scholarly journals Comparison and Functional Analysis of Chemosensory Protein Genes From Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus Motschulsky and Eucryptorrhynchus brandti Harold

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Wang ◽  
Xiaojian Wen ◽  
Yi Lu ◽  
Junbao Wen
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Binding Affinities ◽  
Binding Model ◽  
Chemosensory Protein ◽  
Tree Of Heaven ◽  
Alpha Pinene ◽  
Odorant Molecule ◽  
Chemosensory Systems

The tree-of-heaven root weevil (Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus) and the tree-of-heaven trunk weevil (Eucryptorrhynchus brandti) are closely related species that monophagously feed on the same host plant, the Ailanthus altissima (Mill) Swingle, at different locations. However, the mechanisms of how they select different parts of the host tree are unclear. As chemosensory systems play important roles in host location and oviposition, we screened candidate chemosensory protein genes from the transcriptomes of the two weevils at different developmental stages. In this study, we identified 12 candidate chemosensory proteins (CSPs) of E. scrobiculatus and E. brandti, three EscrCSPs, and one EbraCSPs, respectively, were newly identified. The qRT-PCR results showed that EscrCSP7/8a/9 and EbraCSP7/8/9 were significantly expressed in adult antennae, while EscrCSP8a and EbraCSP8 shared low sequence identity, suggesting that they may respond to different odorant molecule binding. Additionally, EbraCSP6 and EscrCSP6 were mainly expressed in antennae and proboscises and likely participate in the process of chemoreception. The binding simulation of nine volatile compounds of the host plant to EscrCSP8a and EbraCSP8 indicated that (1R)-(+)-alpha-pinene, (–)-beta-caryophyllene, and beta-elemen have higher binding affinities with EscrCSP8a and lower affinities with EbraCSP8. In addition, there were seven, two, and one EbraCSPs mainly expressed in pupae, larvae, and eggs, respectively, indicating possible developmental-related roles in E. brandti. We screened out several olfactory-related possible CSP genes in E. brandti and E. scrobiculatus and simulated the binding model of CSPs with different compounds, providing a basis for explaining the niche differentiation of the two weevils.

scholarly journals Testing Host-Plant Driven Speciation in Phytophagous Insects: A Phylogenetic Perspective

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Jousselin ◽  
Marianne Elias
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Ecological Speciation ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
Ecological Specialization ◽  
Recent Developments

During the last two decades, ecological speciation has been a major research theme in evolutionary biology. Ecological speciation occurs when reproductive isolation between populations evolves as a result of niche differentiation. Phytophagous insects represent model systems for the study of this evolutionary process. The host-plants on which these insects feed and often spend parts of their life cycle constitute ideal agents of divergent selection for these organisms. Adaptation to feeding on different host-plant species can potentially lead to ecological specialization of populations and subsequent speciation. This process is thought to have given birth to the astonishing diversity of phytophagous insects and is often put forward in macroevolutionary scenarios of insect diversification. Consequently, numerous phylogenetic studies on phytophagous insects have aimed at testing whether speciation driven by host-plant adaptation is the main pathway for the diversification of the groups under investigation. The increasing availability of comprehensive and well-resolved phylogenies and the recent developments in phylogenetic comparative methods are offering an unprecedented opportunity to test hypotheses on insect diversification at a macroevolutionary scale, in a robust phylogenetic framework. Our purpose here is to review the contribution of phylogenetic analyses to investigate the importance of plant-mediated speciation in the diversification of phytophagous insects and to present suggestions for future developments in this field.

Involvement of Chemosensory Protein BodoCSP1 in Perception of Host Plant Volatiles in Bradysia odoriphaga

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (37) ◽  
pp. 10797-10806
Author(s):  
Chunni Zhang ◽  
Bowen Tang ◽  
Taoling Zhou ◽  
Xiaoting Yu ◽  
Manfei Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Host Plant Volatiles ◽  
Chemosensory Protein

scholarly journals Worldwide Feeding Host Plants of Spotted Lanternfly, With Significant Additions From North America

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 999-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Barringer ◽  
Claire M Ciafré
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
North American ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
Invasive Insect ◽  
Tree Of Heaven ◽  
Host Plant Use

Abstract The spotted lanternfly Lycorma delicatula (White) is an invasive insect spreading throughout southeast Asia and eastern North America. The rapid spread of this species is facilitated by the prevalence of its preferred host, tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle), as well as its use of many other host plants. While the spotted lanternfly has been previously reported to use over 65 plant species, most of these reports are from Asia and may not be applicable in North America. Additionally, many of the known hosts have not been specified as feeding hosts or as egg laying substrates. To better understand the potential impacts of this invasive insect on natural and cultivated systems in North America, we reviewed records from published and unpublished results and observations of host plant use by spotted lanternfly. We aggregated 172 host plant records worldwide and found feeding behaviors associated with 103 plant taxa across 33 families and 17 orders, 20 of which were not previously known to be associated with SLF and 15 of which were not confirmed as feeding hosts. North American records account for 56 of these taxa which include native, cultivated, and nonnative species. As a result, the spotted lanternfly has the potential to impact a wide assortment of ecosystems throughout its potential range and its North American distribution may not be limited by the presence of tree of heaven.

scholarly journals Competitive binding predicts nonlinear responses of olfactory receptors to complex mixtures

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (19) ◽  
pp. 9598-9603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Singh ◽  
Nicolle R. Murphy ◽  
Vijay Balasubramanian ◽  
Joel D. Mainland
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Receptors ◽  
Competitive Binding ◽  
Complex Mixtures ◽  
Biophysical Model ◽  
Target Color ◽  
Receptor Binding Site ◽  
Binding Model ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Nonlinear Responses ◽  
Odorant Molecule

In color vision, the quantitative rules for mixing lights to make a target color are well understood. By contrast, the rules for mixing odorants to make a target odor remain elusive. A solution to this problem in vision relied on characterizing receptor responses to different wavelengths of light and subsequently relating these responses to perception. In olfaction, experimentally measuring receptor responses to a representative set of complex mixtures is intractable due to the vast number of possibilities. To meet this challenge, we develop a biophysical model that predicts mammalian receptor responses to complex mixtures using responses to single odorants. The dominant nonlinearity in our model is competitive binding (CB): Only one odorant molecule can attach to a receptor binding site at a time. This simple framework predicts receptor responses to mixtures of up to 12 monomolecular odorants to within 15% of experimental observations and provides a powerful method for leveraging limited experimental data. Simple extensions of our model describe phenomena such as synergy, overshadowing, and inhibition. We demonstrate that the presence of such interactions can be identified via systematic deviations from the competitive-binding model.

Development of the neotropical catfish Rhamdia quelen (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae) incubated in different temperature regimes

Zygote ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alana Marielle Rodrigues-Galdino ◽  
Camila Valente Maiolino ◽  
Mariana Forgati ◽  
Lucélia Donatti ◽  
Jorge Daniel Mikos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Larval Period ◽  
Early Juvenile ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Rhamdia Quelen ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Chemosensory Systems ◽  
Scanning Electron

SummaryThe developmental stages for the embryonic and larval periods of the silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) kept at different temperatures (21, 24, 27 and 30°C) are described. Fish were analysed under light and scanning electron microscopy. For embryonic development, we described 25 stages, which were grouped into seven periods named zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, segmentation, pharyngula and hatching periods. For larval development, we defined three stages (early, mid, and late larvae). Additionally, the main ontogenetic events during the post-larvae and early juvenile periods were also described. This species presents a well developped lateral line and chemosensory systems that grow up during the larval period, maturing in the post-larvae. All tested temperatures are viable to R. quelen development, but a shorter incubation period was necessary to complete the development at lower temperatures. However, some malformations (heart edema) were verified at 30°C.

Histological studies of ectomycorrhizae and root nodules from Cercocarpus montanus and Cercocarpus paucidentatus

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1315-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Hoeppel ◽  
A. G. Wollum II
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Histological Sections ◽  
Mature Nodule ◽  
In Cells

The ectomycorrhizae of Cercocarpus montanus Raf. and Cercocarpus paucidentatus Britt. displayed morphologies ranging from single swollen short lateral roots on long roots to terminal pyramidal clusters. Most short roots appeared to be mycorrhizal, although C. paucidentatus was only infected under growth chamber conditions. Histological sections revealed a conspicuous fungal mantle, averaging 30 μ in thickness, and a Hartig's net.The root nodules appeared as swellings on lateral roots, and later formed compact coralloid orange-colored masses several centimeters in diameter. Histological analyses indicated that both species of Cercocarpus harbored a similar endophyte. Three developmental stages were noted in cortical tissue, including (a) hyphal masses in apical nodule cells; (b) hyphae terminating in 3 × 4 μ club-shaped vesicular swellings; and (c) older structureless hyphal masses in cells of mature nodule branches. The older hyphal masses did not appear to be absorbed by the host plant. The endophyte possessed branching filaments 0.5 μ in diameter and was considered to be an actinomycete.

scholarly journals P2X receptors in Aplysia californica: Chemosensory systems, bio-energetic and development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
János Györi ◽  
Andrea B. Kohn ◽  
Leonid L. Moroz
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Ion Selectivity ◽  
Aplysia Californica ◽  
P2x Receptors ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Sea Slug ◽  
Purinergic Transmission ◽  
Chemosensory Systems ◽  
Signaling Components ◽  
Homeostatic Mechanisms

AbstractATP and its ionotropic P2X receptors are components of one of the most ancient signaling systems. However, little is known about the distribution and function of purinergic transmission in invertebrates. Here, we cloned, expressed, and pharmacologically characterized P2X receptors in the sea slug Aplysia californica – a prominent model in cellular and system neuroscience. We showed that ATP and P2X receptors are essential signaling components within the unique bioenergetic center located in the CNS of Aplysia, also known as the cerebral F-cluster of insulin-containing neurons. Functional P2X receptors were successfully expressed in Xenopus oocytes to characterize their ATP-dependence (EC50=306μM), two-phased kinetics, ion selectivity (Na+-dependence), sensitivity to the ATP analog Bz-ATP (~20% compare to ATP) and antagonists (with PPADS as a more potent inhibitor compared to suramin). Next, using RNA-seq, we characterized the expression of P2X receptors across more than a dozen Aplysia peripheral tissues and developmental stages. We showed that P2X receptors are predominantly expressed in chemosensory structures and during early cleavage stages. The localization and pharmacology of P2X receptors in Aplysia highlight the evolutionary conservation of bioenergetic sensors and chemosensory purinergic transmission across animals. This study also provides a foundation to decipher homeostatic mechanisms in development and neuroendocrine systems.Graphical AbstractWe show that ATP and its ligand-gated P2X receptors are essential signaling components within both the chemosensory systems and the unique bioenergetic center, present in the CNS of the sea slug Aplysia californica – a prominent model in neuroscience. Expression and pharmacology of P2X receptors in Aplysia confirms the preservation of evolutionary conserved bioenergetic sensors across animals and provide new tools to decipher homeostatic mechanisms in neuro-endocrine systems in general.

Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn. (Family Malvaceae) – A New Host Plant Record For Leaf Roller, Sylepta derogata Fabricius (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-154
Author(s):  
N. Roychoudhury ◽  
◽  
P.B. Meshram ◽  
Ashish Pandey ◽  
Neha Prajapati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
National Park ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
New Host ◽  
Leaf Roller ◽  
Forest Division ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

The present paper reports the occurrence of leaf roller, Sylepta derogata Fabricius (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) on back mangrove, Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn. (family Malvaceae), exists in Bhitarkanika National Park, Rajnagar (Mangrove) Forest Division, Kendrapara, Odisha. Some biological observations and morphometric data on developmental stages of leaf roller has been studied and reported.

Anthraquinones in the Leaf Beetle Trirhabda geminata (Chrysomelidae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arno Kunze ◽  
Ludger Witte ◽  
Manuel Aregullin ◽  
Eloy Rodriguez ◽  
Peter Proksch
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Specialist Herbivore ◽  
Encelia Farinosa

Abstract Hydroxylated anthraquinones have been found to accumulate in different developmental stages of the chrysomelid beetle Trirhabda geminata. Eggs, larvae and adults were analyzed by HPLC and GC-MS. Each developmental stage analyzed contained 1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-anthraquinone (chrysophanol) and 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone (chrysazin). No anthraquinones were detected in the faeces of T. geminata. The level of stored anthraqui­ nones did not change during starvation. In the host plant of this specialist herbivore, the brittlebush Encelia farinosa (Asteraceae), anthraquinones were not detected. Possible biolog­ical functions of anthraquinones stored in T. geminata are discussed.

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