scholarly journals Integration of Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveals the Relationship of Benzenoid–Phenylpropanoid Pigment and Aroma in Purple Tea Flowers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Mei ◽  
Shihua Wan ◽  
Chuyuan Lin ◽  
Caibi Zhou ◽  
Liuhong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Flux ◽  
Shikimate Pathway ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Leucoanthocyanidin Reductase ◽  
The Face ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway

Tea (Camellia sinensis) flowers are normally white, even though the leaves could be purple. We previously discovered a specific variety with purple leaves and flowers. In the face of such a phenomenon, researchers usually focus on the mechanism of color formation but ignore the change of aroma. The purple tea flowers contain more anthocyanins, which belong to flavonoids. Meanwhile, phenylalanine (Phe), derived from the shikimate pathway, is a precursor for both flavonoids and volatile benzenoid–phenylpropanoids (BPs). Thus, it is not clear whether the BP aroma was attenuated for the appearance of purple color. In this study, we integrated metabolome and transcriptome of petals of two tea varieties, namely, Zijuan (ZJ) with white flowers and Baitang (BT) with purple flowers, to reveal the relationship between color (anthocyanins) and aroma (volatile BPs). The results indicated that in purple petals, the upstream shikimate pathway promoted for 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase (DAHPS) was elevated. Among the increased anthocyanins, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside (DpG) was extremely higher; volatile BPs, including benzyl aldehyde, benzyl alcohol, acetophenone (AP), 1-phenylethanol, and 2-phenylethanol, were also enhanced, and AP was largely elevated. The structural genes related to the biosynthesis of volatile BPs were induced, while the whole flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was downregulated, except for the genes flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H) and flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H), which were highly expressed to shift the carbon flux to delphinidin, which was then conjugated to glucoside by increased bronze-1 (BZ1) (UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase) to form DpG. Transcription factors (TFs) highly related to AP and DpG were selected to investigate their correlation with the differentially expressed structural genes. TFs, such as MYB, AP2/ERF, bZIP, TCP, and GATA, were dramatically expressed and focused on the regulation of genes in the upstream synthesis of Phe (DAHPS; arogenate dehydratase/prephenatedehydratase) and the synthesis of AP (phenylacetaldehyde reductase; short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase), Dp (F3′H; F3′5′H), and DpG (BZ1), but inhibited the formation of flavones (flavonol synthase) and catechins (leucoanthocyanidin reductase). These results discovered an unexpected promotion of volatile BPs in purple tea flowers and extended our understanding of the relationship between the BP-type color and aroma in the tea plant.

Surgical Anatomy for Extended Facelift Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (03) ◽  
pp. 309-316
Author(s):  
Ozcan Cakmak ◽  
Ismet Emrah Emre
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Extended Techniques ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Face ◽  
Facial Soft Tissues ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPreservation of the facial nerve is crucial in any type of facial procedure. This is even more important when performing plastic surgery on the face. An intricate knowledge of the course of the facial nerve is a requisite prior to performing facelifts, regardless of the technique used. The complex relationship of the ligaments and the facial nerve may put the nerve at an increased risk of damage, especially if its anatomy is not fully understood. There are several danger zones during dissection where the nerve is more likely to be injured. These include the areas where the nerve branches become more superficial in the dissection plane, and where they traverse between the retaining ligaments of the face. Addressing these ligaments is crucial, as they prevent the transmission of traction during facelifts. Without sufficient release, a satisfying pull on the soft tissues may be limited. Traditional superficial musculoaponeurotic system techniques such as plication or imbrication do not include surgical release of these attachments. Extended facelift techniques include additional dissection to release the retaining ligaments to obtain a more balanced and healthier look. However, these techniques are often the subject of much debate due to the extended dissection that carries a higher risk of nerve complications. In this article we aim to present the relationship of both the nerve and ligaments with an emphasis on the exact location of these structures, both in regard to one another and to their locations within the facial soft tissues, to perform extended techniques safely.

Overcoming Barriers To a Cognitive Psychology of Religion

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 141-161
Author(s):  
Robert N. Mccauley
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Psychology Of Religion ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
The Face ◽  
Cognitive Approaches ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe aims of this paper are to identify three barriers to the development of cognitive approaches to the study of religion and to suggest how each might be circumvented. The first of these barriers is methodological and lurks amid two issues that, historically, have dominated anthropologists' reflections on the relationship of their discipline to psychology. The older of the two can be characterized as the "psychic unity" controversy (see Shore 1995). The second issue is the controversy over the "autonomy of culture". Advocates of the latter thesis are usually unsympathetic to psychological explanations of religious phenomena. In the first section, I shall begin by briefly examining each of those issues and then exploring the connections between the two as well as interesting logical tensions that arise in the face of popular responses to each. In section two, I shall consider a pair of barriers to a cognitive psychology of religion rooted in two strategies that have dominated many psychologists' approaches to the study of religion. I will argue that for some purposes, at least, both strategies should be relaxed. Finally, in section three, I shall briefly sketch one sort of cognitive approach to religious phenomena, suggesting how it handles the two strategic barriers in particular.

Biblical Theology and the Apocrypha

2021 ◽  
pp. 533-550
Author(s):  
David A. deSilva
Keyword(s):  
Jewish People ◽  
Biblical Theology ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The Face ◽  
Theology Of History ◽  
Wisdom Tradition ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bear Witness ◽  
The Church

The books of the Apocrypha contain extensive reflection on the theologies of earlier Jewish writings, particularly in regard to election, the Torah, and the Deuteronomistic theology of history, in the face of several critical situations facing the Jewish people (the advance and advantages of Hellenization, the repression of Judaism under Antiochus IV, ongoing life as a minority culture throughout the Diaspora, and domination and devastation under Rome). They also bear witness to important developments both in personal and national eschatology and in the identification of supernatural forces impacting human existence (e.g., angels and demons). Early Christians, in turn, found these texts to provide important resources for their reflection upon the person and work of Jesus, applying developments within the Wisdom tradition in their delineation of the relationship of the Son to God and within the Jewish martyrological traditions to their professions about the atoning force of Jesus’ death. These texts thus exercised an important influence on the theologies articulated in the New Testament and the development of the doctrines and creeds embraced by the universal church, despite the ongoing discussions within the church concerning their canonical status.

The Psychological Impact of Brand Advertisement on Face Book Users with Media Convergence – A Semiotic Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Handa ◽  
Ruhi Lal
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Media Convergence ◽  
Semiotic Approach ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Media ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The study has explored the rising psychological changes with the media convergence of television and Facebook and significance of a positive approach to deal with hierarchical conduct of employee in any company. The study investigates the brand advertisement showcasing balance of personal and professional life in the relationship of wife and husband at same work place. The study focused on semiotic approach to analyze the advertisement of Airtel India emphasizing on social roles of women in the society and its impact on the users of Facebook. The researcher analyzed the hegemony in the commercial and promotion of advertisement on public platform as face book to know the impact on consumer towards the commercial. Initially television is used as a medium the commercial was also released through Facebook with a strong brand communication strategy. The findings revealed that the observational information shared on Facebook affirms a portion of positive hierarchical conduct, that concentrates on the enticing urge in the consumers / users to aspire, visualize, share the views about the commercial with emotions on the face book page showcasing positive consumer psychology.

Sinhalese Astrology, South Asian Caste Systems, and the Notion of Individuality

1979 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. G. Kemper
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Cultural Form ◽  
Asian Society ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractAstrology is a neglected cultural form in the study of South Asian society. It is also one which pays attention to the individual in ways that seem to fly in the face of scholarly understandings of Asian societies as places where individuality has little importance. The ideology of caste, the institution most often taken as an analytical entry to South Asian societies, gathers people into groups on the basis of their gross similarities and fixes a person's condition for life. Astrology treats individuals as distinguished by subtle differences and liable to momentary changes. The paper argues that caste ideology and astrology have a common vocabulary and logic, one which is genealogical and combinatory, and suggests in turn several conclusions about the relationship of individuals and society in South Asian cultures.

scholarly journals Pericarp Pigmentation Correlates with Hormones and Intensifies with Continuation of Bud Sport Generations from ‘Red Delicious’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Fang Li ◽  
Juan Mao ◽  
Shi-Jin Yang ◽  
Zhi-Gang Guo ◽  
Zong-Huan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Bud Sport ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway

ABSTRACTBud sport mutants of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees with a highly blushed colouring pattern are mainly caused by the accumulation of anthocyanins in the pericarp. Hormones are important factors modulating anthocyanin accumulation. However, a good understanding of the interplay between hormones and anthocyanin synthesis in apples, especially in mutants at the molecular level, remains elusive. Here, physiological and comparative transcriptome approaches were used to reveal the molecular basis of pericarp pigmentation in ‘Red Delicious’ and its mutants, including ‘Starking Red’, ‘Starkrimson’, ‘Campbell Redchief’ and ‘Vallee spur’, which were designated G0 to G4, respectively. Pericarp pigmentation gradually proliferated from G0 to G4. The anthocyanin content was higher in the mutants than in ‘Red Delicious’. The activation of early phenylpropanoid biosynthesis genes, including ASP3, PAL, 4CL, PER, CHS, CYP98A and F3’H, was responsible for anthocyanin accumulation in mutants. In addition, IAA and ABA had a positive regulatory effect on the synthesis of anthocyanins, while GA had the reverse effect. The down-regulation of AACT1, HMGS, HMGR, MVK, MVD2, IDI1 and FPPS2 involved in terpenoid biosynthesis influences anthocyanin accumulation by positively regulating transcripts of AUX1 and SAUR that contribute to the synthesis of IAA, GID2 to GA, PP2C and SnRK2 to ABA. Furthermore, MYB and bHLH members, which are highly correlated (r=0.882–0.980) with anthocyanin content, modulated anthocyanin accumulation by regulating the transcription of structural genes, including CHS and F3’H, involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway.

scholarly journals Trustworthiness appraisals of faces wearing a surgical mask during the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany: An experimental study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251393
Author(s):  
Miriam Biermann ◽  
Anna Schulze ◽  
Franziska Unterseher ◽  
Konstantina Atanasova ◽  
Paulina Watermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Negative Bias ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Facial Stimuli ◽  
Public Media ◽  
The Face ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background During the Covid-19 pandemic, the negative effects of wearing a mouth-nose cover (MNC) on interpersonal functioning have been discussed in public media but empirical studies on how wearing MNCs affect social judgements are sparse. In the present study, we investigated the effects of MNCs on trustworthiness appraisals, the influence of changes due to MNCs in evaluating joy, and the relationship between a social-cognitive appraisal bias and a participant’s characteristics. Methods All participants (N = 165) judged the intensity of happiness and trustworthiness in calm facial stimuli presented with and without a surgical mask covering part of the face. We analysed the relationship of changes in judgements evoked by MNCs to participants’ evaluations of MNCs as protective tools and explored their associations with the burden experienced by wearing MNCs, compliance to behaviour recommendations, their risk associated with the pandemic, and their levels of psychological distress. Results Overall, calm facial stimuli covered with MNCs were evaluated as less trustworthy and, to an even stronger extent, less happy than uncovered facial stimuli. However, participants varied in whether they showed a negative or positive evaluation of faces with MNCs; the negative bias was stronger in those participants who attributed lower protective potential to MNCs, experienced a higher burden while wearing MNCs, wore MNCs less often, and experienced a higher level of psychological distress. Conclusions A negative bias in trustworthiness appraisals of faces with a positive emotional expression covered by MNCs is linked to a participant’s evaluation of MNCs as inefficient and burdening and their experience of high psychological distress.

scholarly journals The phenomenon of rosacea-rushes (theoretical aspects)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
V.A. Bocharov ◽  
V.V. Bocharova ◽  
M.M. Lebediuk ◽  
A.A.S. Sarayreh ◽  
L.V. Kuts
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
The Face ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

According to the decisions of international scientific forums, the problem of phenomenon of rosacea (acne rosacea), a common dermatosis with numerous unexplained aspects of etiopathogenesis is a promising area of modern medical research. The aim of the study was theoretical substantiation of the essential features of the mechanisms of occurrence, development and clinical manifestations of the first signs of rosacea in women of reproductive age. The use of a systematic analytical methodical approach to assess the data of clinical and laboratory examinations of women with rosacea, conducted in different regions of the world, allowed to establish the originality of such manifestations of dermatosis as the appearance of unexpected rushes to limited areas of the face, accompanied by local redness and local heat areas of the skin differring significantly from similar rushes in other diseases or syndromes (menopause, migraine, etc.). It is established that the peculiarity of the relationship of these clinical characteristics (from English: rush, ruddy, redness, rosacea, reproductive age of women, reaction) allows to indicate the first signs of dermatosis as a phenomenon inherent in this disease Rush-Ruddy-Rosacea-Reproduce-Reaction (abbreviated – «5-R»), the key pathophysiological target of which (as well as the disease as a whole) is a disorder of a set of hierarchically dependent mechanisms of the evolutionarily determined motivational need to ensure reproductive function in women (both at the cellular level and extracellular structures of the ovaries, and at different levels of subcortical formations and centers of the cortex of the cerebral hemispheres). The phenomenon of rosacea rush is closely related to other phenomena of this dermatosis – hypersensitivity of bradykinin receptors, actinic elastosis, development of post erythematous telangiectasia. The prospect of further research on the problem of rosacea is to study the relationship of disorders in the functional systems of molecules of signaling compounds of different classes (hormones, eicosanoids, neuropeptides, kinins, cytokines and others) in the pathogenesis of the disease.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KAPABILITAS INOVASI, BERBAGI PENGETAHUAN, DAN LUARAN PRODUK BARU PADA SEKTOR USAHA INDUSTRI KREATIF

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Intan Zoraya ◽  
Akram Harmoni Wiardi ◽  
Sugeng Susetyo
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
New Products ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Creative Industry ◽  
Innovation Capability ◽  
The Face ◽  
Fierce Competition ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji hubungan berbagi pengetahuan dan kapabilitas inovasi. Pada penelitian ini juga akan dianalisis pengukuran persepsi mengenai kepabilitas inovasi pada sektor industri kreatif. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei, sampel penelitian yang menjadi responden dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan yang bekerja pada industri kerajinan UMKM di Provinsi Bengkulu. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada kelompok industri kreatif yang bergerak dibidang kerajinan yang ada di Provinsi Bengkulu. Dari survei yang dilakukan, diperoleh data dari 112 responden yang merupakan karyawan industri berskala kecil dan menengah yang kemudian dianalisis lebih Pengaruh kapabilitas inovasi terhadap luaran produk baru juga didukung dalam penelitian ini. Inovasi memainkan peran penting dalam kesusksesan sebuah perusahaan di dalam kondisi persaingan yang semakin ketat. Perusahaan yang inovatif akan mampu beradaptasi dan merespon dengan lebih baik terhadap perubahan kondisi pasar. Ditambah lagi karena perusahaan yang berskala kecil dan menengah (UMKM) ini mempunyai karakteristik yang lebih fleksibel yang memungkinkan untuk mengambil keputusan yang lebih cepat dalam menghadapi kondisi pasar yang selalu berubah tersebut.Kata Kunci: Berbagi Pengetahuan, UMKM, Inovasi, Kapabilitas, Usaha The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship of knowledge sharing and innovation capabilities. We operate the measurement of perceptions concerning the reliability of innovation in the creative industry. We operate a survey method, the sample of research respondents in this study are employees who work in the MSME handicraft industry in Bengkulu Province. This research was conducted at a group of creative industries engaged in handicrafts in Bengkulu Province. The Result of the survey collected 112 respondents who are employees of small and medium scale industries. The influence of innovation capabilities on new products development is supported in this research. Innovation capability plays an important role on company’s success in an increasingly fierce competition. Innovative companies will be able to adapt and respond better on market conditions. In addition, this small and medium-sized company (MSME) has more flexible characteristics that make it possible to make decisions more quickly in the face of these rapid-changing market conditions.Keywords: Knowledge, MSME, Innovation, Capability, Business 

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