scholarly journals Aesthetic Literacy in Young People’s and Adults’ Awareness From a Developmental Learning Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Cunha de Araújo ◽  
José Carlos Miguel ◽  
Rosane Gomes de Araújo

In Brazilian schools, many teachers do not organize their teaching and students’ tasks and actions in a way that facilitates theoretical thinking based on the abstraction and generalization of the work content. Because many students struggle to accomplish the tasks and actions themselves, teachers guide them. Over time, the students begin to have more autonomy in executing the proposed activities, as they completed mental operations while learning. This article aims to investigate how young people’s and adults’ awareness of the countryside is formed based on visual elements and writing, facilitating an understanding of their reality. A didactic–formative experiment was performed based on the cultural–historical theory. The comic books produced by the participants allowed them to develop their overall thinking, moving from the abstract to the concrete. They also formed an awareness of reality, which allowed them to have greater autonomy in the production of these stories as a means of representation and transformation of reality.

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rens Vliegenthart

This article provides an analysis of Dutch election posters in the period from 1946 to 2006. Based on the literature on the professionalization of political communication, several hypotheses are formulated regarding changes in textual and visual elements of those posters. These hypotheses focus on over-time changes in the presence and prominence of the party leader and party logo’s as well as references to specific political issues and ideology in these posters. In total, 225 posters for 23 parties in 19 elections are analyzed. Results reveal that changes in visual elements are in line with the hypotheses, with an increased use of party logo, an increasing presence and prominence of the party leader, and a decreasing focus on ideology. The textual parts of the posters, however, show no or opposite trends. The results call for a more nuanced scientific treatment of the consequences of the professionalization of political communication and demonstrate the necessity to analyze both visual and textual elements of political parties’ communication.


Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 557
Author(s):  
Ilyena Hirskyj-Douglas ◽  
Vilma Kankaanpää

Computer-enabled screen systems containing visual elements have long been employed with captive primates for assessing preference, reactions and for husbandry reasons. These screen systems typically play visual enrichment to primates without them choosing to trigger the system and without their consent. Yet, what videos primates, especially monkeys, would prefer to watch of their own volition and how to design computers and methods that allow choice is an open question. In this study, we designed and tested, over several weeks, an enrichment system that facilitates white-faced saki monkeys to trigger different visual stimuli in their regular zoo habitat while automatically logging and recording their interaction. By analysing this data, we show that the sakis triggered underwater and worm videos over the forest, abstract art, and animal videos, and a control condition of no-stimuli. We also note that the sakis used the device significantly less when playing animal videos compared to other conditions. Yet, plotting the data over time revealed an engagement bell curve suggesting confounding factors of novelty and habituation. As such, it is unknown if the stimuli or device usage curve caused the changes in the sakis interactions over time. Looking at the sakis’ behaviours and working with zoo personnel, we noted that the stimuli conditions resulted in significantly decreasing the sakis’ scratching behaviour. For the research community, this study builds on methods that allow animals to control computers in a zoo environment highlighting problems in quantifying animal interactions with computer devices.


10.28945/2635 ◽  
2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Suraweera

Most courses on Discrete Mathematics are designed to emphasize problem solving, in general. When the goal is to cover the content, the learning and understanding takes a second place. Over time, the students’ understanding will have large gaps of knowledge that leads to non-enjoyment of the course and a great deal of anxiety. Given the choice, most first year students would not do the Discrete Mathematics course. It is not an easy course to teach because of the opposing expectations of the instructor and students. However, as instructors, we all share a common goal: we would like our students to acquire the skills to perform complex mental operations so that they will be successful in the classroom as well as their future careers. In this paper, we present a way to enhance the learning and understanding of Discrete Mathematics whether it is offered in a distance learning mode or a traditional classroom situation.


Author(s):  
Erin Templeton

The Cantos is a series of 120 long poems by the American poet, essayist, and cultural critic Ezra Pound. Pound began work on them as early as 1904, publishing the first three in Poetry magazine in 1917. The poems were originally published in eleven separate book-length installments, with each individual canto numbered sequentially in Roman numerals. They are highly allusive, polyphonic, and notoriously difficult. Pound had been interested in epic poetry from his collegiate days, and his ideas about its form were influenced by many of his poetic predecessors: Homer, Vergil, Dante, Spenser, and Milton. But in addition to western poetic traditions, Pound studied classical Chinese and Japanese art and philosophy. These interests led him to translate works by Confucius and Li Po, but they also led to his theory of phanopoeia, the importance of the visual elements of a poem. He was particularly interested in ideograms and the way that such characters combined multiple layers of representation, both semantic and visual. Over time, Pound’s poetic project became an ambitious attempt at a complex and dynamic structure of meaning that was an aesthetic object in itself and a representation of the process of interpretation, which engages Odysseus, Elizabeth I, Thomas Jefferson, and a large cast of other characters.


Author(s):  
Paula Tamyris Moya ◽  
Silvia Pereira Gonzaga Moraes

ResumoEste artigo tem como objetivo investigar o processo de apropriação do conceito de número pelos escolares que frequentam o primeiro ano do ensino fundamental. Para isso, desenvolvemos um experimento formativo, uma metodologia de caráter científico que permite investigar o processo de desenvolvimento dos sujeitos e as formas de organizar o ensino. Neste experimento, elaboramos uma unidade didática sobre o conceito de número. No processo de elaboração e desenvolvimento do experimento formativo foi possível investigarmos a interrelação entre a atividade de estudo e as demais atividades humanas, em especial, o jogo de papéis. Em síntese, ao desenvolver essa investigação, avaliamos que na aprendizagem do conceito de número os escolares realizaram, a princípio, ações pautadas na percepção sensorial da realidade, o que significa que as abstrações e generalizações elaboradas pelas crianças tinham como base a lógica do pensamento empírico. Contudo, com a intervenção orientada pela pesquisadora, verificamos que as crianças começaram a compreender que a essência do conceito de número não existe sem as relações entre as grandezas, sejam elas discretas ou contínuas, revelando assim o processo de formação do pensamento teórico. A partir dos dados analisados nessa pesquisa, concluímos que é possível superar práticas pedagógicas tradicionais que reduzem o conceito de número a memorização, cópia e recitação da sequência numérica, a partir da sistematização de ações de ensino que priorizam a aprendizagem desse conceito a partir das relações entre as grandezas.Palavras-chave: Ensino de Matemática, Atividade de estudo, Tarefa de estudo, Jogo de papéis, Número.AbstractThis article aims to investigate the process of appropriation of the concept of number by students of the first year of elementary school. For this, we developed a formative experiment, a scientific methodology that allows investigating the process of development of the subjects and the ways of organising teaching. In this experiment, we developed a didactic unit on the concept of number. In the process of elaborating and developing the formative experiment, it was possible to investigate the interrelationship between the study activity and other human activities, in particular, the role play. In summary, when developing this investigation, we evaluated that in learning the concept of number, students performed, at first, actions based on the sensory perception of reality, which means that the abstractions and generalisations the children elaborated were based on the logic of empirical thinking. However, with the intervention guided by the researcher, we found that the children began to understand that the essence of the concept of number does not exist without the relationships between the quantities, whether they are discrete or continuous, thus revealing the process of forming theoretical thinking. From the data analysed in this research, we conclude that it is possible to overcome traditional pedagogical practices that reduce the concept of number to memorisation, copying, and recitation of the numerical sequence, based on the systematisation of teaching actions that give priority to the learning of this concept based on relationships between the quantities.Keywords: Mathematics teaching, Study activity, Study task, Role play, Number.ResumenEste artículo tiene como objetivo investigar el proceso de apropiación del concepto de número por parte de los estudiantes del primer año de primaria. Para ello, desarrollamos un experimento formativo, que constituye una metodología científica que permite investigar el proceso de desarrollo de las asignaturas y las formas de organizar la enseñanza. En este experimento, se elaboró una unidad didáctica sobre el concepto de número. En el proceso de elaboración y desarrollo del experimento formativo, fue posible investigar la interrelación entre la actividad de estudio y otras actividades humanas, especialmente el juego de roles. En resumen, al desarrollar esta investigación, evaluamos que, al aprender el concepto de número, los estudiantes realizaron, al principio, acciones basadas en la percepción sensorial de la realidad. Esto significa que la abstracción y generalización elaborada por los niños se basaron en la lógica del pensamiento empírico. Sin embargo, con la intervención guiada por el investigador, quedó en evidencia que los niños empezaron a comprender que la esencia del concepto de número no existe sin las relaciones entre las cantidades, ya sean discretas o continuas, lo que revela el proceso de formación del pensamiento teórico. A partir de los datos materializados, la investigación concluyó que es posible superar las prácticas pedagógicas básicas que originan el concepto de número, memorización, copia y recitación de la secuencia numérica, a partir de la sistematización de acciones docentes que priorizan el aprendizaje de este concepto desde las relaciones entre cantidades.Palabras-clave: Enseñanza de las matemáticas, Actividad de estudio, Tarea de estudio, Juego de papeles, Número.


2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Boldt ◽  
Charles Blundell ◽  
Benedetto De Martino

AbstractUncertainty is ubiquitous in cognitive processing, which is why agents require a precise handle on how to deal with the noise inherent in their mental operations. Previous research suggests that people possess a remarkable ability to track and report uncertainty, often in the form of confidence judgments. Here, we argue that humans use uncertainty inherent in their representations of value beliefs to arbitrate between exploration and exploitation. Such uncertainty is reflected in explicit confidence judgments. Using a novel variant of a multi-armed bandit paradigm, we studied how beliefs were formed and how uncertainty in the encoding of these value beliefs (belief confidence) evolved over time. We found that people used uncertainty to arbitrate between exploration and exploitation, reflected in a higher tendency towards exploration when their confidence in their value representations was low. We furthermore found that value uncertainty can be linked to frameworks of metacognition in decision making in two ways. First, belief confidence drives decision confidence—that is people’s evaluation of their own choices. Second, individuals with higher metacognitive insight into their choices were also better at tracing the uncertainty in their environment. Together, these findings argue that such uncertainty representations play a key role in the context of cognitive control.


2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-27
Author(s):  
A.A. Margolis

The paper focuses on the specifics of children’s learning activity organization aimed at creating the Zone of Proximal Development. From this perspective, we analyze the potential of the theory of learning activity and the practice of developmental learning (D.B. Elkonin, V.V. Davydov), outline the achievements of this approach and reveal the issues of concern regarding the correlation between students preconceptions and scientific concepts. The paper thoroughly reconstructs the scientific discourse between the academic standpoints of the “Developmental Learning” and the “School of the Dialogue of Cultures” supporters, showing the relevance of this discourse in the light of modern challenges in education. Finally, we discuss the approaches to the task of developing theoretical thinking in students and engaging them in quasi-investigations presented in the works of M. Hedegaard and E. Etkina.


Author(s):  
Ralph Keyes

Cartoons and comic strips have contributed an inordinate number of neologisms to the English lexicon. Many terms we commonly use made their debut in cartoons and comic strips such as Li’l Abner (double whammy), The Timid Soul (milquetoast), and Popeye (goon). The contributions to the vernacular from these sources are due in part to the fact that so many have had longer runs (more than four decades for Li’l Abner alone) than their counterparts in electronic media. In addition, space constraints keep cartoonists from using big words. Active, vivid language is their stock in trade. That terseness, simplicity, and zaniness has appealed to cartoon fans of all ages. During the past century especially, words in comic strips, cartoons, and comic books were among the first ones children read in adult media, and at an impressionable age. Those they assimilated over time became a common part of our discourse.


Author(s):  
Lidiane Chaves Zeferino ◽  
Vanessa Dias Moretti

ResumoO artigo analisa o desenvolvimento de aspectos do pensamento teórico do professor sobre frações, em particular: mediação de grandezas contínuas e a equivalência de frações. Apoiada teoricamente na perspectiva histórico-cultural e na Teoria da Atividade, a pesquisa adotou a Atividade Orientadora de Ensino (AOE) como referência para a organização de ações de uma formação continuada de professores. A análise dos dados produzidos junto aos professores revela a superação da ideia de fração como a quantificação discreta de partes já dadas de um inteiro, a criação de subunidade como estratégia para a quantificação de grandeza contínua e a apropriação do sentido de comparação de frações por meio de frações equivalentes. Concluímos que tais elementos revelam aspectos da superação do pensamento empírico pelo pensamento teórico.Palavras-chave: Teoria Histórico-Cultural; Fração; Formação de Professores.                                          AbstractThe article analyzes the development of aspects of the teacher's theoretical thinking about fractions, in particular: the mediation of continuous quantities and the equivalence of fractions. Supported theoretically by the historical-cultural perspective and the Theory of the Activity, the research adopted the Teaching Guiding Activity (AOE) as a reference for the organization of continuous teacher education. The analysis of the data produced with teachers reveals the overcoming of the idea of the fraction as the discrete quantification of parts already given of a whole, the creation of a subunit as a strategy for the quantification of continuous magnitude and the appropriation of the sense of comparing fractions by means of equivalent fractions. We conclude that such elements reveal aspects of the overcoming of empirical thinking by theoretical thinking.Keywords: Cultural-Historical-Theory; Fraction; Teaching Guiding Activity. ResumenEl artículo analiza el desarrollo de aspectos del pensamiento teórico del profesor sobre fracciones, en particular: mediación de avances continuos y equivalencia de fracciones. Teóricamente apoyado en la perspectiva histórico-cultural y en la Teoría de la Actividad, una investigación adoptó la Actividad de Orientación Docente (AOE) como referencia para organizar acciones para la formación continua del profesorado. El análisis de los datos elegidos con los maestros revela una superación de la idea de fracción como una cuantificación de partes ya otorgadas un número entero, una creación de subunidad como estrategia para la cuantificación de magnitud continua y la apropiación del sentido de comparar fracciones por medio de fracciones equivalentes. Concluya que estos elementos revelan aspectos de superar el pensamiento empírico mediante el pensamiento teórico.Palabras clave: Teoría Histórico-Cultural; Fracción; Formación del profesorado


2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hirshleifer ◽  
Siew Hong Teoh

AbstractEvolved dispositions influence, but do not determine, how people think about economic problems. The evolutionary cognitive approach offers important insights but underweights the social transmission of ideas as a level of explanation. The need for asocialexplanation for the evolution of economic attitudes is evidenced, for example, by immense variations in folk-economic beliefs over time and across individuals.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document