K. Ghebremeskel ◽  
Habtom G. Zerihun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Snake Venom ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Background: A snake bite is fundamentally an injury often resulting in puncture wounds meted out by the animal's fangs and occasionally resulting in envenomation. Rate of snake bites around 5,400,000 bites per year leads to over 2,500,000 envenomings and around 125,000 fatal cases annually. Snake venom enzymes are rich in metalloproteinases, phospholipaseA2, proteinases, acetylcholinesterases and hyaluronidases. Objective: Cyphostemma adenocoule is traditionally being used for the treatment of snake bites in Eritrea. The present research was aimed at evaluating the snake venom enzyme inhibition activity of C. adenocoule against puff adder venom and developing a base for the traditional use of the plant against snakebites in Eritrea. Methods: The anti-venom activity of C. adenocoule was assessed in-vitro through phospholipaseA2 enzyme inhibition assay using egg yolk as a cell. The ethanol and chloroform extracts of C. adenocoule showed in vitro anti phospholipase A2 activity, whereas the water extracts of the plant showed no activity. Results: Among the extracts of C. adenocoule, the highest percentage of inhibition was obtained from chloroform extract (95.55% at 100mg/ml). The extract showed prominent activity at different concentrations (34.7% at10mg/ml, 48.8% at 20mg/ml, 54.8% at 40mg/ml, 60.9% at 60mg/ml, 80.5% at 80mg /ml). The ethanol extract also showed certain activity at various concentrations (25.22% at10mg/ml, 14.78% at 20mg/ml, 2.6% at40mg/ml). The activity of the chloroform extracts increases as concentration increases, whereas the activity of the ethanol extracts decreases as concentration increases. The aqueous extract of C. adenocoule did not show any activity at all concentrations. Conclusion: In this study, the chloroform and ethanol extracts of the plant inhibited the enzyme of interest and thus proved the efficacy of anti-snake venom activity of the plant.

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