scholarly journals Formation and Development of Taproots in Deciduous Tree Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Kościelniak ◽  
Paulina Glazińska ◽  
Jacek Kȩsy ◽  
Marcin Zadworny
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Root Apical Meristem ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Complex Signaling ◽  
External Stimuli

Trees are generally long-lived and are therefore exposed to numerous episodes of external stimuli and adverse environmental conditions. In certain trees e.g., oaks, taproots evolved to increase the tree’s ability to acquire water from deeper soil layers. Despite the significant role of taproots, little is known about the growth regulation through internal factors (genes, phytohormones, and micro-RNAs), regulating taproot formation and growth, or the effect of external factors, e.g., drought. The interaction of internal and external stimuli, involving complex signaling pathways, regulates taproot growth during tip formation and the regulation of cell division in the root apical meristem (RAM). Assuming that the RAM is the primary regulatory center responsible for taproot growth, factors affecting the RAM function provide fundamental information on the mechanisms affecting taproot development.

THE NATIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1849-1854
Author(s):  
Marin Petkov
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Security System ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Moral Code ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting

The rapid development of science and technology has led to the emergence of a crisis in society. Science "pushes" religion, but does not offer a new moral code in its place. The definitions of "security" are almost as many and as controversial as postmodernism. For the purposes of this study, however, it will be sufficient to define security as "the functional state of a system that provides for the neutralization and counteraction of external and internal factors affecting or potentially damaging the system." This scientific article presents a study, which seeks to answer the question why the paradigm "security" is so important in the postmodern society, what are the roots of its influence and meaning, and to seek conclusions and guidelines for its increase.

scholarly journals Phytolith and Calcitic Spherulite Indicators from Modern Reference Animal Dung from Mediterranean Island Ecosystems: Menorca, Balearic Islands

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7202
Author(s):  
Marta Portillo ◽  
Kate Dudgeon ◽  
Montserrat Anglada ◽  
Damià Ramis ◽  
Yolanda Llergo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Island Ecosystems ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Faecal Pellets ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Animal Dung ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Mediterranean Island

This study illustrates the contribution of plant and faecal microfossil records to interdisciplinary approaches on the identification, composition, taphonomy and seasonality of livestock dung materials. The focus is on the taphonomy of opal phytoliths and calcitic dung spherulites embedded within modern faecal pellets collected from pasture grounds and pens from a range of animals, including cattle, sheep and pigs from three different farms and seasons of the year in Menorca (Balearic Islands, Spain) declared a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO. Modern reference materials provide comparative plant and dung microfossil indicators on factors affecting the formation, composition, preservation and decay of animal faeces, as well as on the diverse environmental and anthropogenic aspects influencing these. The reported results show relevant changes in phytolith and spherulite composition according to animal species and age, livestock management, seasonality, and grazing and foddering regimes. Both microfossil records provide fundamental information on taphonomic issues that are understudied, such as the variation in the digestibility among different species, including under investigated animals such as pigs, as well on the seasonality of plant and faecal microfossils that are excreted with dung as an important material for reconstructing human-environment interactions which is commonly overlooked in archaeology.

scholarly journals Internal Factors Affecting the Surface Rumpling of a β-NiAlHf Coating

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 436
Author(s):  
Liang Liu ◽  
Jian He ◽  
Yaoge Dong ◽  
Hongbo Guo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Cyclic Loads ◽  
Internal Factor ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Mismatch Stress ◽  
Thermal Mismatch Stress

β-NiAl coatings on a superalloy substrate will inevitably result in severe rumpling at elevated temperatures; however, the associated rumpling mechanisms are not completely understood. The scale rumpling behavior of a β-NiAlHf coating deposited by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) on single crystal superalloy IC21 was investigated in this work. Some internal factors, including the mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion and the stress induced by the growth of oxide scale and the phase transformation, were taken into consideration. The thermal mismatch stress between the coating and substrate was the main internal factor responsible for rumpling behavior during thermal cyclic loads, while the phase degradation from β-NiAl to γ’-Ni3Al in the coating played a dominant role during static thermal loads.

scholarly journals Environmental Risks: Doing Business In China

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Ethridge ◽  
Treba Marsh ◽  
Esther Bunn
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Risk Process ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Audit Risk ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Business In China

Planning and conducting the audit of financial statements involves understanding the entity and the environment in which it operates.  First and foremost this requires identifying the risks faced by the entity.  Identifying these risks can be a complex and difficult task since the auditor needs to not only understand the entity’s risk process but also independently understand the risks facing the firm.  Tackling this task will involve a comprehensive review of the external and internal factors affecting the business.  It is possible many identified business risks are related to financial reporting risk and ultimately to audit risk.  Therefore, the auditor must understand the linkage between risks, controls and the audit.  The objective of this paper is to examine the risks faced by U.S. companies conducting business in China.  This paper attempts to identify a wide array of risks faced by U.S. companies to demonstrate how important it is for the company and the auditor to understand the business environment.

scholarly journals Impact of external factors on quality financial reporting: The case of Vietnam

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Thuan Quoc Pham ◽  
Dao Xuan La
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Accounting Software ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Pressure Factor ◽  
Independent Audit

The objective of this study is to identify the major factors that impact on the quality of financial reporting and to suggest model of the factors affecting on the quality of financial reporting for Vietnamese enterprises . There are two factors group affecting on the quality of financial reporting: internal factors and external factors, this study is limited to the scope of the external factors. By using case studies, analytical results indicate that Tax Pressure factor has the greatest impact on the quality of financial reporting, the remaning factors include: Listed Securities, Accounting Software and Independent Audit. Two factors, Politics and Regulatory Environment have limited impact on the quality financial reporting.

scholarly journals Credit Policy Planning in Medium Scale Business

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Herdinata
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Policy Planning ◽  
Credit Policy ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Business World ◽  
Credit Management ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Internal Information

Abstract In dealing with the factors affecting credit policy, a management should consider external and internal information before creating a policy. Internal factors include the structure and the amount of available bank assets and liabilities, and the type, state, and composition of available banking facilities and personnels. Meanwhile, external factors include the atmosphere of the business world in general and banking sector in particular, bank location, and others. The factors that need to be considered in credit policy cannot be separated from the problems that exist in banking activities. Since the factors affecting credit policy act as a guideline which influences credit management, it is important to analyze these factors. This research maps out some important factors in credit management and recommends certain practical steps that can be taken in credit management.

scholarly journals Gastronomy Tourism Growth in Malaysia: A Case Study of Malay Restaurants Performance in Klang Valley

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 8-21
Author(s):  
Raja Puteri Saadiah Raja Abdullah ◽  
Siti Suriawati Isa
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Rate Performance ◽  
Business Growth ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Klang Valley ◽  
Survey Questionnaires

Today one of the most popular niche tourism markets is gastronomy tourism. The popularity of gastronomy tourism is also called as soft power approaches by some tourism scholars. This niche market is part of cultural and ecotourism market. Malaysia is recognized as a multi-ethnic and multi cultural country that includes countless ethnics such as Malay, Chinese, Indian and others. Although Malay leads the major ethnics in Malaysia, Malay restaurant less likely can stay longer in the industry. There are several factors from previous cases involve in Malay restaurants that result to this ethnic’s restaurant fail to survive. Since Malaysia is a multi-ethnic country the food in Malaysia have combination from all ethnics and unique in its own way. Each state in Malaysia has their own dishes and some dishes may diff er from another state. Since Malay or Bumi putra ethnic comprises the biggest ethnic in Malaysia with more than half of the country’s population, the objective of this study was to analyze the internal factors affecting business growth performance in Malay ethnic restaurant. Survey questionnaires were distributed to selected Malay restaurants to find out about their growth rate performance.

scholarly journals An outline of the method for predicting IT vulnerabilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 02010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Zieja ◽  
Mirosław Zieja ◽  
Artur Stachurski
Keyword(s):  
Method Development ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Vulnerability Analysis ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Quantitative Models ◽  
Software Vulnerabilities ◽  
Vulnerability Prediction ◽  
The Way

Majority of the currently known quantitative models for vulnerability analysis do not allow for a comprehensive vulnerability prediction process for a selected software. The article presents the outline of the method for predicting software vulnerabilities. The presented solution is based on probabilistic properties that allow to reflect external and internal factors affecting software and determining its vulnerabilities. Also, a possible direction of further method development was described, indicating the way of improving the method with elements representing preventive measures, as a result of which it may be possible to limit or eliminate potential software vulnerabilities.

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