scholarly journals Personality Features in Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Buratta ◽  
Chiara Pazzagli ◽  
Elisa Delvecchio ◽  
Giulia Cenci ◽  
Alessandro Germani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Aligned Rank

Obesity is a widespread and broadly consequential health condition associated with numerous medical complications that could increase mortality rates. As personality concerned individual’s patterns of feeling, behavior, and thinking, it may help in understanding how people with obesity differ from people with normal-weight status in their typical weight-relevant behavior. So far, studies about personality and BMI associations have mainly focused on broad personality traits. The main purpose of this study was to explore the personality and health associations among a clinical group composed of 46 outpatients with overweight/obesity (mean age = 55.83; SD = 12.84) in comparison to a healthy control group that included 46 subjects (mean age = 54.96; SD = 12.60). Both the clinical and control groups were composed of 14 males and 32 females. Several personality and psychopathological aspects were assessed with the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). The results of the analysis of variance of aligned rank transformed (ART) showed that patients with overweight/obesity reported higher scores for Somatic Complaints, Depression, and Borderline Features than the control group. Logistic regression highlighted specifically that the subscales of the Borderline Features assessing the Negative Relationship contributed to the increased risk of belonging to the clinical group. For the purpose of this study, the role of gender was considered. The present findings highlight the importance of focusing on assessing personality functioning in the health context and on specific characteristics of interpersonal relationships to promote more tailored treatments.

scholarly journals Emotional Eating in Adolescence: Effects of Emotion Regulation, Weight Status and Negative Body Image

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Lenka H. Shriver ◽  
Jessica M. Dollar ◽  
Susan D. Calkins ◽  
Susan P. Keane ◽  
Lilly Shanahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Negative Body Image ◽  
Increased Risk

Emotional eating is associated with an increased risk of binge eating, eating in the absence of hunger and obesity risk. While previous studies with children and adolescents suggest that emotion regulation may be a key predictor of this dysregulated eating behavior, little is known about what other factors may be influencing the link between emotional regulation and emotional eating in adolescence. This multi-method longitudinal study (n = 138) utilized linear regression models to examine associations between childhood emotion regulation, adolescent weight status and negative body image, and emotional eating at age 17. Emotion regulation predicted adolescent emotional eating and this link was moderated by weight status (β = 1.19, p < 0.01) and negative body image (β = −0.34, p < 0.01). Higher engagement in emotional eating was predicted by lower emotional regulation scores among normal-weight teens (β = −0.46, p < 0.001) but not among overweight/obese teens (β = 0.32, p > 0.10). Higher scores on emotion regulation were significantly associated with lower emotional eating at high (β = −1.59, p < 0.001) and low (β = −1.00, p < 0.01) levels of negative body image. Engagement in emotional eating was predicted by higher negative body image among overweight/obese teens only (β = 0.70, p < 0.001). Our findings show that while better childhood emotion regulation skills are associated with lower emotional eating, weight status and negative body image influence this link and should be considered as important foci in future interventions that aim to reduce emotional eating in adolescence.

Delayed Romantic Experience: Association of Romantic Relationship and Weight Change Patterns over 7 Years among Taiwanese Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2110235
Author(s):  
Jih-Cheng Yeh ◽  
Duan-Rung Chen
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
School Students ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Weight Change Pattern

Stigmatization of overweight and obese individuals is common in interpersonal relationships. This study investigated longitudinal weight change patterns among Taiwanese adolescents and the relationship of weight change patterns with delayed romantic experience from late adolescence to young adulthood by using a representative panel survey. Individuals were divided into six weight change pattern categories according to changes in their body mass index. Two-stage stratified and clustered sampling was used to obtain a representative student sample, and 1,834 junior high school students were followed up over 7 years. Persistent obesity and a change from an underweight to a normal weight status over 7 years were independently associated with delayed romantic experience in both sexes. Moreover, females but not males who changed from an underweight or normal weight status to an overweight or obese status had increased odds of delayed romantic experience. Persistent obesity should be addressed early in life because it plays a crucial role in delayed romantic experience.

Is overweight/obesity a risk factor for atopic allergic disease in prepubertal children? A case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysel Vehapoglu ◽  
Zeynep Ebru Cakın ◽  
Feyza Ustabas Kahraman ◽  
Mustafa Atilla Nursoy ◽  
Ali Toprak
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Prepubertal Children ◽  
Body Weight Status ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objectives It is unclear whether body weight status (underweight/normal weight/overweight/obese) is associated with allergic disease. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between body weight status (body mass index; BMI) and atopic allergic disease in prepubertal children, and to compare children with atopic allergic diseases with non atopic healthy children. Methods A prospective cross sectional study of 707 prepubertal children aged 3–10 years was performed; the participants were 278 atopic children with physician-diagnosed allergic disease (allergic rhinitis and asthma) (serum total IgE level >100 kU/l and eosinophilia >4%, or positivity to at least one allergen in skin test) and 429 non atopic healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Data were collected between December 2019 and November 2020 at the Pediatric General and Pediatric Allergy Outpatient Clinics of Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital. Results Underweight was observed in 11.6% of all participants (10.8% of atopic children, 12.2% of healthy controls), and obesity in 14.9% of all participants (18.0% of atopic children, 12.8% of controls). Obese (OR 1.71; 95% CI: 1.08–2.71, p=0.021), and overweight status (OR 1.62; 95% CI: 1.06–2.50, p=0.026) were associated with an increased risk of atopic allergic disease compared to normal weight in pre-pubertal children. This association did not differ by gender. There was no relationship between underweight status and atopic allergic disease (OR 1.03; 95% CI: 0.63–1.68, p=0.894). Conclusions Overweight and obesity were associated with an increased risk of atopic allergic disease compared to normal weight among middle-income and high-income pre pubertal children living in Istanbul.

scholarly journals Exercise During the First Trimester and Infant Size at Birth: Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation of the Causal Risk Difference

2019 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha F Ehrlich ◽  
Romain S Neugebauer ◽  
Juanran Feng ◽  
Monique M Hedderson ◽  
Assiamira Ferrara
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Targeted Maximum Likelihood

Abstract This cohort study sought to estimate the differences in risk of delivering infants who were small or large for gestational age (SGA or LGA, respectively) according to exercise during the first trimester of pregnancy (vs. no exercise) among 2,286 women receiving care at Kaiser Permanente Northern California in 2013–2017. Exercise was assessed by questionnaire. SGA and LGA were determined by the sex- and gestational-age-specific birthweight distributions of the 2017 US Natality file. Risk differences were estimated by targeted maximum likelihood estimation, with and without data-adaptive prediction (machine learning). Analyses were also stratified by prepregnancy weight status. Overall, exercise at the cohort-specific 75th percentile was associated with an increased risk of SGA of 4.5 (95% CI: 2.1, 6.8) per 100 births, and decreased risk of LGA of 2.8 (95% CI: 0.5, 5.1) per 100 births; similar findings were observed among the underweight and normal-weight women, but no associations were found among those with overweight or obesity. Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines was associated with increased risk of SGA and decreased risk of LGA but only among underweight and normal-weight women. Any vigorous exercise reduced the risk of LGA in underweight and normal-weight women only and was not associated with SGA risk.

Cortisol secretion pattern in overweight/obese and normal-weight infants: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-246
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Resende Camargos ◽  
Pedro Henrique Scheidt Figueiredo ◽  
Sueli Ferreira da Fonseca ◽  
Mariana Aguiar de Matos ◽  
Katherine Simone Caires Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Cortisol Levels

AbstractBackgroundThe salivary circadian diurnal cortisol plays an important role in growth and development. Inappropriate levels may induce changes associated with an increased risk of obesity later in life. It is unknown if there are differences in cortisol secretion pattern between overweight/obese infants when compared with theirs peers in infancy. Thus, this study aimed to compare the salivary cortisol secretion pattern in overweight/obese and normal-weight infants.MethodsThirty-three (overweight/obese = 17 and normal weight = 16) infants between 6 and 24 months of age had saliva samples collected upon awakening (T1), 30 min after waking (T2), at 12:00 am or before the baby’s meal (T3), and prior to bedtime (T4). Highly sensitive enzyme immunoassays were used for cortisol analyses.ResultsSalivary cortisol levels were similar between the groups: T1 (p = 0.22; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −5.65, 1.37), T2 (p = 0.24; 95% CI: −8.23, 2.17), T3 (p = 0.95; 95% CI: −3.16, 2.96), and T4 (p = 0.81; 95% CI: −1.39, 1.08); and no differences were observed between area under the curve (AUC) (p = 0.80; 95% CI: −4.58–13.66). The cortisol level reduced in T4 (95% CI: 1.35–2.96) compared to T1 (95% CI: 5.15–8.49) and T2 in the overweight/obese group (p < 0.001; 95% CI: 6.02–11.04). In the normal-weight group, the cortisol reduced in T3 (95% CI: 2.86–8.18) compared to T1 (95% CI: 5.64–12.28) and decreased until T4 (p = 0.001; 95% CI: 1.25–3.37).ConclusionsThe overweight/obese infant group presented a different pattern of cortisol secretion, although cortisol levels did not differ between the control group.

scholarly journals Psychological Prophylaxis of Eхogenous Constitutional Obesity of Adolescents with Social Psychological Factors, Taken into Account

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
TI I Kireeva
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Restrictive Eating ◽  
Eating Style ◽  
Definition Of

Aim - psychological prevention of development of exogenous-constitutional obesity on the basis of the definition of early diagnostic socio-psychological criteria for the risk of obesity in adolescents. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the Department of Endocrinology of the Children's City Clinical Hospital No. 1. The sample of the study consisted of 40 adolescents, 20 of whom had a diagnosis of "Exogenous-constitutional obesity", grade 3-4 (the clinical group), while the other 20 adolescents had normal weight (the control group). The following psychodiagnostic methods were used in the study: the test of character accentuation by K. Leonhard, S. Schmieschek, the Dutch food questionnaire, the test "Adolescents about Parents" (ADOR), the method of directed retrospective analysis on "My Relations with Food" topic by V.I. Shebanova. Results. Adolescents with obesity are characterized by high sensitivity, empathy, a tendency for prolonged experience of grievances, suspicion, mistrust, emotional discomfort. In the families of adolescents with obesity, there is a cult of food, which negatively affects the formation of eating behavior. Adolescents with obesity are prone to emotionally dependent eating behavior. The social-psychological risk factors for obesity in adolescents are stuck and emotional character accentuations, low level of restrictive eating behavior, lack of intimacy with the mother, mother’s hostility and domination. Conclusion. Knowledge of the identified factors allows to predict the risk of obesity in adolescents at the early stage of weight gain and to carry out its timely prevention by correcting the characterological features, parent-child relationships and eating style in the family.

scholarly journals Investigating the prevalence of primary thyroid dysfunction in obese and overweight individuals: Tehran thyroid study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Mahdavi ◽  
Atieh Amouzegar ◽  
Ladan Mehran ◽  
Elham Madreseh ◽  
Maryam Tohidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunctions

Abstract Background Due to the increasing worldwide prevalence of obesity, it is essential to determine the prevalence of obesity-related thyroid dysfunctions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions, namely hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, and their association with BMI among adult Iranian overweight and obese individuals. Method This cross-sectional study was carried out within the framework of the Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS); 5353 participants (57.5% female) entered our study. Anthropometric measurements were performed. Serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) were assayed. We categorized individuals into 3 BMI groups (normal-weight, overweight and obese), then calculated prevalence rate, odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) for outcomes in overweight and obese groups. The normal-weight group was used as the control group. Results We found a higher prevalence of hypothyroidism (11.6% vs 8.2% Total, 4.0% vs 1.1% overt and 7.6% vs 7.1% subclinical, P < 0.001) and TPOAb positivity (17.3% vs 11.6%, P < 0.001) in obese participants compared with normal-weight participants. Hyperthyroidism’s overall prevalence was 4.2, 5.7, and 4.9% in obese, overweight, and normal-weight groups, respectively. Obesity was associated with higher odds of overt hypothyroidism (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.15–3.49, P < 0.05) and TPOAb positivity (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.04–1.60, P < 0.05) after adjusting for confounding variables. In contrast, no association was observed between the overweight group and the odds of hypothyroidism and TPOAb positivity in the adjusted results. Conclusions Obesity was associated with an increased risk of overt hypothyroidism and TPOAb positivity.

scholarly journals Validity evidence of the Zulliger-CS in older adults with Parkinson’s disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarete RIEN ◽  
Silvana Alba SCORTEGAGNA ◽  
Jucelaine Bier Di Domenico GRAZZIOTIN ◽  
Telma Elita BERTOLIN
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Psychological Assessment ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Comprehensive System ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Validity Evidence ◽  
System Variables

Abstract The ethical principles of psychological assessment include the need to use reliable tests to meet the demands of the emerging population. Therefore, the present study sought to provide evidence of validity of the Zulliger Comprehensive System (Zulliger Test in the Comprehensive System) considering the constructs: self-perception and interpersonal relationships. A total of 61 older adults of both sexes participated in the study; 30 had Parkinson’s disease (clinical group) and 31 were healthy (non-clinical group). The clinical group showed an increase in the following variables: Human detail (p = 0.02, d = 0.50); Morbid responses (p = 0.025, d = 0.62); Vista responses (p = 0.016, d = 0.72), Food Responses (p = 0.021, d = 0.61) and Decrease in human detail fictional (p = 0.012, d = -0.65) and in Personalized Responses (p = 0.003, d = -0.48). There was a positive relationship between the Zulliger Test in the Comprehensive System variables and age, income, and disease severity and a negative relationship between the Zulliger Test in the Comprehensive System variables and time since diagnosis. The results obtained confirm the validity of the Zulliger Test in the Comprehensive System and encourage further studies.

scholarly journals HDL SUBGROUPS AND THEIR PARAOXONASE-1 ACTIVITY IN THE OBESE, OVERWEIGHT AND NORMAL WEIGHT SUBJECTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
KÜBRA DOĞAN ◽  
mehmet senes ◽  
ANARA KARACA ◽  
DAMLA KAYALP ◽  
SEYFULLAH KAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Homa Index ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Public Health

ABSTRACT Background: Obesity and overweight are significant public health problems due to higher risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). It is very important to determine new predictive markers to identify the CAD risk in obese and overweight. To this aim, we analyzed HDL-C subclass and their paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity in obese, overweight and normal weight subjects. Method: 71 newly diagnosed obese, 40 overweight and 30 healthy subjects as a control group were enrolled the study. Serum lipids levels were determined with enzymatic colorimetric method. PON-1 activities and HDL-3 levels were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Non-HDL3-C concentrations were calculated with the subtraction of HDL3-C from total HDL-C. Results: The mean serum levels of total HDL-C, HDL3-C, Non-HDL3-C -C and ApoA1 were higher in control group than obese and overweight groups. There were a statistically significant difference between obese and control group in terms of Lp(a), hsCRP and HOMA index. Higher total PON-1, non-HDL3 PON-1 and HDL3 PON-1 activities were found in the control group compared to obese and overweight groups. Total HDL was weakly negative correlated with the HOMA index, BMI and waist circumference. There was a weak negative correlation between non-HDL3-C and waist circumstance. Conclusion: Abnormal HDL-subgroups pattern and decreased PON-1 activities causes increased risk for CVD in obese and overweight individuals. Therefore determination of HDL subgroups and their PON-1 activity improves risk prediction compared with measuring total HDL-C levels and its PON-1 activity alone. Body weight and insulin resistance appear to have a role in the decreased HDL-C levels and PON-1activity in obese.

scholarly journals B-50 Frequency of Sports-Related Concussion in Athletes with Neurodevelopmental Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 996-996
Author(s):  
S Flood ◽  
H Kuwabara ◽  
J Hussey ◽  
B Fraga ◽  
T Kinsora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Concussion History ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Abstract Objective Research demonstrates that athletes with neurodevelopmental diagnoses may have a higher frequency of lifetime concussions (Iverson et al., 2016; Alosco, Fedor & Gunstad, 2014) possibly due to underlying attention, processing speed, or reaction time difficulties. The present study investigates concussion history and sports-related concussions between athletes with and without a history of neurodevelopmental disorders in a longitudinal, state-wide sample. Method Participants included 39,586 high school athletes (Mage = 15.18; 56.2% males) who were assessed pre and post-concussion with ImPACT between 2008 and 2016. There were 36,880 athletes (55.1% males) who did not report neurodevelopmental disorders and served as the control group and 2,706 athletes (71.4% males) in the clinical group who self-reported diagnosis of ADHD (55.6%), Learning Disability (LD;13.6%), Autism (3.2%), ADHD+LD (4.5%), and athletes in special education but no reported diagnosis (SpEd; 22%). Concussion frequency in each group was analyzed using chi-square analysis. Results Athletes were more likely to report prior concussions if they had a self-reported neurodevelopmental diagnosis (17%) compared to the control group (9%, χ2(1) = 112.11, p < .001). Odds ratios indicated that athletes with neurodevelopmental conditions were 1.43 times more likely to have a sports-related concussion. Conclusions Consistent with past research, results indicate that neurodevelopmental conditions are associated with greater lifetime risk of concussion, including sport-related concussions. Future studies may expand this research by examining underlaying causes of this increased risk in order to develop specific interventions to help reduce rates of concussion for this population.

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