scholarly journals Effects of Soil Amendment With Wood Ash on Transpiration, Growth, and Metal Uptake in Two Contrasting Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids to Drought Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Romdhane ◽  
Leonard Barnabas Ebinezer ◽  
Anna Panozzo ◽  
Giuseppe Barion ◽  
Cristian Dal Cortivo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Leaf Transpiration ◽  
Top Soil

Wood ash as a soil amendment has gained wide spread acceptance in the recent years as a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers, although information regarding the effects of its application on maize growth and yield in the context of climate change and increasing drought severity is lacking till date. In the present study, field and pot trials were carried out at the experimental farm of the University of Padova at Legnaro (NE Italy) in a silty-loam soil in order to investigate the effects of soil amendment with wood ash (0.1% w/w, incorporated into the 0.2-m top soil) on the bioavailability of mineral elements and their uptake by maize. Characteristics analyzed included plant growth, leaf transpiration dynamics, and productivity in two contrasting hybrids, P1921 (drought sensitive) and D24 (drought tolerant). Wood ash contained relevant amounts of Ca, K, Mg, P, and S, and hazardous levels of Zn (732 mg kg−1), Pb (527 mg kg−1), and Cu (129 mg kg−1), although no significant changes in total soil element concentration, pH, and electrical conductivity were detected in open field. Ash application led to a general increasing trend of diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA)-extractable of various elements, bringing to higher grain P in D24 hybrid, and Zn and Ni reductions in P1921 hybrid. Here, the results demonstrated that ash amendment enhanced shoot growth and the number of leaves, causing a reduction of harvest index, without affecting grain yield in both hybrids. The most relevant result was a retarded inhibition of leaf transpiration under artificial progressive water stress, particularly in the drought-tolerant D24 hybrid that could be sustained by root growth improvements in the field across the whole 0–1.5 m soil profile in D24, and in the amended top soil in P1921. It is concluded that woody ash can be profitably exploited in maize fertilization for enhancing shoot and root growth and drought tolerance, thanks to morphological and physiological improvements, although major benefits are expected to be achieved in drought tolerant hybrids. Attention should be payed when using ash derived by metal contaminated wood stocks to avoid any health risk in food uses.

scholarly journals Physiological and Proteomic Analysis Revealed the Response Mechanisms of two Different Grought-resistant Maize Varieties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjie Li ◽  
Mei Yang ◽  
Chengfeng Zhao ◽  
Yifan Wang ◽  
Renhe Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Molecular Chaperones ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Maize Varieties

Abstract Background: Drought stress seriously limits the seedling growth and yield of maize. Despite previous studies on drought resistance mechanisms by which maize cope with water deficient, the link between physiological and molecular variations are largely unknown. To reveal the complex regulatory mechanisms, comparative physiology and proteomic analyses were conducted to investigate the stress responses of two maize cultivars with contrasting tolerance to drought stress. Results: Physiological results showed that SD609 (drought-tolerant) maintains higher photochemical efficiency by enhancing CEF (cyclic electron flow) protective mechanism and antioxidative enzymes activities. Proteomics analysis revealed a total of 198 and 102 proteins were differentially expressed in SD609 and SD902, respectively. Further enrichment analysis indicated that drought-tolerant ‘SD609’ increased the expression of proteins related to photosynthesis, antioxidants/detoxifying enzymes, molecular chaperones and metabolic enzymes. The up-regulation proteins related to PSII repair and photoprotection mechanisms resulted in more efficient photochemical capacity in tolerant variety under moderate drought. However, the drought-sensitive ‘SD902’ only induced molecular chaperones and sucrose synthesis pathways, and failed to protect the impaired photosystem. Further analysis indicated that proteins related to the electron transport chain, redox homeostasis and heat shock proteins (HSPs) could be important in protecting plants from drought stress. Conclusions: Our experiments explored the mechanism of drought tolerance, and obtained detailed information about the interconnection of physiological research and protein research. In summary, our findings could provide new clues into further understanding of drought tolerance mechanisms in maize.

scholarly journals Toward a New Use for Carbon Isotope Discrimination in Wheat Breeding

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Dixon ◽  
Carter
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Drought Tolerant

A major obstacle in the effort to develop drought tolerant varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is phenotyping. Traits known to contribute to improved drought tolerance, such as water-use behavior, reliance on stem reserve carbohydrates, and the ability to develop deep roots, require time and resource-intensive screening techniques. Plant breeding programs often have many thousands of experimental genotypes, which makes testing for each of these traits impractical. This work proposes that carbon isotope discrimination (∆) analysis of mature grains may serve as a relatively high-throughput approach to identify genotypes exhibiting traits associated with drought tolerance. Using ∆ as a proxy for stomatal conductance and photosynthetic capacity, assumptions can be made regarding fundamental plant physiological responses. When combined with knowledge of the terminal drought severity experienced in a particular environment, genotypes exhibiting conservative and rapid water use, deep roots, and reliance on stem reserve carbohydrates may be identified. Preliminary data in support of this idea are presented. Further verification of this use for grain ∆ will better equip wheat breeding programs to develop more drought tolerant varieties.

scholarly journals Potato Response to Drought Stress: Physiological and Growth Basis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Gervais ◽  
Alexa Creelman ◽  
Xiu-Qing Li ◽  
Benoit Bizimungu ◽  
David De Koeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Leaf Protein ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
Russet Norkotah ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Drought poses a major challenge to the production of potatoes worldwide. Climate change is predicted to further aggravate this challenge by intensifying potato crop exposure to increased drought severity and frequency. There is an ongoing effort to adapt our production systems of potatoes through the development of drought-tolerant cultivars that are appropriately engineered for the changing environment. The breeding of drought-tolerant cultivars can be approached through the identification of drought-related physiological and biochemical traits and their deployment in new potato cultivars. Thus, the main objective of this study was to develop a method to identify and characterize the drought-tolerant potato genotypes and the related key traits. To achieve this objective, first we studied 56 potato genotypes including 54 cultivars and 2 advanced breeding lines to assess drought tolerance in terms of tuber yield in the greenhouse experiment. Drought differentially reduced tuber yield in all genotypes. Based on their capacity to maintain percent tuber yield under drought relative to their well-watered controls, potato genotypes differed in their ability to tolerate drought. We then selected six genotypes, Bannock Russet, Nipigon, Onaway, Denali, Fundy, and Russet Norkotah, with distinct yield responses to drought to further examine the physiological and biochemical traits governing drought tolerance. The drought-induced reduction in tuber yield was only 15–20% for Bannock Russet and Nipigon, 44–47% for Onaway and Denali, and 83–91% for Fundy and Russet Norkotah. The tolerant genotypes, Bannock Russet and Nipigon, exhibited about a 2–3-fold increase in instantaneous water-use efficiency (WUE) under drought as compared with their well-watered controls. This stimulation was about 1.8–2-fold for moderately tolerant genotypes, Onaway and Denali, and only 1.5-fold for sensitive genotypes, Fundy, and Russet Norkotah. The differential stimulation of instantaneous WUE of tolerant and moderately tolerant genotypes vs. sensitive genotypes was accounted for by the differential suppression of the rates of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rates across genotypes. Potato genotypes varied in their response to leaf protein content under drought. We suggest that the rates of photosynthesis, instantaneous WUE, and leaf protein content can be used as the selection criteria for the drought-tolerant potato genotypes.

Sensitive to Proton Rhizotoxicity1 Regulates Salt and Drought Tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana through Transcriptional Regulation of CIPK23

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 2113-2126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayan Sadhukhan ◽  
Takuo Enomoto ◽  
Yuriko Kobayashi ◽  
Toshihiro Watanabe ◽  
Satoshi Iuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Insertion Mutant ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Short Root ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Dna Insertion ◽  
Insertion Mutants

Abstract The transcription factor sensitive to proton rhizotoxicity 1 (STOP1) regulates multiple stress tolerances. In this study, we confirmed its involvement in NaCl and drought tolerance. The root growth of the T-DNA insertion mutant of STOP1 (stop1) was sensitive to NaCl-containing solidified MS media. Transcriptome analysis of stop1 under NaCl stress revealed that STOP1 regulates several genes related to salt tolerance, including CIPK23. Among all available homozygous T-DNA insertion mutants of the genes suppressed in stop1, only cipk23 showed a NaCl-sensitive root growth phenotype comparable to stop1. The CIPK23 promoter had a functional STOP1-binding site, suggesting a strong CIPK23 suppression led to NaCl sensitivity of stop1. This possibility was supported by in planta complementation of CIPK23 in the stop1 background, which rescued the short root phenotype under NaCl. Both stop1 and cipk23 exhibited a drought tolerant phenotype and increased abscisic acid-regulated stomatal closure, while the complementation of CIPK23 in stop1 reversed these traits. Our findings uncover additional pleiotropic roles of STOP1 mediated by CIPK23, which regulates various ion transporters including those regulating K+-homeostasis, which may induce a trade-off between drought tolerance and other traits.

Root Growth of Four Common Bean Cultivars in Relation to Drought Tolerance in Environments with Contrasting Soil Types

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Sponchiado ◽  
J. W. White ◽  
J. A. Castillo ◽  
P. G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Drought Avoidance ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Moisture Extraction ◽  
Seed Yields

SUMMARYRoot growth of two drought tolerant and two drought sensitive bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) lines was compared at two locations in Colombia differing primarily in soil conditions. At Palmira, roots of drought tolerant lines reached a depth of 1.3 m, while drought sensitive lines only reached 0.8 m. These differences were associated with differences in seed yield, crop growth, canopy temperature and soil moisture extraction. Under acid soil conditions at Quili-chao, seed yields of supposedly drought tolerant genotypes were similar to those of the drought sensitive lines, and root growth of all four lines was restricted to less than 0.8 m. Drought avoidance through greater root growth and extraction of soil moisture appears to be an important drought tolerance mechanism in common beans, but its usefulness is limited where soil conditions restrict root growth.

scholarly journals Present Status and Future Prospects of Drought Tolerance in Rice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veerendra Jaldhani ◽  
Ponnuvel Senguttuvel ◽  
Bathula Srikanth ◽  
Puskur Raghuveer Rao ◽  
Desiraju Subrahmanyam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Upland Conditions ◽  
Good Number

Rice is an important staple food crop across the world. It is mainly cultivated under irrigated lowland and also rain-fed upland conditions where drought stress is often noticed. Global climate change predicts an intensification of drought stress in future due to uneven rainfall which was witnessed for the last few years. Confronting drought stress can deliver fruitful crop returns in rice and scope for research extents. Drought stress affects the overall plant growth and yield. A prominent improvement has been made during last two decades in our understanding of the mechanisms involved in adaptation and tolerance to drought stress in rice. In order to achieve the marked crop returns from rainfed areas, there is a requisite of drought tolerant rice varieties, and genetic improvement for drought tolerance should be a prime area of concern in the future. A huge rice germplasm is available and good number of the germplasm possess drought tolerance and these genomic regions have been exploited in developing some drought tolerant rice varieties. The application of available genotyping methodologies, the identification of traits of interest, and key genetic regions associated with the drought tolerance have opened new prospects to successfully develop new drought tolerant varieties. This chapter deals with the importance of drought tolerance in rice crop followed by the evolution of molecular markers and breeding techniques in identifying drought tolerant QTL’s/genes and their utilization in the improvement of drought tolerant rice varieties.

scholarly journals Growth and Drought Tolerance of Viburnum plicatum var. tomentosum `Mariesii' in Pine Bark-amended Soil

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carleton B. Wood ◽  
Timothy J. Smalley ◽  
Mark Rieger ◽  
David E. Radcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Container-grown Viburnum plicatum Thunb. var. tomentosum (Thunb.) Miq. `Mariesii' were planted in unamended planting holes, tilled plots, and tilled plots amended with aged pine bark. A 36-day drought was initiated 108 days after planting. Amending induced N deficiencies, reduced shoot growth, and increased root growth. Plants harvested from tilled and planting-hole plots at drought initiation had 63% and 68% more dry weight, respectively, than plants from amended plots. Between 8 and 19 days after drought (DAD) initiation, plants from tilled plots maintained higher relative leaf water content (RLWC) than plants from planting holes. Plants in amended plots maintained higher RLWC than both other treatments between 7 and 33 DAD. Amended and tilled treatments had higher relative leaf expansion rates (RLERs) than the planting-hole treatment 8, 11, 13, and 15 DAD. As the drought lengthened, plants in amended plots maintained higher RLERs than plants in tilled plots. While plants in pine bark-amended plots were more drought tolerant than those in tilled plots, it is unclear if increased drought tolerance was caused by the improved rooting environment or N deficiency.

Evaluation of drought tolerance and screening for drought-tolerant indicators in sweetpotato cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Yan ZHANG ◽  
Bei-Tao XIE ◽  
Bao-Qing WANG ◽  
Shun-Xu DONG ◽  
Wen-Xue DUAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Growth of Container-grown Plants With and Without Azomite Soil Amendment

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 492c-492
Author(s):  
Chris Ely ◽  
Mark A. Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Water Holding

Azomite is a mined, commercially available, hydrated sodium calcium aluminosiliclate soil amendment reported to act as a source of mineral elements. To determine its effect on plant growth, Dendranthema `Connie' rooted cuttings, Malus seedlings, and Citrus seedlings were grown in containers in one of two growing media: ProMix BX or ProMix BX with Azomite (1:1, v:v). Plant height was monitored weekly and after 6 weeks of growth, fresh and dry plant weights of roots and shoots were determined. There was no difference in any of the parameters measured as a result of the addition of Azomite. Any nutritional influence of the Azomite may only be evident in different conditions, e.g., field soil, or over an extended period of time. The Azomite altered the medium's physical properties and therefore bulk density and water-holding capacity of the Azomite were determined for consideration.

scholarly journals Improving Drought Tolerance in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek): Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Perspectives

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1534
Author(s):  
Chandra Mohan Singh ◽  
Poornima Singh ◽  
Chandrakant Tiwari ◽  
Shalini Purwar ◽  
Mukul Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
The Impact

Drought stress is considered a severe threat to crop production. It adversely affects the morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular functions of the plants, especially in short duration crops like mungbean. In the past few decades, significant progress has been made towards enhancing climate resilience in legumes through classical and next-generation breeding coupled with omics approaches. Various defence mechanisms have been reported as key players in crop adaptation to drought stress. Many researchers have identified potential donors, QTLs/genes and candidate genes associated to drought tolerance-related traits. However, cloning and exploitation of these loci/gene(s) in breeding programmes are still limited. To bridge the gap between theoretical research and practical breeding, we need to reveal the omics-assisted genetic variations associated with drought tolerance in mungbean to tackle this stress. Furthermore, the use of wild relatives in breeding programmes for drought tolerance is also limited and needs to be focused. Even after six years of decoding the whole genome sequence of mungbean, the genome-wide characterization and expression of various gene families and transcriptional factors are still lacking. Due to the complex nature of drought tolerance, it also requires integrating high throughput multi-omics approaches to increase breeding efficiency and genomic selection for rapid genetic gains to develop drought-tolerant mungbean cultivars. This review highlights the impact of drought stress on mungbean and mitigation strategies for breeding high-yielding drought-tolerant mungbean varieties through classical and modern omics technologies.

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