scholarly journals Improved Survival and Retinal Function of Aging ZDF Rats in Long-Term, Uncontrolled Diabetes by BGP-15 Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zita Wachal ◽  
Anna Szilágyi ◽  
Barbara Takács ◽  
Adrienn Mónika Szabó ◽  
Dániel Priksz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Western Blot Method ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Future Drug ◽  
Term Tolerability ◽  
Zdf Rats

Retinal complications of diabetes often lead to deterioration or even loss of vision. This hastens discovery of pharmacological agents able to counterbalance diabetic retinopathy. BGP-15, an emerging small molecule agent, was formerly proven by our workgroup to be retinoprotective on nonobese diabetic animals, Goto-Kakizaki rats. In the present study, we aimed to examine its long-term tolerability or incidental side effects on obese-prone Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats to further increase the rationale for a future human translation. To make terminal visual status comparable with our other investigations, we also carried out electroretinography (ERG) at the end of the experiment. Our study was started on 16-week-old ZDF rats and lasted for 52 weeks, while BGP was administered daily by gavage. During the 12 months of treatment, 100% of BGP-treated animals survived compared to the non-treated ZDF group, where 60% of the animals died, which was a statistically significant difference. Based on ERG results, BGP-15 was able to counterbalance visual deterioration of ZDF rats caused by long-term diabetes. Some moderate but significant changes were seen in OGTT results and some relationship to oxidative stress by the western blot method: BGP-15 was able to increase expression of HSP70 and decrease that of NFkB in eyes of rats. These were in concert with our previous observations of SIRT1 increment and MMP9 decrement in diabetic eyes by BGP. In summary, not only is BGP-15 not harmful in the long run but it is even able to reduce the related mortality and the serious consequences of diabetes. BGP-15 is an excellent candidate for future drug development against diabetic retinopathy.

scholarly journals Association of Microalbuminuria and Bevacizumab Therapy Outcomes in Diabetic Retinopathy Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Ahmad Rasoulinejad
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Fast Blood Sugar ◽  
Therapy Outcomes ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Urine Albumin ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a visual impairment-related eye disease developed by long-term hyperglycemic status. Diabetic condition in DR patients leads to diabetic organopathies (e.g., renal failure). Albuminuria, as a hallmark of renal failure, can be correlated with visual indicators in DR patients. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the role of albuminuria status in visual acuity (VA) and bevacizumab therapy outcomes in DR patients. Methods: In this retrospective study, 48 DR patients were admitted to the Ophthalmology Center of Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital, affiliated with Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. The retinopathy status and VA were identified before and after treatment through 45 days of bevacizumab therapy. In addition, fast blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c, urine albumin, and urine creatinine were evaluated using standard laboratory methods. Results: The VA value before treatment in microalbuminuric DR patients (0.106 ± 0.036) was significantly lower than non-microalbuminuric DR patients (0.347 ± 0.286; P < 0.001). Furthermore, VA value after treatment in microalbuminuric DR patients (0.115 ± 0.071) was significantly lower than non-microalbuminuric DR patients (0.355 ± 0.272; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the percentage of VA increase between microalbuminuric and non-microalbuminuric patients. Moreover, the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) was correlated with a lower VA level before and after treatment (P < 0.001 for both). There was no correlation between the percentage of VA increase with ACR, albumin, and creatinine. Conclusions: The current study results showed that different VA before and after bevacizumab therapy status was correlated with microalbuminuria status. Additionally, microalbuminuria status did not affect the percentage of VA increase in the treatment of DR patients.

Do neurons have mood and how can it be stabilised?

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 2050-2050
Author(s):  
L.G. Hranov
Keyword(s):  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain ◽  
Respiratory Chain Enzyme ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Intracellular Messengers ◽  
Apoptotic Pathways

Polarity of affective tone has taken the role of the core defining feature of bipolar affective disorder (BAD) eclipsing Falret's and Kraepelin's emphasis on cyclicity and recurrence. Yet in many clinical cases polarity is lost in the course of time while cyclic recurrence persists for decades, completely disrupting patients’ lives. That's why true “mood stabilisation” aims not as much at reducing episode severity as at reducing episode number to a minimum.On the neuronal level polarity could be envisaged as interplay between arousal and inhibition due to trans-membrane ion currents, either brief and adaptive or pathologically sustained. Cyclicity and recurrence could arise from permanent deficits in neuronal plasticity and resilience which are to a large extent under genetic control. The “mood stabilising” properties of different pharmacological agents are due to multi-level actions on the intracellular signal transduction pathways affecting the function of Gi and Go proteins, of some intracellular messengers (mioinositol, Bcl-2, ER stress proteins, MARKS, the complex calmodulin-synapsin1-synaptotagmin), and of some crucially important enzymes: adenilyl cyclase, various protein kinases (ά, ε, C, MAP, Akt), mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme complexes, histone deacetylase and acetyltransferase, GSK-3. Thus, in the long run “mood-stabilising agents” exert blockade of excitotoxic/apoptotic pathways, phosphorilation of microtubular proteins, and regulation of the expression of genes implicated in processes involved in neuroplasticity, neuroprotection, even neurogenesis, and hamper the long-term neuronal (and by extension, mental) deterioration. Lithium displays the broadest spectrum of such actions and provides, by far, the best control over the chronic protean symptoms of BAD.

scholarly journals Single-port versus multiport laparoscopic surgery comparing long-term patient satisfaction and cosmetic outcome

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 5533-5539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Raakow ◽  
Denis Klein ◽  
Atakan Görkem Barutcu ◽  
Matthias Biebl ◽  
Johann Pratschke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Single Port ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Introduction Several studies and meta-analysis showed Single-port or Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SPL) to be superior over Multiport laparoscopic surgery (MPL) mainly in terms of postoperative pain and cosmetic result. But very little is known whether these results are only a short-term effect or are persistent on the long run after SPL. We therefore evaluated and compared long-term outcomes regarding cosmesis and chronic pain after SPL and MPL. Methods We conducted a comparative study with propensity score matching of all patients undergoing SPL or MPL between October 2008 and December 2013 in terms of postoperative cosmetic results and chronic pain. Follow-up data were obtained from mailed patient questionnaires and telephone interviews. Postoperative cosmesis was assessed using the patients overall scar opinion on a 10-point scale and the Patients scale of the standardized Patient and Observer Scar assessment scale (POSAS). Chronic pain was assessed by 10-point scales for abdominal and umbilical scar pain. Results A total of 280 patients were included in the study with 188 patients (67.1%) after SPL and 92 patients (32.9%) following MPL. 141 patients (50.4%) underwent a cholecystectomy and 139 patients (49.6%) underwent an appendectomy. The mean follow-up time was 61.1 ± 19.1 months. The mean wound satisfaction assed by the overall scar and the PSOAS Patients scale score of the patients showed no significant difference between MPL and SPL. Patients after SPL reported more overall complains than after MPL (8.7% vs. 2.5%, respectively), but without statistical significance (p = 0.321). Umbilical pain scores were comparable between the two groups (1.4 ± 1.0 vs. 1.4 ± 1.0, p = 0.831). Conclusion We found no difference in long-term cosmetic outcomes after SPL and MPL. Chronic pain at the umbilical incision site was comparable on the long run.

Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-374
Author(s):  
IRA MARKS
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Direct Association ◽  
Study Population

To the Editor.— In their article on risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in youth, Malone et al1 make note of the recent report of Goldstein and associates2 of a direct association between antecedent long-term glycemic control and the development of diabetic retinopathy in a population with age and duration of diabetes similar to those in the study population of Malone et al. However, Malone et al do not mention a significant difference between their study group and that of Goldstein et al: the group of Malone et al had no well-controlled diabetics whereas the group of Goldstein et al had many.

scholarly journals Biofilm reduction potential of 0.02% polyhexanide irrigation solution in several types of urethral catheters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian H. H. Brill ◽  
Julia Hambach ◽  
Christian Utpatel ◽  
Diana Mogrovejo ◽  
Henrik Gabriel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Irrigation Solution ◽  
Term Tolerability

Abstract Background Long-term use of urethral catheters is associated with high risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) and blockage. Microbial biofilms are a common cause of catheter blockage, reducing their lifetime and significantly increasing morbidity of UTIs. A 0.02% polyhexanide irrigation solution developed for routine mechanical rinsing shows potential for bacterial decolonization of urethral catheters and has the potential to reduce or prevent biofilm formation.Methods Using an in vitro assay with standard market-leading types of catheters artificially contaminated with clinically relevant bacteria, assays were carried out to evaluate the biofilm reduction and prevention potential of a 0.02% polyhexanide solution vs. no intervention (standard approach) and irrigation with saline solution (NaCl 0.9%). The efficiency of decolonization was measured through microbial plate count and membrane filtration.Results Irrigation using a 0.02% polyhexanide solution is suitable for the decolonization of a variety of transurethral catheters. The effect observed is significant compared to irrigation with 0.9% saline solution (p = 0.001) or no treatment (p = 0.018). No significant difference was found between irrigation with 0.9% saline solution and no treatment (p = 0.94). Conclusions The polyhexanide and standard saline solutions are able to reduce bacterial biofilm from urinary catheters, showing a combination of mechanical and antibacterial effects. The data supports a prevention strategy to reduce thick biofilms, which are characteristically difficult to be efficiently removed. Further research is required to evaluate the long-term tolerability and efficacy of polyhexanide in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a Hungarian peer education handwashing programme in primary and secondary schools

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZS. Molnár ◽  
L. Varga ◽  
G. Gyenes ◽  
Á. Lehotsky ◽  
E. Gradvohl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peer Education ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
After School ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
School Students ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractPurposeProper handwashing helps prevent the spread of communicable diseases. The aim of our study was to analyse and compare children's knowledge and skills in hand hygiene before and after school interventions in order to evaluate the effectiveness of our peer education programme.Materials/methodsIn our longitudinal study, short- and long-term changes in the knowledge, hand-washing skills and health behaviour of 224 lower, upper and secondary school students were assessed. Our measurements were performed with a self-administered, anonymous questionnaire and the Semmelweis Scanner.ResultsAs a result of the intervention, the proportion of correct answers increased significantly both in the short term and in the long run compared to the input measurements, but age differences did not disappear for most variables. There is a difference in the process of learning theoretical knowledge and practical skills. Areas not used for handwashing in the paediatric population are different from those described for adults in the literature. There was no significant difference between the mean scores of the right and left hands.ConclusionsThere was a significant positive change in both theory and practice of handwashing. In education, emphasis should also be put on long-term retention of theoretical knowledge in age-specific health promotion programmes within the paediatric population.

IMMUNOREACTIVE GROWTH HORMONE IN PLASMA AND URINE IN LONG TERM INSULIN TREATED DIABETICS IN RELATION TO DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian F. Hanssen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
List Type ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Median Plasma ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT In 15 long term insulin dependent diabetics with a normal excretion of albumin in the urine (< 25 mg/24 h), plasma immunoreactive growth hormone (IRHGH) was measured serially together with the urinary immunoreactive growth hormone (IRHGH) during 24 hours. A positive correlation was shown between mean plasma IRHGH and urinary IRHGH in the individual patient (0.05 > P > 0.02). No significant difference between median plasma IRHGH in the diabetics and controls was observed. However, urinary IRHGH was higher in the diabetics than in the controls (0.05 > P > 0.02). A near positive correlation was shown between urinary IRHGH and glucosuria (R = 0.50, 0.1 > P > 0.05). No correlation was shown between the degree of diabetic retinography and the mean plasma IRHGH or urinary IRHGH.

Infrastructure mortgage in Russia: Opportunities and prospects

2019 ◽  
pp. 114-133
Author(s):  
G. I. Idrisov ◽  
Y. Yu. Ponomarev
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Inflation Expectations ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Negative Effect

The article shows that depending on the goals pursued by the federal government and the available interbudgetary tools a different design of infrastructure mortgage is preferable. Three variants of such mortgage in Russia are proposed, each of which is better suited for certain types of projects and uses different forms of subsidies. According to our expert assessment the active use of infrastructure mortgage in Russia can increase the average annual GDP growth rate by 0.5 p. p. on the horizon of 5—7 years. In the long run the growth of infrastructure financing through the use of infrastructure mortgage could increase long-term economic growth by 0.9 p. p., which in 20—30 years can add 20—30% of GDP to the economy. However, the change in the structure of budget expenditures in the absence of an increase in the budget deficit and public debt will cause no direct impact on monetary policy. The increase in the deficit and the build-up of public debt will have a negative effect on inflation expectations, which will require monetary tightening for a longer time to stabilize them.

Improvement Of Curvilinear Diagrams Of Concrete Deformation

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-104
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Deformation Model ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Deformation Diagrams

Problems when calculating reinforced concrete structures based on the concrete deformation under compression diagram, which is presented both in Russian and foreign regulatory documents on the design of concrete and reinforced concrete structures are considered. The correctness of their compliance for all classes of concrete remains very approximate, especially a significant difference occurs when using Euronorm due to the different shape and sizes of the samples. At present, there are no methodical recommendations for determining the ultimate relative deformations of concrete under axial compression and the construction of curvilinear deformation diagrams, which leads to limited experimental data and, as a result, does not make it possible to enter more detailed ultimate strain values into domestic standards. The results of experimental studies to determine the ultimate relative deformations of concrete under compression for different classes of concrete, which allowed to make analytical dependences for the evaluation of the ultimate relative deformations and description of curvilinear deformation diagrams, are presented. The article discusses various options for using the deformation model to assess the stress-strain state of the structure, it is concluded that it is necessary to use not only the finite values of the ultimate deformations, but also their intermediate values. This requires reliable diagrams "s–e” for all classes of concrete. The difficulties of measuring deformations in concrete subjected to peak load, corresponding to the prismatic strength, as well as main cracks that appeared under conditions of long-term step loading are highlighted. Variants of more accurate measurements are proposed. Development and implementation of the new standard GOST "Concretes. Methods for determination of complete diagrams" on the basis of the developed method for obtaining complete diagrams of concrete deformation under compression for the evaluation of ultimate deformability of concrete under compression are necessary.

PENGARUH INFRASTRUKTUR SECARA SPASIAL TERHADAP KONVERGENSI PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI INDONESIA

INFO ARTHA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Anisa Fahmi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Regional Economics ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Neoclassical Growth Theory

Motivated by inter-regional disparities condition that occurs persistently, this study examines the Indonesian economy in the long run in order to know whether it tends to converge or diverge. This convergence is based on the Solow Neoclassical growth theory assuming the existence of diminishing returns to capital so that when the developed countries reach steady state conditions, developing countries will continuously grow up to 'catch-up' with developed countries. Based on regional economics perspective, each region can not be treated as a stand-alone unit,therefore, this study also focuses on the influence of spatial dependency and infrastructure. Economical and political situations of a region will influence policy in that region which will also have an impact to the neighboring regions. The estimation results of spatial cross-regressive model using fixed effect method consistently confirmed that the Indonesian economy in the long term will likely converge with a speed of 8.08 percent per year. Other findings are road infrastructure has a positive effect on economic growth and investment and road infrastructure are spatially showed a positive effect on economic growth. In other words, the investment and infrastructure of a region does not only affect the economic growth of that region but also to the economy of the contiguous regions. 

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