Dose-Response Reduction in Risk of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma From Smoking Cessation: A Multicenter Case-Control Study in Hong Kong, China

BackgroundCigarette smoking is associated with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) risk. Whether quitting reduces the risk is unclear. We investigated the associations of NPC with duration of and age at quitting in an endemic region.MethodsWe investigated the associations between NPC and quitting in a multicenter case-control study in Hong Kong with 676 newly diagnosed NPC cases and 1,285 hospital controls between 2014 and 2017, using a computer-assisted self-administered questionnaire. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression yielded adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of NPC by quitting status, duration and age of quitting, combinations of duration and age of quitting, and quitting to smoking duration ratio, compared with current smoking.ResultsQuitting (AOR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.53–0.98) and never smoking (0.73, 0.56–0.95) were associated with lower NPC risk. NPC risk decreased with (i) longer quitting duration (p < 0.01), reaching significance after 11–20 (0.62, 0.39–0.99) and 21+ years (0.54, 0.31–0.92) of quitting; (ii) younger quitting age (p = 0.01), reaching significance for quitting at <25 years (0.49, 0.24–0.97); and (iii) higher quitting to smoking duration ratio (p < 0.01), reaching significance when the ratio reached 1 (0.60, 0.39–0.93). Quitting younger (age <25) appeared to confer larger reductions (49% for ≤10 years of quitting, 50% for 11+ years) in NPC risk than quitting at older ages (25+) regardless of quitting duration (16% for ≤10 years, 39% for 11+ years).ConclusionsWe have shown longer duration and younger age of quitting were associated with lower NPC risk, with dose-response relations. Our findings support including smoking as a cause of NPC. Stronger tobacco control measures and quitting services are needed to prevent NPC.

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Predicting dementia diagnosis from cognitive footprints in electronic health records: a case–control study protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043487 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. e043487

Author(s):

Hao Luo ◽

Kui Kai Lau ◽

Gloria H Y Wong ◽

Wai-Chi Chan ◽

Henry K F Mak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Hong Kong ◽

Electronic Health Records ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Dementia Diagnosis ◽

Health Records ◽

Electronic Health ◽

Control Study

IntroductionDementia is a group of disabling disorders that can be devastating for persons living with it and for their families. Data-informed decision-making strategies to identify individuals at high risk of dementia are essential to facilitate large-scale prevention and early intervention. This population-based case–control study aims to develop and validate a clinical algorithm for predicting dementia diagnosis, based on the cognitive footprint in personal and medical history.Methods and analysisWe will use territory-wide electronic health records from the Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System (CDARS) in Hong Kong between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2018. All individuals who were at least 65 years old by the end of 2018 will be identified from CDARS. A random sample of control individuals who did not receive any diagnosis of dementia will be matched with those who did receive such a diagnosis by age, gender and index date with 1:1 ratio. Exposure to potential protective/risk factors will be included in both conventional logistic regression and machine-learning models. Established risk factors of interest will include diabetes mellitus, midlife hypertension, midlife obesity, depression, head injuries and low education. Exploratory risk factors will include vascular disease, infectious disease and medication. The prediction accuracy of several state-of-the-art machine-learning algorithms will be compared.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by Institutional Review Board of The University of Hong Kong/Hospital Authority Hong Kong West Cluster (UW 18-225). Patients’ records are anonymised to protect privacy. Study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications. Codes of the resulted dementia risk prediction algorithm will be made publicly available at the website of the Tools to Inform Policy: Chinese Communities’ Action in Response to Dementia project (https://www.tip-card.hku.hk/).

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Dose–response association between vitamin D deficiency and atopic dermatitis in children, and effect modification by gender: a case-control study

Journal of Dermatological Treatment ◽

10.1080/09546634.2019.1643447 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Amal Ahmed Mohamed ◽

Eman Mohamed Salah Ahmed ◽

Youssef M. K. Farag ◽

Nermeen Ibrahim Bedair ◽

Nourelhuda Ahmed Nassar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Dose Response ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Effect Modification ◽

Control Study

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Joint effect between bisphenol A and alcohol consumption on benign prostatic hyperplasia: A case–control study in Hong Kong Chinese males

The Prostate ◽

10.1002/pros.24217 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 81 (15) ◽

pp. 1214-1224

Author(s):

Gengze Liao ◽

Priscilla M. Y. Lee ◽

Shi Zhao ◽

Wing Ming Ho ◽

Augustine T. Lam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Bisphenol A ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Joint Effect ◽

Case Control ◽

Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽

Hong Kong Chinese ◽

Control Study

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Effectiveness of influenza vaccination on influenza-associated hospitalisations over time among children in Hong Kong: a test-negative case-control study

The Lancet Respiratory Medicine ◽

10.1016/s2213-2600(18)30419-3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 925-934 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Shuo Feng ◽

Susan S Chiu ◽

Eunice L Y Chan ◽

Mike Y W Kwan ◽

Joshua S C Wong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Influenza Vaccination ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Negative Case ◽

Control Study ◽

Over Time

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Dose-Response Relationship Between Thrombin-Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor (TAFI) and Stroke: A Chinese Case-Control Study

Medical Science Monitor ◽

10.12659/msm.906628 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

pp. 4376-4381 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Huixu Dai ◽

Jingpu Shi ◽

Qiao He ◽

Hao Sun

Keyword(s):

Dose Response ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Response Relationship ◽

Dose Response Relationship ◽

Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor ◽

Chinese Case ◽

Fibrinolysis Inhibitor ◽

Control Study

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Risk factors for sporadic Campylobacter infection: an all-Ireland case-control study

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/ese.14.07.19123-en ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

Author(s):

K Danis ◽

M Di Renzi ◽

W O’Neill ◽

B Smyth ◽

P McKeown ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Population Attributable Fraction ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Measures ◽

Safety Education ◽

First Case ◽

The Republic ◽

Campylobacter Infection ◽

Control Study

We report the findings of the first case-control study conducted in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland to determine risk factors for sporadic Campylobacter infections. A total of 197 cases and 296 case-nominated controls matched for age, were included. Based on Population Attributable Fraction (PAF), the most important risk factors were consuming chicken [adjusted matched (am) OR 6.8; 95%CI 2.1-21.9], consuming lettuce (amOR 3.3; 95%CI 1.5-7.1) and eating in takeaways (amOR=3.1; 95%CI 1.4-6.6). Contact with sheep (amOR=11; 95%CI 1.6-78), peptic ulcer (amOR=19; 95%CI 3.8-93.7), hiatus hernia (amOR=20.3; 95%CI 2.3-183.3), lower bowel problems (amOR=4.5; 95%CI 1.2-16.8) were also independently associated with infection. Mains water supply showed protective effect (amOR=0.2; 95 CI 0.1-0.9). The findings highlight the continued need for consumer food safety education and further control measures throughout the food chain on the island of Ireland.

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A population-based case-control study of the relationship between cigarette smoking and nasopharyngeal cancer (United States)

Cancer Causes & Control ◽

10.1007/bf00054158 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 507-512 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Kangmin Zhu ◽

Robert S. Levine ◽

Edward A. Brann ◽

Douglas R. Gnepp ◽

Marianna K. Baum

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Nasopharyngeal Cancer ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

The Relationship ◽

Control Study

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The dose-response relationship between tobacco smoking and the risk of lymphomas: a case-control study

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-017-3414-2 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Martina Taborelli ◽

Maurizio Montella ◽

Massimo Libra ◽

Rosamaria Tedeschi ◽

Anna Crispo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dose Response ◽

Tobacco Smoking ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Response Relationship ◽

Dose Response Relationship ◽

Control Study

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Malaria Outbreak Facilitated by Appearance of Vector-Breeding Sites after Heavy Rainfall and Inadequate Preventive Measures: Nwoya District, Northern Uganda, February–May 2018

Journal of Environmental and Public Health ◽

10.1155/2020/5802401 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Godfrey Nsereko ◽

Daniel Kadobera ◽

Denis Okethwangu ◽

Joyce Nguna ◽

Damian Rutazaana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Rainfall ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Measures ◽

Northern Uganda ◽

Entire Study ◽

Breeding Sites ◽

Control Study

Background. Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Uganda. In April 2018, malaria cases surged in Nwoya District, Northern Uganda, exceeding expected limits and thereby requiring epidemic response. We investigated this outbreak to estimate its magnitude, identify exposure factors for transmission, and recommend evidence-based control measures. Methods. We defined a malaria case as onset of fever in a resident of Anaka subcounty, Koch Goma subcounty, and Nwoya Town Council, Nwoya District, with a positive rapid diagnostic test or microscopy for malaria from 1 February to 25 May 2018. We reviewed medical records in all health facilities of affected subcounties to find cases. In a case-control study, we compared exposure factors between case-persons and asymptomatic controls matched by age and village. We also conducted entomological assessments on vector density and behavior. Results. We identified 3,879 case-persons (attack rate [AR] = 6.5%) and two deaths (case-fatality rate = 5.2/10,000). Females (AR = 8.1%) were more affected than males (AR = 4.7%) (p<0.0001). Of all age groups, 5–18 years (AR = 8.4%) were most affected. Heavy rain started in early March 2018, and a propagated outbreak followed in the first week of April 2018. In the case-control study, 55% (59/107) of case-persons and 18% (19/107) of controls had stagnant water around households for several days following rainfall (ORM-H = 5.6, 95% CI = 3.0–11); 25% (27/107) of case-persons and 51% (55/107) of controls wore full extremity covering clothes during evening hours (ORM-H = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.20–0.60); 71% (76/107) of case-persons and 85% (91/107) of controls slept under a long-lasting insecticide-treated net (LLIN) 14 days before symptom onset (ORM-H = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.22–0.85); 37% (40/107) of case-persons and 52% (56/107) of controls had access to at least one LLIN per 2 household members (ORM-H = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.30–0.97). Entomological assessment indicated active breeding sites in the entire study area; Anopheles gambiae sensu lato species were the predominant vector. Conclusion. Increased vector-breeding sites after heavy rainfall and inadequate malaria preventive measures were found to have contributed to this outbreak. We recommended increasing coverage for LLINs and larviciding breeding sites in the area.

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