scholarly journals The Hidden Danger in Family Environment: The Role of Self-Reported Parenting Style in Cognitive and Affective Empathy Among Offenders

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaishai Wang ◽  
Huagang Hu ◽  
Xinyang Wang ◽  
Bo Dong ◽  
Tianyang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Parental Control ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Control Factor ◽  
Affective Empathy ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
And Control

Parenting styles are considered to have an important influence on the development of individuals and have been associated with empathy. The present study aimed to investigate the self-reported different parenting styles in childhood and adolescence and associated cognitive and affective empathy among offenders. Men incarcerated in prison in Jiangsu Province in China were invited to participate. Each consenting participant was asked to complete the Parental Bonding Instrument to collect information regarding the parenting styles they experienced in childhood and adolescence and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index to evaluate their empathy. A multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to explore the associations between different parenting styles and the empathy of offenders, and a one-way multivariate analysis of variance and a t-test were used to explore the differences in cognitive and affective empathy with different degrees of parenting styles. The parental care and control factors in childhood and adolescence were significantly more strongly associated with empathy among offenders than the parental encouragement factor. There were different associations between the parental care and control factors and offenders’ empathy depending on whether the parenting styles were consistent or inconsistent. When the parenting styles were consistent, different degrees of parental care had a significant predictive effect on cognitive and affective empathy, while different degrees of parental control were only significantly associated with affective empathy among the offenders. When the parenting styles were inconsistent, different degrees of paternal and maternal control were associated with cognitive and affective empathy among the offenders. Our findings suggest that not only different parenting styles experienced in childhood and adolescence had different predictive effects on empathy among offenders but also the degrees of parenting styles and whether the paternal and maternal parenting styles were consistent or inconsistent may affect the patterns of parenting styles and empathy. Moreover, the parental control factor had a particular influence on empathy among the offenders. Our findings underscore the pressing need for adopting preventive monitoring measures or developing policies to improve parenting styles.

scholarly journals Associations of Experienced Parenting Style and Empathy Among Male Offenders in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaishai Wang ◽  
Huagang Hu ◽  
Xinyang Wang ◽  
Bo Dong ◽  
Tianyang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Parental Control ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Affective Empathy ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Parenting style has an important influence on the development of individuals and has been associated with empathy. The present study aimed to investigate different parenting style factors in childhood and adolescence and associated cognitive and affective empathy among offenders, which may help to inform effective intervention strategies to improve empathy.Methods: A total of 994 prisoners were selected for their parents being the caregivers whose caregivers were fathers and mothers, used the Parental Bonding Instrument to collect information on the parenting styles they experienced in childhood and adolescence, and used the Interpersonal Reactivity Index to evaluate their empathy. Multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to explore associations between different parenting style factors and the empathy of offenders, and one-way multivariate analysis of variance and a t-test was used to explore the differences in cognitive and affective empathy with different degrees of parenting style factors.Results: The parental care and control factors in childhood and adolescence had a significantly greater influence on the empathy of offenders than the parental encouragement factor. There were different associations between parental care and control factors and offenders’ empathy depending on whether the parenting styles were consistent or inconsistent. When the parenting styles were consistent, different degrees of parental care had a significantly influence on the cognitive and affective empathy while different degrees of parental control only had a significantly influence on the affective empathy of offenders. And when the parenting styles were inconsistent, different degrees of paternal and maternal control had an association with the cognitive and affective empathy of offenders.Conclusion: Different parenting style factors experienced in childhood and adolescence had different associations with the empathy of offenders. Different degrees of parenting style factors also had different predictive effects on offenders’ cognitive and affective empathy depending on whether the paternal and maternal parenting styles were consistent or inconsistent. Moreover, the parental control factor had a particular influence on the empathy of offenders. Our findings underscore the pressing need for taking preventive monitoring measures or developing policies to improve parenting styles.

MODEL OF SOCIAL POTENTIAL OF CHILDHOOD IN THE RUSSIAN REGIONS: THE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 152-162
Author(s):  
A.G. Filipova ◽  
A.V. Vysotskaya
Keyword(s):  
Third Wave ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Social Potential ◽  
System Input ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Fixed Ideal ◽  
And Control ◽  
Selection Of

The article presents the results of mathematical experiments with the system «Social potential of childhood in the Russian regions». In the structure of system divided into three subsystems – the «Reproduction of children in the region», «Children’s health» and «Education of children», for each defined its target factor (output parameter). The groups of infrastructure factors (education, health, culture and sport, transport), socio-economic, territorial-settlement, demographic and en-vironmental factors are designated as the factors that control the system (input parameters). The aim of the study is to build a model îf «Social potential of childhood in the Russian regions», as well as to conduct experiments to find the optimal ratio of the values of target and control factors. Three waves of experiments were conducted. The first wave is related to the analysis of the dynam-ics of indicators for 6 years. The second – with the selection of optimal values of control factors at fixed ideal values of target factors. The third wave allowed us to calculate the values of the target factors based on the selected optimal values of the control factors of the previous wave.

Protein synthesis is required for rapid degradation of tubulin mRNA and other deflagellation-induced RNAs in Chlamydomonas reinhardi

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
E J Baker ◽  
L R Keller ◽  
J A Schloss ◽  
J L Rosenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Flagellar Proteins ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Control

After flagellar detachment in Chlamydomonas reinhardi, there is a rapid synthesis and accumulation of mRNAs for tubulin and other flagellar proteins. Maximum levels of these mRNAs (flagellar RNAs) are reached within 1 h after deflagellation, after which they are rapidly degraded to their predeflagellation levels. The degradation of alpha- and beta-tubulin RNAs was shown to be due to the shortening of their half-lives after accumulation (Baker et al., J. Cell Biol. 99:2074-2081, 1984). Deflagellation in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors results in the accumulation of tubulin and other flagellar mRNAs by kinetics similar to those of controls. However, unlike controls, in which the accumulated mRNAs are rapidly degraded, these mRNAs are stabilized in cycloheximide. The stabilization by cycloheximide is specific for the flagellar mRNAs accumulated after deflagellation, since there is no change in the levels of flagellar mRNAs in nondeflagellated (uninduced) cells in the presence of cycloheximide. The kinetics of flagellar mRNA synthesis after deflagellation are shown to be the same in cycloheximide-treated and control cells by in vivo labeling and in vitro nuclear runoff experiments. These results show that protein synthesis is not required for the induced synthesis of flagellar mRNAs, and that all necessary transcriptional control factors are present in the cell before deflagellation, but that protein synthesis is required for the accelerated degradation of the accumulated flagellar mRNAs. Since cycloheximide prevents the induced synthesis and accumulation of flagellar proteins, it is possible that the product(s) of protein synthesis required for the accelerated decay of these mRNAs is a flagellar protein(s). The possibility that one or more flagellar proteins autoregulate the stability of the flagellar mRNAs is discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluating empathy in adolescents with conduct disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Kostic ◽  
Milkica Nesic ◽  
Miodrag Stankovic ◽  
Olivera Zikic ◽  
Jasminka Markovic
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Affective Empathy

Background/Aim. According to currently available data, there is no research dealing with evaluating empathy in adolescents with conduct disorders in our region. The aim of the research was to examine the differences in the severity of cognitive and affective empathy in adolescents with and with no conduct disorder, as well as to examine the relationship between cognitive and affective empathy and the level of externalization in adolescents with conduct disorder. Methods. This research was conducted on 171 adolescents, aged 15 to 18, using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, Youth Self- Report and a Questionnaire constructed for the purpose of this research. Results. The results showed that adolescents with conduct disorder had significantly lower scores for Perspective Taking (t = 3.255, p = 0.001), Fantasy (t = 2.133, p = 0.034) and Empathic Concern (t = 2.479, p = 0.014) compared to the adolescents in the control group, while the values for Personal Distress (t = 1.818, p = 0.071) were higher compared to the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The study showed a statistically significant negative correlation between Perspective Taking and aggression (r = - 0.318, p = 0.003) and a negative correlation between Perspective Taking and the overall level of externalizing problems (r = -0.310, p = 0.004) in the group of adolescents with conduct disorder. Conclusion. This research contributes to better understanding of behavioral disorders in terms of individual factors, especially empathic reactivity. Preventive work with young people who have behavioral problems associated with empathy deficit disorder proved to be an important tool in preventing the development, or at least relieving the symptoms, of this ever more common disorder.

Parenting Styles and Mental Health of Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Vijeta Singh ◽  
Taruna Gera ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Behmani
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
The Impact

Adolescence is a developmental phase marked with a heightened risk of inception of mental health disorders. The neglect in addressing mental health issues during childhood and adolescence could lead to the development of mental health problems in later life. The perspective with which children perceive their parent's parenting influences the children's mental health. Furthermore, the gender of the parent has its impacts on the shaping of a child's personality under the patriarchal society. The present research attempted to investigate the impact of different parenting styles (paternal) on adolescents' mental health. The study sample comprised 150 adolescents of 14-17 years in age from different schools located in the state of Haryana, India. Parenting Authority Questionnaire and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) were used to assess parenting styles and mental health. The present study's findings suggest that adolescents with a permissive parenting style have poor mental health compared with authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles. The study recommends incorporating healthy practices in parenting styles to prevent mental health issues among adolescents.

Wheat Straw Decomposition Patterns and Control Factors Under Nitrogen Fertilization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Liu ◽  
Yangquanwei Zhong ◽  
Xiaoyu Jia ◽  
Weiming Yan ◽  
Jia Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
And Control

Child Security in Cyberspace through Moral Cognition

2014 ◽  
pp. 1946-1958
Author(s):  
Satya Prakash ◽  
Abhishek Vaish ◽  
Natalie Coul ◽  
G. Kumar Saravana ◽  
T. N. Srinidhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Moral Development ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Parental Control ◽  
Cognitive Moral Development ◽  
Moral Cognition ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Control Software ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Standard Tests

The increasing number of threats in cyberspace has meant that every internet user is at a greater risk than ever before. Children are no exception to this exploitation, incurring psychological and financial stress. Technology is on a persistent pursuit of offering exquisite solution to address the problems associated with children on the cyberspace. With every new product for parental control to secure children, comes a new technique to trespass the same. Consequently it summons an approach to look beyond technology; this paper aims to explore the relevance of moral cognition to decision making capability of children on the internet & the possibility of minimizing related risks using the observation. The authors establish a correlation between cognitive moral development and the cyber vulnerability level of children of age between 12 and 16 years, based on an empirical research using a comprehensive set of questionnaires and standard tests. The findings also paves path for future researchers to further analyze and implant features in the parental control software that would stimulate moral cognition, thereby redefining parental control software as parental care software.

scholarly journals Cooling effect and control factors of common shrubs on the urban heat island effect in a southern city in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongfei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Maximum Surface ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Island Effect ◽  
Murraya Exotica ◽  
And Control

Abstract Because the heat island effect can make cities warmer than their surroundings, it can make urban dwellers uncomfortable and even affect their health, which is particularly pronounced in developed cities in southern China. To reduce the heat island effect and improve the environment, various types of vegetation have been planted in the urban green belt. Though previous studies have been conducted on the beauty, air purification functions and cooling effect of vegetation, little is concentrated on the different cooling effects and control factors of various common shrubs on the heat island effect in cities. In this study, five of the most regionally common shrubs were selected to study the cooling effect in Guangzhou, southern China. The maximum surface temperatures of five shrubs and pavement were compared using infrared temperature sensors from April 1st 2019 to October 31st 2019. Results show that (1) All five shrubs showed noticeable seasonal variation, and the average surface temperatures of the five shrubs were between 38.0 and 42.2 °C during May–August and 30.7–34.1 °C during the other seasons (April, September and October);. (2) Murraya exotica L. exhibited the best cooling effect on the maximum surface temperature. Its value was 44.7 °C, and the absolute difference values of Murraya exotica L. (10.3 ± 1.7 °C) were higher than any other shrub during the study period; (3) Both the LAI (R2 = 0.57, p < 0.01) and plant height (R2 = 0.13, p < 0.01) are control factors of the cooling effect on vegetation surface temperature for the five shrubs. This study revealed the differences in the cooling effect and influencing factors of five regionally common shrubs on the heat island effect. Research on the functional characteristics of plants and plant selection in urban green belts has both theoretical and practical significance.

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