scholarly journals Fecal and Duodenal Microbiota in Pediatric Celiac Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diyora Abdukhakimova ◽  
Kuanysh Dossybayeva ◽  
Dimitri Poddighe
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Prognostic Biomarker ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Control Groups

Background and Objective: The gut microbiota plays a role in regulating the host immunity. Therefore, alterations in gut microbiota (or dysbiosis) have been investigated in several gastrointestinal diseases, including Celiac Disease (CD). The aim of this study is to summarize the main characteristics of the gut microbiota in pediatric CD.Methods: We performed a systematic review to retrieve the available studies investigating the gut microbiota in pediatric CD patients and controls. In detail, after the screening of >2,200 titles from the medical literature, 397 articles were assessed for eligibility based on the abstracts: of those, 114 full-text original articles were considered as eligible according to the aim of this systematic review.Results: The final search output consisted of 18 articles describing the gut microbiota of CD children and including one or more control groups. Eleven pediatric studies provided information on the duodenal microbiota and as many investigated the fecal microbiota; three articles analyzed the microbiota on both fecal and duodenal samples from the same cohorts of patients.Conclusion: Due to the heterogeneity of the experimental procedures and study design, it is not possible to evidence any specific celiac signature in the fecal and/or duodenal microbiota of CD children. However, some specific components of the fecal microbiota and, in detail, Bifidobacterium spp. (e.g., Bifidobacterium longum) may deserve additional research efforts, in order to understand their potential value as both probiotic therapy and diagnostic/prognostic biomarker.

scholarly journals HUMAN GUT MICROBIOTA AND ITS EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH IN NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
Anca Magdalena Munteanu ◽  
◽  
Raluca Cursaru ◽  
Loreta Guja ◽  
Simona Carniciu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Host ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota

The medical research of the last 1-2 decades allows us to look at the human gut microbiota and microbiome as to a structure that can promote health and sometimes initiate disease. It works like an endocrine organ: releasing specific metabolites, using environmental inputs, e.g. diet, or acting through its structural compounds, that signal human host receptors, to finally contributing to the pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal diseases. The same commensal microbes were found as shapers of the human host response to drugs (cardiovascular, oncology etc.). New technologies played an important role in these achievements, facilitating analysis of the genetic and metabolic profile of this microbial community. Once the inputs, the pathways and a lot of human host receptors were highlighted, the scientists were encouraged to go further into research, in order to develop new pathogenic therapies, targeting the human gut flora. Dual therapies, evolving these “friend microbes”, are another actual research subjects. This review gives an update on the current knowledge in the area of microbiota disbalances under environmental factors, the contribution of gut microbiota and microbiome to the pathogenesis of obesity, obesity associated metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease, as well as new perspectives in preventing and treating these diseases, with high prevalence in contemporary, economically developed societies. It brings the latest and most relevant evidences relating to: probiotics, prebiotics, polyphenols and fecal microbiota transplantation, dietary nutrient manipulation, microbial as well as human host enzyme manipulation, shaping human responses to currently used drugs, manipulating the gut microbiome by horizontal gene transfer.

Principles of DNA-Based Gut Microbiota Assessment and Therapeutic Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Gastrointestinal Diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Cammarota ◽  
Silvia Pecere ◽  
Gianluca Ianiro ◽  
Luca Masucci ◽  
Diego Currò
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Cure Rates

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), a process by which the normal gastrointestinal microbiota is restored, has demonstrated extraordinary cure rates for Clostridium difficile infection and low recurrence. The community of microorganisms within the human gut (or microbiota) is critical to health status and functions; therefore, together with the rise of FMT, the gastrointestinal microbiota has emerged as a ‘virtual' organ with a level of complexity comparable to that of any other organ system and capable to compete with powerful known antibiotics for the treatment of several disorders. Although treatment protocols, donor selection, stool preparation and delivery methods varied widely, with a few reports following an identical protocol, FMT has diffused to other areas where the alterations of the gut microbiota ecology (or dysbiosis) have been theorized to play a causative role, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), among several other extra-intestinal disorders (i.e. metabolic syndrome and obesity, multiple sclerosis, cardiovascular diseases). FMT can be relatively simple to perform, but a number of challenges need to be overcome before this procedure is widely accepted in clinical practice, and currently, there is no consensus between the various gastrointestinal organizations and societies regarding the FMT procedure. In this article, we describe the modern high-throughput sequencing techniques to characterize the composition of gut microbiota and the potential for therapeutics by manipulating microbiota with FMT in several gastrointestinal disorders (C. difficile-associated diarrhea, IBD and IBS), with a look on the potential future directions of FMT.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota-Bile Acid Crosstalk in Diarrhea-Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Kai Zhan ◽  
Huan Zheng ◽  
Jianqing Li ◽  
Haomeng Wu ◽  
Shumin Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
Irritable Bowel

The occurrence of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is the result of multiple factors, and its pathogenesis has not yet been clarified. Emerging evidence indicates abnormal changes in gut microbiota and bile acid (BA) metabolism have a close relationship with IBS-D. Gut microbiota is involved in the secondary BA production via deconjugation, 7α-dehydroxylation, oxidation, epimerization, desulfation, and esterification reactions respectively. Changes in the composition and quantity of gut microbiota have an important impact on the metabolism of BAs, which can lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal diseases. BAs, synthesized in the hepatocytes, play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of gut microbiota and the balance of glucose and lipid metabolism. In consideration of the complex biological functional connections among gut microbiota, BAs, and IBS-D, it is urgent to review the latest research progress in this field. In this review, we summarized the alterations of gut microbiota in IBS-D and discussed the mechanistic connections between gut microbiota and BA metabolism in IBS-D, which may be involved in activating two important bile acid receptors, G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR). We also highlight the strategies of prevention and treatment of IBS-D via regulating gut microbiota-bile acid axis, including probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), cholestyramine, and the cutting-edge technology about bacteria genetic engineering.

scholarly journals A systematic review on the role of microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of eating disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira Anna Carbone ◽  
Pasquale D'Amato ◽  
Giuseppe Vicchio ◽  
Pasquale De Fazio ◽  
Cristina Segura-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Affective Symptoms

Abstract Background There is growing interest in new factors contributing to the genesis of eating disorders (EDs). Research recently focused on the study of microbiota. Dysbiosis, associated with a specific genetic susceptibility, may contribute to the development of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa, or binge eating disorder, and several putative mechanisms have already been identified. Diet seems to have an impact not only on modification of the gut microbiota, facilitating dysbiosis, but also on its recovery in patients with EDs. Methods This systematic review based on the PICO strategy searching into PubMed, EMBASE, PsychINFO, and Cochrane Library examined the literature on the role of altered microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of EDs. Results Sixteen studies were included, mostly regarding AN. Alpha diversity and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels were lower in patients with AN, and affective symptoms and ED psychopathology seem related to changes in gut microbiota. Microbiota-derived proteins stimulated the autoimmune system, altering neuroendocrine control of mood and satiety in EDs. Microbial richness increased in AN after weight regain on fecal microbiota transplantation. Conclusions Microbiota homeostasis seems essential for a healthy communication network between gut and brain. Dysbiosis may promote intestinal inflammation, alter gut permeability, and trigger immune reactions in the hunger/satiety regulation center contributing to the pathophysiological development of EDs. A restored microbial balance may be a possible treatment target for EDs. A better and more in-depth characterization of gut microbiota and gut–brain crosstalk is required. Future studies may deepen the therapeutic and preventive role of microbiota in EDs.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota modification as an option in multiple sclerosis management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Zwiernik ◽  
Tomasz Arłukowicz ◽  
Marcin Mycko ◽  
Jacek Zwiernik
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
T And B Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Comprehensive Intervention

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is caused by the abnormal activity of the immune system. It is believed that the pathological immune response may be initiated in the intestines, the area of the largest antigen presentation. This is where autoreactive T and B cells are activated, which constitutes the pathomechanism of this disease. In a healthy organism, normal gut microbiota mediates the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory activity of the immune system. Aim: This paper aims at describing the healthy gut microbiota, its changes in MS patients, factors that influence its composition and therapeutic corrective possibilities. Material and methods: The paper is based on available medical literature. Results and discussion: It has been evidenced that in MS patients the gut microbiota is dominated by pro-inflammatory species. This may be caused by environmental factors, for instance, the diet, antibiotics or stimulants. Methods of the microbiota correction involve dietary change, prebiotics and probiotics as well as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). FMT is a particularly safe and promising method that has proven its efficiency on an animal model of MS. Conclusions: Experimental research has revealed that the correction of the gut microbiota may lead to MS remission or alleviation. FMT utilized in inflammatory bowel disease seems to be presently the most comprehensive intervention. Since only incidental reports of its efficiency in humans are presently available, further clinical studies are necessary.

scholarly journals First Insights into the Gut Microbiota of Mexican Patients with Celiac Disease and Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Garcia-Mazcorro ◽  
Xaira Rivera-Gutierrez ◽  
Orestes Cobos-Quevedo ◽  
Peter Grube-Pagola ◽  
Arturo Meixueiro-Daza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Gluten Sensitivity ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference

Gluten-related disorders (GRDs) are common chronic enteropathies and increasing evidence suggests an involvement of the gut microbiota. We examined the gut microbiota in Mexican people afflicted with GRDs. Ultra-high-throughput 16S marker sequencing was used to deeply describe the duodenal and fecal microbiota of patients with celiac disease (CD, n = 6), non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS, n = 12), and healthy subjects (n = 12) from our local area. Additionally, we also investigated the changes in gut microbiota after four weeks on a gluten-free diet (GFD) in a subset of patients from whom paired samples were available. Despite a high inter-individual variability, significant differences in various microbial populations were identified. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) method revealed that the genus Actinobacillus and the family Ruminococcaceae were higher in the duodenal and fecal microbiota of NCGS patients, respectively, while Novispirillum was higher in the duodenum of CD patients (p < 0.05, LDA score > 3.5). Interestingly, paired samples from NCGS patients showed a significant difference in duodenal Pseudomonas between the baseline period (median: 1.3%; min/max: 0.47–6.8%) and the period after four weeks on GFD (14.8%; 2.3–38.5%, p < 0.01, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). These results encourage more research on GRDs in México.

scholarly journals GUT MICROBIOTA AND THE USE OF PROBIOTICS IN CONSTIPATION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Oliveira Vale San Gomes ◽  
Mauro Batista de Morais
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Data Source

ABSTRACT Objective: To perform a systematic review of literature data on gut microbiota and the efficacy of probiotics for the treatment of constipation in children and adolescents. Data source: The research was performed in the PubMed, the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) databases in English, Portuguese and Spanish. All original articles that mentioned the evaluation of the gut microbiota or the use of probiotics in children with constipation in their title and abstract were selected. Data synthesis: 559 articles were found, 47 of which were selected for reading. From these, 12 articles were included; they studied children and adolescents divided into two categories: a gut microbiota evaluation (n=4) and an evaluation of the use of probiotics in constipation therapy (n=8). The four papers that analyzed fecal microbiota used different laboratory methodologies. No typical pattern of gut microbiota was found. Regarding treatment, eight clinical trials with heterogeneous methodologies were found. Fifteen strains of probiotics were evaluated and only one was analyzed in more than one article. Irregular beneficial effects of probiotics have been demonstrated in some manifestations of constipation (bowel frequency or consistency of stool or abdominal pain or pain during a bowel movement or flatulence). In one clinical trial, a complete control of constipation without the use of laxatives was obtained. Conclusions: There is no specific pattern of fecal microbiota abnormalities in constipation. Despite the probiotics’ positive effects on certain characteristics of the intestinal habitat, there is still no evidence to recommend it in the treatment of constipation in pediatrics.

Serendipity in Refractory Celiac Disease: Full Recovery of Duodenal Villi and Clinical Symptoms after Fecal Microbiota Transfer

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvette H. Van Beurden ◽  
Tom Van Gils ◽  
Nienke A. Van Gils ◽  
Zain Kassam ◽  
Chris J.J. Mulder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Disease Type ◽  
T Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Refractory Celiac Disease

Treatment of refractory celiac disease type II (RCD II) and preventing the development of an enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma in these patients is still difficult. In this case report, we describe a patient with RCD II who received fecal microbiota transfer as treatment for a recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, and remarkably showed a full recovery of duodenal villi and disappearance of celiac symptoms. This case suggests that altering the gut microbiota may hold promise in improving the clinical and histological consequences of celiac disease and/or RCD II. Abbreviations: CDI: Clostridium difficile infection; EATL : enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma; FMT: fecal microbiota transfer; IEL: intraepithelial lymphocytes; RCD II: refractory celiac disease type II; TPN: total parenteral nutrition.

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