scholarly journals High-fat diet-induced obesity affects alpha 7 nicotine acetylcholine receptor expressions in mouse lung myeloid cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Qi ◽  
Dan Si ◽  
Li Zhu ◽  
Yanan Qi ◽  
Zhuhua Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Mouse Lung ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Expression Levels

Abstract Ample evidence indicates that obesity causes dysfunctions in the lung. Previous studies also show that cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways play crucial roles in obesity-induced chronic inflammation via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) signaling. However, it remains unclear whether and how obesity affects the expressions of α7nAChR in myeloid cells in the lung. To address this question, we treated regular chow diet-fed mice or high-fat diet induced obese mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or vehicle via endotracheal injections. By using a multicolor flow cytometry approach to analyze and characterize differential cell subpopulations and α7nAChR expressions, we find no detectable α7nAChR in granulocytes, monocytes and alveolar macrophages, and low expression levels of α7nAChR were detected in interstitial macrophages. Interestingly, we find that a challenge with LPS treatment significantly increased expression levels of α7nAChR in monocytes, alveolar and interstitial macrophages. Meanwhile, we observed that the expression levels of α7nAChR in alveolar and interstitial macrophages in high-fat diet induced obese mice were lower than regular chow diet-fed mice challenged by the LPS. Together, our findings indicate that obesity alters the expressions of α7nAChR in differential lung myeloid cells.

scholarly journals Health Effects of Alternate Day Fasting Versus Pair-Fed Caloric Restriction in Diet-Induced Obese C57Bl/6J Male Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe G. Henderson ◽  
Damian L. Turner ◽  
Steven J. Swoap
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Alternate Day Fasting ◽  
Ad Libitum

Alternate day fasting (ADF) induces weight loss and improves various markers of health in rodents and humans. However, it is unclear whether the benefits of ADF are derived from the lower caloric intake of ADF or from the 24-h fasting period. Therefore, this study directly compared selected markers for health – such as glucose control, body weight, liver triglycerides, T cell frequencies, and others – in high-fat (60% calories from fat) diet-induced obese mice subjected to either ADF or caloric restriction (CR). Obese mice were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) ADF: remained on the high-fat diet, but fed on alternate days (n = 5), (2) PF: remained on the high-fat diet, but pair-fed to the ADF group (n = 5), (3) LF: moved to a chow ad libitum diet (n = 5; 17% calories from fat), and (4) HF: remained on the high-fat ad libitum diet (n = 5). An additional group of non-obese mice maintained on a chow diet since weaning were used as controls (CON: n = 5). After 10 weeks, ADF, PF, and LF mice ate fewer kcals, had a lower body mass, had smaller epididymal fat pads, improved glucose tolerance, and had a lower hepatic triglyceride content relative to HF mice (p < 0.05), but none reached that of CON mice in these measures. T cell frequencies of the spleen, blood, and mesenteric lymph nodes were reduced in ADF, PF, and HF compared to the CON group. Importantly, there were no significant differences between the ADF and PF groups in any of the measurements made in the current study. These data suggest that ADF, PF, and LF diets each lead to improved markers of health relative to high-fat diet-induced obese mice, and that the caloric restriction associated with ADF is the major factor for the noted improvements.

scholarly journals Green Tea Extract Supplementation Induces the Lipolytic Pathway, Attenuates Obesity, and Reduces Low-Grade Inflammation in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudio A. Cunha ◽  
Fábio S. Lira ◽  
José C. Rosa Neto ◽  
Gustavo D. Pimentel ◽  
Gabriel I. H. Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Green Tea Extract ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tea Extract ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of green teaCamellia sinensisextract on proinflammatory molecules and lipolytic protein levels in adipose tissue of diet-induced obese mice. Animals were randomized into four groups: CW (chow diet and water); CG (chow diet and water + green tea extract); HW (high-fat diet and water); HG (high-fat diet and water + green tea extract). The mice were fedad libitumwith chow or high-fat diet and concomitantly supplemented (oral gavage) with 400 mg/kg body weight/day of green tea extract (CG and HG, resp.). The treatments were performed for eight weeks. UPLC showed that in 10 mg/mL green tea extract, there were 15 μg/mg epigallocatechin, 95 μg/mg epigallocatechin gallate, 20.8 μg/mg epicatechin gallate, and 4.9 μg/mg gallocatechin gallate. Green tea administered concomitantly with a high-fat diet increased HSL, ABHD5, and perilipin in mesenteric adipose tissue, and this was associated with reduced body weight and adipose tissue gain. Further, we observed that green tea supplementation reduced inflammatory cytokine TNFαlevels, as well as TLR4, MYD88, and TRAF6 proinflammatory signalling. Our results show that green tea increases the lipolytic pathway and reduces adipose tissue, and this may explain the attenuation of low-grade inflammation in obese mice.

scholarly journals Reduced Number of Adipose Lineage and Endothelial Cells in Epididymal fat in Response to Omega-3 PUFA in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Adamcova ◽  
Olga Horakova ◽  
Kristina Bardova ◽  
Petra Janovska ◽  
Marie Brezinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Inflammatory Status

We found previously that white adipose tissue (WAT) hyperplasia in obese mice was limited by dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFA). Here we aimed to characterize the underlying mechanism. C57BL/6N mice were fed a high-fat diet supplemented or not with omega-3 PUFA for one week or eight weeks; mice fed a standard chow diet were also used. In epididymal WAT (eWAT), DNA content was quantified, immunohistochemical analysis was used to reveal the size of adipocytes and macrophage content, and lipidomic analysis and a gene expression screen were performed to assess inflammatory status. The stromal-vascular fraction of eWAT, which contained most of the eWAT cells, except for adipocytes, was characterized using flow cytometry. Omega-3 PUFA supplementation limited the high-fat diet-induced increase in eWAT weight, cell number (DNA content), inflammation, and adipocyte growth. eWAT hyperplasia was compromised due to the limited increase in the number of preadipocytes and a decrease in the number of endothelial cells. The number of leukocytes and macrophages was unaffected, but a shift in macrophage polarization towards a less inflammatory phenotype was observed. Our results document that the counteraction of eWAT hyperplasia by omega-3 PUFA in dietary-obese mice reflects an effect on the number of adipose lineage and endothelial cells.

scholarly journals Vildagliptin Can Alleviate Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Liver Induced by a High Fat Diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqing Ma ◽  
Wenhua Du ◽  
Shanshan Shao ◽  
Chunxiao Yu ◽  
Lingyan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Er Stress ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Expression Levels

Purpose. We investigated whether a DDP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, alleviated ER stress induced by a high fat diet and improved hepatic lipid deposition. Methods. C57BL/6 mice received standard chow diet (CD), high fat diet (HFD), and HFD administered with vildagliptin (50 mg/Kg) (V-HFD). After administration for 12 weeks, serum alanine aminotransferase, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and insulin levels were analyzed. Samples of liver underwent histological examination and transmission electron microscopy, real-time PCR for gene expression levels, and western blots for protein expression levels. ER stress was induced in HepG2 cells with palmitic acid and the effects of vildagliptin were investigated. Results. HFD mice showed increased liver weight/body weight (20.27%) and liver triglycerides (314.75%) compared to CD mice, but these decreased by 9.27% and 21.83%, respectively, in V-HFD mice. In the liver, HFD induced the expression of ER stress indicators significantly, which were obviously decreased by vildagliptin. In vitro, the expressions of molecular indicators of ER stress were reduced in HepG2 when vildagliptin was administered. Conclusions. Vildagliptin alleviates hepatic ER stress in a mouse high fat diet model. In HepG2 cells, vildagliptin directly reduced ER stress. Therefore, vildagliptin may be a potential agent for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

scholarly journals Atractylodes chinensis Water Extract Ameliorates Obesity via Promotion of the SIRT1/AMPK Expression in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2992
Author(s):  
Yea-Jin Park ◽  
Min-gyu Seo ◽  
Divina C. Cominguez ◽  
Insik Han ◽  
Hyo-Jin An
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Increased Risk

Obesity remains a continuing global health concern, as it is associated with an increased risk of many chronic diseases. Atractylodes chinensis Koidz. (Ac) is traditionally used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis, hepatitis, and gastric ulcers. Despite the diverse pharmacological activities of Ac, scientific evidence for the use of Ac in obesity is still limited. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the anti-obesity effects of Ac. C57BL/6N mice were divided into five groups as follows: chow diet group (CON), 45% HFD group, HFD + oral administration of orlistat group, and HFD + oral administration of Ac groups. RT-PCR and western blotting were used to examine the expression of molecules relating to obesity progression. Ac-administered mice showed dramatically decreased body weight and weight gain compared to the high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. In addition, Ac administration attenuated the protein expression levels of adipogenic transcription factors in the white adipose tissue (WAT) and livers of HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, Ac administration declined the expression levels of lipogenic genes, while enhancing those of the fatty acid oxidation genes in the WAT of HFD-fed mice. Importantly, Ac administration highly upregulated the AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression levels in WAT of the HFD-induced obese mouse model. Our results provide evidence that Ac can effectively ameliorate weight gain and adipose tissue expansion.

scholarly journals Dietary Supplemental Glutamine Enhances the Percentage of Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Mice with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Subjected to Hind Limb Ischemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Hsuan Ko ◽  
Sung-Ling Yeh ◽  
Chiu-Li Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor Cells ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Limb Ischemia ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells

This study investigated whether glutamine (GLN) pretreatment can enhance circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and attenuate inflammatory reaction in high-fat diet-induced obese mice with limb ischemia. Mice were assigned to a normal control (NC), high-fat control (HC), limb ischemia (HI), and GLN limb ischemia (HG) groups. The NC group provided chow diet and treated as a negative control. Mice in the HC and HI groups were fed a high-fat diet which 60% energy provided by fat for 8 weeks. Mice in the HG group were fed the same diet for 4 weeks and then transferred to a high-fat diet with 25% of total protein nitrogen provided as GLN to replace part of the casein for the subsequent 4 weeks. After feeding 8 weeks, mice in the HC group were sham-operated, while the HI and HG groups underwent an operation to induce limb ischemia. All mice except the NC group were euthanized on either day 1 or 7 after the operation. The results showed that the 8 weeks’ high-fat diet feeding resulted in obesity. The HG group had higher circulating EPCs on day 1 while muscle vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 gene expressions were higher on day 7 postischemia than those of the HI group. The superoxide dismutase activity and reduced glutathione content in affected muscles were higher, whereas mRNA expressions of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α were lower in the HG than those in the HI group. These findings suggest that obese mice pretreated with GLN-supplemented high-fat diet increased circulating EPC percentage, enhanced the antioxidant capacity, and attenuated inflammatory reactions in response to limb ischemia.

scholarly journals Anti-Obesity Effects of Lactobacillus fermentum CQPC05 Isolated from Sichuan Pickle in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice through PPAR-α Signaling Pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zhu ◽  
Fang Tan ◽  
Jianfei Mu ◽  
Ruokun Yi ◽  
Xianrong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Expression Levels

Sichuan pickle is a traditional fermented food in China which is produced by the spontaneous fermentation of Chinese cabbage. In this study, the anti-obesity effects of a new lactic acid bacterium (Lactobacillus fermentum CQPC05, LF-CQPC05) isolated from Sichuan pickles were assessed in vivo. An obese animal model was established in mice by inducing obesity with high-fat diet. Both serum and tissues were collected from the mice, and then subjected to qPCR and Western blot analyses. The results showed that LF-CQPC05 could decrease the values of hepatosomatic, epididymal fat, and perirenal fat indices that were induced by a high-fat diet in mice. Moreover, LF-CQPC05 reduced the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and increased the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in both serum samples and liver tissues of obese mice fed with a high-fat diet. Pathological observations demonstrated that LF-CQPC05 could alleviate the obesity-induced pathological changes in the liver tissue of mice, and reduce the degree of adipocyte enlargement. The results of qPCR and Western blot analyses further indicated that LF-CQPC05 upregulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), PPAR-α: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α), (cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase) CYP7A1, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1A), and downregulated the expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBP-α) in both liver tissue and epididymal adipose tissue. Taken altogether, this study reveals that LF-CQPC05 can effectively inhibit high-fat diet-induced obesity. Its anti-obesity effect is comparable to that of l-carnitine, and is superior to that of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, a common strain used in the dairy industry. Therefore, LF-CQPC05 is a high-quality microbial strain with probiotic potential.

scholarly journals α7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist Ameliorates Nicotine Plus High-Fat Diet–Induced Hepatic Steatosis in Male Mice by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Stimulating AMPK Signaling

Endocrinology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 931-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kamrul Hasan ◽  
Theodore C Friedman ◽  
Carl Sims ◽  
Desean L Lee ◽  
Jorge Espinoza-Derout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Hepatocyte Apoptosis ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine

Abstract α7-Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) agonists confer protection against a wide variety of cytotoxic insults and suppress oxidative stress and apoptosis in various cell systems, including hepatocytes. We recently demonstrated that nicotine, when combined with a high-fat diet (HFD), triggers oxidative stress, activates hepatocyte apoptosis, and exacerbates HFD-induced hepatic steatosis in male mice. This study evaluates whether PNU-282987 (PNU), a specific α7nAChR agonist, is effective in preventing nicotine plus HFD–induced hepatic steatosis. Adult C57BL6 male mice were fed a normal chow diet or HFD with 60% of calories derived from fat and received twice-daily intraperitoneal injections of 0.75 mg/kg body weight (BW) of nicotine, PNU (0.26 mg/kg BW), PNU plus nicotine, or saline for 10 weeks. PNU treatment was effective in attenuating nicotine plus HFD–induced increase in hepatic triglyceride levels, hepatocyte apoptosis, and hepatic steatosis. The preventive effects of PNU on nicotine plus HFD–induced hepatic steatosis were mediated by suppression of oxidative stress and activation of adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) together with inhibition of its downstream target sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-coenzyme A-carboxylase (ACC). We conclude that the α7nAChR agonist PNU protects against nicotine plus HFD–induced hepatic steatosis in obese mice. PNU appears to work at various steps of signaling pathways involving suppression of oxidative stress, activation of AMPK, and inhibition of SREBP1c, FAS, and ACC. α7nAChR agonists may be an effective therapeutic strategy for ameliorating fatty liver disease, especially in obese smokers.

scholarly journals IBF-R Regulates IRE1α Post-Translational Modifications and ER Stress in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Hwa-Young Lee ◽  
Geum-Hwa Lee ◽  
Young Yoon ◽  
The-Hiep Hoang ◽  
Han-Jung Chae
Keyword(s):  
Er Stress ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Rhus Verniciflua ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Obesity is a global health issue linked to the heightened risk of several chronic diseases. Rhus verniciflua (RV) is a traditional food supplement used for a range of pharmacological effects such as antitumor, antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory effects, hepatitis, and arthritis. Despite the traditional medicinal values, scientific evidence for its application in obesity is inadequate and unclear. Thus, this investigation was designed to evaluate the anti-obesity effects of IBF-R, an RV extract, using a high-fat diet (HFD) model. The study has six groups: chow diet group; chow diet with 80 mg/kg IBF-R; HFD group; IBF-R group with 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg. IBF-R supplementation significantly regulated the weight gain than the HFD fed mice. Further, IBF-R supplementation lowered the expressions of adipogenic transcription factors such as SREBP-1c, C/EBPα, FAS, and PPAR-γ in white adipose tissue (WAT) of diet-induced obese mice. In addition, IBF-R supplementation reduced the lipogenic gene expression while enhancing genes was related to fatty acid oxidation. Obesity is linked to redox-based post-translational modifications (PTMs) of IRE1α such as S-nitrosylation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and chronic metabolic inflammation. The administration of IBF-R inhibits these PTMs. Notably, IBF-R administration significantly enhanced the expression of AMPK and sirtuin 1 in WAT of HFD-fed mice. Together, these findings reveal the IRE1α S-nitrosylation-inflammation axis as a novel mechanism behind the positive implications of IBF-R on obesity. In addition, it lays a firm foundation for the development of Rhus verniciflua extract as a functional ingredient in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Antiobesity and antidiabetic effects of the dairy bacterium Propionibacterium freudenreichii MJ2 in high-fat diet-induced obese mice by modulating lipid metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirae An ◽  
Yeon-Hee Park ◽  
Young-Hee Lim
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Model Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

AbstractObesity can cause chronic metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiobesity and antidiabetic effects of the dairy bacterium P. freudenreichii MJ2 isolated from raw milk using 3T3-L1 cells and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Lipid accumulation and the expression levels of genes related to lipid metabolism, such as preadipocytic gene (Pref-1), adipogenic genes (PPARγ and C/EBPα), and lipogenic genes (FAS, SCD-1, and ACC), significantly decreased in heat-killed P. freudenreichii MJ2 (hkMJ2)-treated adipocytes. Live P. freudenreichii MJ2 (MJ2), hkMJ2, and Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) decreased body weight gain in HFD-induced obese mice compared with the model group. The liver and epididymal white adipose tissue weights in the MJ2-, hkMJ2- and LP-treated groups were significantly lower than those in the model group. The expression levels of genes and proteins related to adipogenesis and lipogenesis significantly decreased and lipolysis (HSL and ATGL) increased in the MJ2-, hkMJ2-, and LP-treated groups. The expression levels of genes related to fatty acid β-oxidation (CPT-1α and ACOX1) increased in the MJ2-, hkMJ2-, and LP-treated groups. In addition, blood glucose and fasting insulin levels in the MJ2- and hkMJ2-treated groups decreased compared with those in the model group. P. freudenreichii MJ2 ameliorate insulin resistance by obesity. In conclusion, both MJ2 and hkMJ2 alleviate obesity and metabolic syndrome.

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