scholarly journals Estrogenic Plants: to Prevent Neurodegeneration and Memory Loss and Other Symptoms in Women After Menopause

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Echeverria ◽  
Florencia Echeverria ◽  
George E. Barreto ◽  
Javier Echeverría ◽  
Cristhian Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Estrogen Therapy ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Black Cohosh ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Sexual Hormones ◽  
Turnera Diffusa ◽  
And Function

In mammals, sexual hormones such as estrogens play an essential role in maintaining brain homeostasis and function. Estrogen deficit in the brain induces many undesirable symptoms such as learning and memory impairment, sleep and mood disorders, hot flushes, and fatigue. These symptoms are frequent in women who reached menopausal age or have had ovariectomy and in men and women subjected to anti-estrogen therapy. Hormone replacement therapy alleviates menopause symptoms; however, it can increase cardiovascular and cancer diseases. In the search for therapeutic alternatives, medicinal plants and specific synthetic and natural molecules with estrogenic effects have attracted widespread attention between the public and the scientific community. Various plants have been used for centuries to alleviate menstrual and menopause symptoms, such as Cranberry, Ginger, Hops, Milk Thistle, Red clover, Salvia officinalis, Soy, Black cohosh, Turnera diffusa, Ushuva, and Vitex. This review aims to highlight current evidence about estrogenic medicinal plants and their pharmacological effects on cognitive deficits induced by estrogen deficiency during menopause and aging.

scholarly journals The serotonergic system and cognitive function

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dubravka Švob Štrac ◽  
Nela Pivac ◽  
Dorotea Mück-Šeler
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Targets ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Cognition Enhancement ◽  
And Function ◽  
Poor Concentration

AbstractSymptoms of cognitive dysfunction like memory loss, poor concentration, impaired learning and executive functions are characteristic features of both schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The neurobiological mechanisms underlying cognition in healthy subjects and neuropsychiatric patients are not completely understood. Studies have focused on serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) as one of the possible cognitionrelated biomarkers. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the current literature on the role of the serotonergic (5-HTergic) system in cognitive function, particularly in AD and schizophrenia.The role of the 5-HTergic system in cognition is modulated by the activity and function of 5-HT receptors (5-HTR) classified into seven groups, which differ in structure, action, and localization. Many 5-HTR are located in the regions linked to various cognitive processes. Preclinical studies using animal models of learning and memory, as well as clinicalThe current evidence implies that reduced 5-HT neurotransmission negatively influences cognitive functions and that normalization of 5-HT activity may have beneficial effects, suggesting that 5-HT and 5-HTR represent important pharmacological targets for cognition enhancement and restoration of impaired cognitive performance in neuropsychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals A systematic review of herbal medicines to improve the sexual function of menopausal women

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Tanya Koliji ◽  
Zohre Keshavarz ◽  
Elham Zare ◽  
Faraz Mojab ◽  
Malihe Nasiri
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Function ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Black Cohosh ◽  
Menopausal Woman ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Menopausal Women

Sexual function is one of the most important aspects of menopausal women, and its disorder is a common condition among this group of women. The long-term side effects of hormone replacement therapy to improve this disorder have led women to seek alternative therapies. The purpose of this review is to summarize clinical trials of herbal medicines that improve the sexual function of menopausal women. In this review article, the content was searched in 6 databases to identify double- and triple-blind clinical trial studies from January 2000 to April 2020. The search was conducted in English and Persian. Studies were considered if they were related to menopausal woman, sexual function and its various domains. A total of 479 articles were reviewed, 31 of which were included in the study after reviewing the full text. In this study, 3 articles on ginseng, 4 articles on fennel, 2 articles on Fenugreek, 3 articles on bindii, 3 articles on Red clover, 1 article on Schisandra, 2 articles on Hops; 3 articles about Black cohosh, 2 articles about soy, 2 articles about Ginkgo biloba, 1 article about Nigella sativa, 1 article about neroli oil, 1 article about maca, 1 article about Date pollen, 1 article about Aphrodite and 1 article on the combination of St John’s wort and vitex were evaluated. Red ginseng, fennel, bindii, Red clover and Black cohosh have the greatest effect on improving the sexual function of menopausal women, and people can be encouraged to use these plants.

scholarly journals Hormone therapy after risk-reducing surgery in patients with BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation: evaluation of potential benefits and safety

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1134-1138
Author(s):  
Agnaldo Lopes da Silva Filho ◽  
Gabriella Martins Carvalho ◽  
Larissa Cristelli de Sena ◽  
Lívia Passini Guimarães Gomes ◽  
Marcos Flávio Habib Valério ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Brca2 Mutation ◽  
Estrogen Therapy ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Prophylactic Measure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Risk Reducing

SUMMARY Women with mutations in the BRCA 1 and 2 genes are at increased risk for ovarian and breast cancer and therefore candidates for risk-reducing surgery, including salpingo-oophorectomy and mastectomy. Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) is considered the most effective prophylactic measure for ovarian cancer prevention in this group of patients. This procedure involves loss of ovarian function and induced menopause. Estrogen therapy is the most effective treatment for controlling vasomotor symptoms and improving the quality of life of climacteric women. However, the potential hormonal stimulation of these tumors and the risk of breast cancer are a concern regarding the safety of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in this population. This article aims to review the current evidence regarding the potential benefits and safety of HRT after RRSO.

scholarly journals Menarche in primary ovarian insufficiency after a month of hormone replacement therapy: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Biwen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Estrogen Therapy ◽  
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency ◽  
Hormonal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Ovarian Insufficiency ◽  
Breakthrough Bleeding ◽  
Hormonal Replacement ◽  
Ovarian Dysgenesis

Abstract Background Gynecologic anomalies, including uterine agenesis and ovarian dysgenesis, are some of the several differential diagnoses in adolescent females with primary amenorrhea and delayed puberty. Primary ovarian insufficiency is reported in the clinical practice of reproductive endocrinology can be determined by conducting sex hormone tests to evaluate the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. However, confirmation of Mullerian agenesis by image modalities can be extremely challenging. Once the diagnosis is established, breakthrough bleeding usually occurs 2 to 3 years after hormonal replacement therapy. Case presentation We report a case of a seventeen year old Taiwanese female, 46 XX karyotype, with ovarian dysgenesis and an initial tentative diagnosis of uterine agenesis who experienced a breakthrough bleeding after a month of hormonal replacement therapy. Conclusions The breakthrough bleeding after a month of estrogen therapy in primary ovarian insufficiency is uncommon, and the diagnosis of the absent uterus can have an extensive psychological impact on patients and their families.

scholarly journals Astrocytic transporters in Alzheimer's disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 474 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Ugbode ◽  
Yuhan Hu ◽  
Benjamin Whalley ◽  
Chris Peers ◽  
Marcus Rattray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Specific Targeting ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapies ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
And Function

Astrocytes play a fundamental role in maintaining the health and function of the central nervous system. Increasing evidence indicates that astrocytes undergo both cellular and molecular changes at an early stage in neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). These changes may reflect a change from a neuroprotective to a neurotoxic phenotype. Given the lack of current disease-modifying therapies for AD, astrocytes have become an interesting and viable target for therapeutic intervention. The astrocyte transport system covers a diverse array of proteins involved in metabolic support, neurotransmission and synaptic architecture. Therefore, specific targeting of individual transporter families has the potential to suppress neurodegeneration, a characteristic hallmark of AD. A small number of the 400 transporter superfamilies are expressed in astrocytes, with evidence highlighting a fraction of these are implicated in AD. Here, we review the current evidence for six astrocytic transporter subfamilies involved in AD, as reported in both animal and human studies. This review confirms that astrocytes are indeed a viable target, highlights the complexities of studying astrocytes and provides future directives to exploit the potential of astrocytes in tackling AD.

Highlights on Important Medicinal Plants for the Menopause Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaele de A. Rodrigues ◽  
Aline de S. Ramos ◽  
José Luiz P. Ferreira ◽  
Jefferson Rocha de A. Silva ◽  
Ana Clara B. Maria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Artery Disease

Background: A reduction in ovarian hormones, which is distinctive of menopause, often involves signs and symptoms that compromise the quality of life and health of women. The transient manifestations are changes in the menstrual cycle, vasomotor symptoms, neuropsychological symptoms, and genitourinary changes. In some cases, the hormonal changes can evolve to non-transitory manifestations, which include urinary incontinence, changes in metabolism, osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases. Hormone replacement therapy is the treatment of choice to alleviate transient symptoms of menopause; however, there are many limitations, contraindications and situations in which the risks of adverse effects are high, such as coronary artery disease, stroke, venous thromboembolism, dementia, type 2 diabetes, and the increased incidence of breast cancer. Objective: This work aims to highlight important medicinal plants for the treatment of the transient symptoms of menopause, with less side effects than traditional hormone replacement therapy. Results: There is sufficient information regarding the efficacy and safety in the use of the following plant species in the treatment of transient symptoms of menopause: Actaea racemosa, Glycine max, Trifolium pratense, Salvia officinalis, Humulus lupulus, Panax ginseng, Vitex agnus-castus, and Trigonella foenum-graecum. Additionally, the search indicated the chemical classes related to the benefits of the selected species, adverse effects, and interactions with other drugs.

Natural product-based nanomedicine: Recent advances and issues for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choy Ker Woon ◽  
Wong Kah Hui ◽  
Razif Abas ◽  
Muhammad Huzaimi Haron ◽  
Srijit Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Drug Transport ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Progressive Neurodegeneration ◽  
The Brain

: Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects the elderly and is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration caused by different pathologies. The most significant challenges in treating AD include the inability of medications to reach the brain because of its poor solubility, low bioavailability, and the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Additionally, current evidence suggests the disruption of BBB plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. One of the critical challenges in treating AD is the ineffective treatments and its severe adverse effects. Nanotechnology offers an alternative approach to facilitate the treatment of AD by overcoming the challenges in drug transport across the BBB. Various nanoparticles (NP) loaded with natural products were reported to aid in drug delivery for the treatment of AD. The nano- sized entities of NP are great platforms for incorporating active materials from natural products into formulations that can be delivered effectively to the intended action site without compromising the material’s bioactivity. The review highlights the applications of medicinal plants, their derived components, and various nanomedicine-based approaches for the treatment of AD. The combination of medicinal plants and nanotechnology may lead to new theragnostic solutions for the treatment of AD in the future.

scholarly journals Ovarian Epithelial Cancer Stem Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1243-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Conic ◽  
Irena Dimov ◽  
Desanka Tasic-Dimov ◽  
Biljana Djordjevic ◽  
Vladisav Stefanovic
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Ovarian Epithelial Cancer ◽  
Cells Of Origin ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
And Function

The last decade witnessed an explosion of interest in cancer stem cells (CSCs). The realization of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) as a CSC-related disease has the potential to change approaches in the treatment of this devastating disease dramatically. The etiology and early events in the progression of these carcinomas are among the least understood of all major human malignancies. Compared to the CSCs of other cancer types, the identification and study of EOC stem cells (EOCSCs) is rather difficult due to several major obstacles: the heterogeneity of tumors comprising EOCs, unknown cells of origin, and lack of knowledge considering the normal ovarian stem cells. This poses a major challenge for urgent development in this research field. This review summarizes and evaluates the current evidence for the existence of candidate normal ovarian epithelial stem cells as well as EOCSCs, emphasizing the requirement for a more definitive laboratory approach for the isolation, identification, and enrichment of EOCSCs. The present review also revisits the ongoing debate regarding other cells and tissues of origin of EOCs, and discusses early events in the pathogenesis of this disease. Finally, this review discusses the signaling pathways that are important regulators of candidate EOCSC maintenance and function, their potential role in the distinct pathogenesis of different EOC subtypes, as well as potential mechanisms and clinical relevance of EOCSC involvement in drug resistance.

scholarly journals The Phytochemistry of Cherokee Aromatic Medicinal Plants

Medicines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Setzer
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Black Cohosh ◽  
Cimicifuga Racemosa ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Aromatic And Medicinal Plants ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Background: Native Americans have had a rich ethnobotanical heritage for treating diseases, ailments, and injuries. Cherokee traditional medicine has provided numerous aromatic and medicinal plants that not only were used by the Cherokee people, but were also adopted for use by European settlers in North America. Methods: The aim of this review was to examine the Cherokee ethnobotanical literature and the published phytochemical investigations on Cherokee medicinal plants and to correlate phytochemical constituents with traditional uses and biological activities. Results: Several Cherokee medicinal plants are still in use today as herbal medicines, including, for example, yarrow (Achillea millefolium), black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa), American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius), and blue skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora). This review presents a summary of the traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, and biological activities of Cherokee aromatic and medicinal plants. Conclusions: The list is not complete, however, as there is still much work needed in phytochemical investigation and pharmacological evaluation of many traditional herbal medicines.

Hormone replacement therapy with estradiol and drospirenone: An overview of the clinical data

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Endometrial Hyperplasia ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Estrogen Therapy ◽  
New Form ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Activity ◽  
Synthetic Progestogen

A new form of continuous combined hormone replacement therapy has become available that contains estradiol and drospirenone as the progestogen component. Drospirenone is a synthetic progestogen, the only one in hormone replacement therapy in the UK that possesses clinically relevant anti-mineralocorticoid activity. The combination of estradiol and drospirenone has been shown to provide relief from estrogen-deficiency symptoms of the menopause. It also helps to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women by increasing bone density. Further, it has been shown to provide protection against endometrial hyperplasia associated with unopposed estrogen therapy.

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